illegal and illicit drug use. what makes a drug illegal? illegal drugs schedule i and ii drugs...
TRANSCRIPT
What Makes a Drug Illegal?
Illegal Drugs
• Schedule I and II drugs• Possession of these drugs is
a felony offense under federal law
Illicit Drugs
• Drugs that are taken outside their regulated or medically prescribed use
• Illicit drug use is illegal
LSD“Acid”
How Taken Ingested, contact
Duration of Effect 6-10 hrs
Effects chills, anxiety, restlessness, tightness in muscles of face and throat, queasy stomach, tingling in the extremities, drowsiness, dilated pupils, rapid pulse, elevation in temp and blood pressure
colors are more vivid, sounds are louder, depth perception is confused, sensory crossover
effects are unpredictableWithdrawal None noted
Long-Term Health Problems prolonged psychotic reactions, worsening of pre-existing psychiatric illness, severe depression, and/or flashbacks
Psilocybin“Mushrooms”
How Taken Smoked, Injested, Injected
Duration of Effect 3-6hrs
Effects Yawning, restlessness, chills, weakness in the legs, stomach discomfort, nausea
Heightened visual imagery, sense of wanting to laugh
Withdrawal Fatigue
Long-Term Health Problems Psychotic reactionsExacerbations of pre-existing mental illness
PCP“Angel Dust”
How Taken Ingested, smoked, snorted, injected
Duration of Effect 8 hrs
Effects Loss of pain sensation, slurred speech, numbness, depression, muscle rigidity, lack of coordination, combative behavior, distorted mental images, hallucinations
Withdrawal Depression, anxiety, irritability, excessive sleep, craving for PCP
Long-Term Health Effects Auditory and visual hallucinations, flashbacks, possible spasms in arteries of brain
MarijuanaHow Taken Ingested, smoked, inhaled
Duration of Effect 2-4 hrs
Effects euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, and disorientation, dry mouth, dizziness, heightened visual and auditory awareness, concentration, learning, perception, and fine muscle skills are impaired
Withdrawal Insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, restlessness, irritability, depression, anxiety, salivation, sweating ,tremors
Long-Term Health Problems Lung disease, weakened immune system, impairment of memory, schizophrenia, mental illness
AmphetaminesHow Taken Injected, smoked, snorted,
injestedDuration Effect 2-8 hours
Physical Danger High
Addiction Potential High
Commonly Abused Amphetamines
Amphetamine Adderall, Speed
Methamphetamine Meth
Dextromethamphetamine Ice
Methylphenidate Ritalin
CocaineHow Taken: Powder: Crack: Freebase:
Ingested, snorted, injected, appliedSmoked, injectedSmoked
Duration of Effect 1-2 hours
Effects increased alertness, excitation, feeling of confidence and well-being, increased pulse rate, increased bp, insomnia, loss of appetite
Withdrawal Fatigue, depression, apathy, irritability, disorientation, lethargy, muscular aches, abdominal pain, chills, tremors, exhaustion, decreased consciousness
Long-Term Health Effects Severe depression, irritability, chest congestion, paranoia, loss of sexual desire, memory lapses, chronic cough, violent behavior, suicide attempts, seizures, stomach ulcers, damage to intestines, cocaine nose, pulmonary edema, inflammation of the heart, rupture of the aorta, myocardial fibrosis, heart attack, spastic jerks
Cocaine• 2-3% of women who give birth have used cocaine during their
pregnancy• Cocaine babies are born prematurely, jittery, cranky, and
sensitive to stimuli. Some have strokes before they are born and use can cause separation of the placenta from the uterus, which cuts of the babies blood supply
• Cocaine paranoia has led people to bleed to death in the attempt to escape an imagined infestation
• When rats and monkeys are trained to press a lever to deliver an intravenous dose of cocaine, they press it up to 300x to get a single injection. If they are given free access, they take it until they collapse into convulsions.
MDMA“Ecstasy”
How Taken Ingested, snorted, injected
Duration of Effect 3-6 hrs
Effects increases levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, elevated mood with a feeling of euphoria, intimacy, closeness to others, loss of appetite, rapid heart rate, teeth grinding, dilated pupils, sweating, sudden death
Withdrawal Tired, uncaring, miserable, increase in stress, muscular aches, abdominal pain, chills, tremors, deep depression, lack of energy, suicidal feelings
Long-Term Health Effects Panic attacks, paranoid psychotic symptoms, irreversible effect on brain functioning, destroy nerve terminal that releases serotonin
OpiatesHow Taken Ingested, smoked, snorted, injected
Duration of Effect 2-6 hrs
Effects Euphoria, physical, mental relaxation, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, dull facial appearance, ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid), nausea, vasodilation, slurred speech, impaired attention, impaired memory, nod, mental dullness, impaired judgement, impaired social function, overall confusion, itching, skin rash
Withdrawal Flu-like symptoms, watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, sweating, loss of sppetite, tremors, panic, muscle cramp, restless legs, nausea, vomiting diarrhea, fever, chills, extreme insomnia, dysphoria
Long-Term Health Effects Impotence, constipation, risk of potency and purity, risky behaviors of drug addiction
GHB“Liquid Ecstasy”
How Taken Ingested
Duration of Effect 2-6 hrs
Effects CNS depression, extreme slowing of the heart, and slow, deep respiration, blurred vision, dizziness, stumbling, respiratory failure, coma, and death, Burning of the lips, abnormally low body temperature, nausea and vomiting
Withdrawal Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, vomiting, incontinence, trouble breathing, temporary amnesia, seizures, uncontrollable shaking
Long-Term Effects Not enough long-term studies
Flunitrazepan“Roofies”
How Taken Ingested, snorted
Duration of Effect 6-12hrs
Effects Decreased blood pressure, memory impairment, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, confusion, severe intoxication, sedation, memory loss
Withdrawal Headache, muscle pain, extreme anxiety, tension, restlessness, confusion, irritability, numbness in limbs, feeling of loss of identity, hallucinations, deliriums, seizures, shock, heart failure
Long-Term Health Effects Impaired mental functioning, depression, physical dependence
Schedule I vs. Schedule II Substances
Schedule I
• High abuse potential with no accepted medical use.
• May not be prescribed• Ex.: Heroin, marijuana,
LSD
Schedule II• High abuse potential
but also an accepted medical use
• May be prescribed with stringent regulations
• Ex.: Morphine, cocaine, amphetamines, and barbituates
Legal Issues1st Offense for manufacturing, selling, distributing, giving or possessing with
the intent to manufacture, sell, give or distribute (Va. Code Ann. at 18.2-248 and 18.2-11) Schedule I and II drugs, and transporting into Virginia one
or more ounces of cocaine and five or more pounds of marijuana with intent to sell or distribute: not less than five years nor more than 40 years;
fine not more than $500,000.
Possession of a schedule I or II drug: not less than one year nor more than 10 years; or, in some cases, up to 12 months and fine of $2,500. Class 5
Felony.