ilc marx modulator development program g.e. leyh, stanford linear accelerator center
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ILC Marx ModulatorILC Marx Modulator
Development Program Development Program
G.E. Leyh, Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterG.E. Leyh, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
ILC Modulator RequirementsILC Modulator Requirements
120 kV
140 A
1370 uS
192 mC
23,520 J
5 Hz
125 kW
576
Klystron Pulse Voltage
Klystron Pulse Current
Pulse Length [flat-top]
Total Pulse Charge
Total Pulse Energy
Repetition Rate
Average AC Input Power
Total # of Stations
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Baseline 10MW TTF ModulatorBaseline 10MW TTF ModulatorDeveloped in the early 90’s at Developed in the early 90’s at FermiLab for use with the TTF.FermiLab for use with the TTF.
Currently in use at FNAL and Currently in use at FNAL and on the XFEL at DESY.on the XFEL at DESY.
Uses a passive ‘bouncer’ Uses a passive ‘bouncer’ circuit to compensate for circuit to compensate for capacitor droop.capacitor droop.
Advantages:Advantages: Simple circuit topologySimple circuit topology Proven design; 10+ years of operationProven design; 10+ years of operation
Disadvantages:Disadvantages: Mechanically complexMechanically complex Massive pulse transformer – 6.5 tonsMassive pulse transformer – 6.5 tonsRequires large floor areaRequires large floor area Insulating oil – 100’s of gallonsInsulating oil – 100’s of gallons
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
ILC Marx Modulator LayoutILC Marx Modulator Layout
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Marx Advantages – EfficiencyMarx Advantages – Efficiency Much lower switch currents (140A vs >1600A)
Switches operate only once per pulse Highest efficiency – avoids switching losses Improves reliability – switching events are high risk
No core losses or reset circuitry
Higher waveform efficiency
96-98% stack efficiency, based on measurements of switch losses under full pulse width and current
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Marx Advantages – Site Installation Marx Advantages – Site Installation CostsCosts
Compact size – requires 1/3 the floor space
No oil required Saves 100’s of gallons per modulator Avoids safety and environmental issues
Simplified modulator enclosure requirements
Modular construction improves tunnel transport
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Marx Advantages – Modular Marx Advantages – Modular DesignDesign
Increased availability Marx Stack can work around failures Modular Design reduces MTTR
Allows printed-circuit integration Greatly reduces assembly costs Streamlines QC processes
Reduces inventory of spare components
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Schematic – Marx StackSchematic – Marx Stack
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Minimizing Voltage Overshoot by Staggering Prompt Minimizing Voltage Overshoot by Staggering Prompt CellsCells
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
12kV Solid-State IGBT Switch12kV Solid-State IGBT Switch
5-section modular PC-5-section modular PC-board design, using board design, using 4500V Single-Die IGBTs4500V Single-Die IGBTs
Each section has Each section has independent gate drivers, independent gate drivers, delay stabilization delay stabilization circuitry, overvoltage circuitry, overvoltage protection and snubbing protection and snubbing networksnetworks
Switch designed to Switch designed to operate at full spec with operate at full spec with one failed sectionone failed section
Overcurrent protection Overcurrent protection with multiple with multiple threshold/delay setpointsthreshold/delay setpoints
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
12kV Marx Cell on Test Stand12kV Marx Cell on Test Stand
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Sparkdown Test Waveform Sparkdown Test Waveform Response to Hard Fault at CellResponse to Hard Fault at Cell
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Modulator Test ChamberModulator Test Chamber
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
Timing Control for Ground Timing Control for Ground StationStation
G.E. LeyhG.E. Leyh ILC Marx Prototype DevelopmentILC Marx Prototype Development 25 August 200625 August 2006
End Shield, 1End Shield, 1stst two Test two Test PositionsPositions