illinois state museumdickson mounds can archaeology inform wetland restoration and management? a...
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Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management?Restoration and Management?
A Case Study from EmiquonA Case Study from Emiquon
Michael D. Wiant, Terrance J. Martin, Bonnie W. StylesMichael D. Wiant, Terrance J. Martin, Bonnie W. Styles
Illinois State MuseumIllinois State Museum
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Illinois State Museum—Dickson MoundsIllinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Morton Site ExcavationMorton Site Excavation
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Discovery & RecoveryDiscovery & Recoveryof Plant & Animal Remainsof Plant & Animal Remains
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Morton SiteMorton SiteFeature 224Feature 224
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Morton SiteMorton SiteFeature 224Feature 224
Animal RemainsAnimal Remains
• Birds: wild turkey, large Birds: wild turkey, large duck, small duck, great duck, small duck, great blue heronblue heron
• Turtles: large slider, variety Turtles: large slider, variety of pond turtles, snapping of pond turtles, snapping turtle, large softshellturtle, large softshell
• Mammals: white-tailed Mammals: white-tailed deer, beaver, raccoon, deer, beaver, raccoon, muskrat, fox squirrel, elkmuskrat, fox squirrel, elk
• Fish: bowfin, black bass and Fish: bowfin, black bass and sunfish, channel catfish and sunfish, channel catfish and bullheads, northern pike, bullheads, northern pike, redhorse sucker, garredhorse sucker, gar
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
CanCan Archaeology Inform Wetland Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management?Restoration and Management?
• ConsiderationsConsiderations– Availability of contemporary and/or historical dataAvailability of contemporary and/or historical data– Historical data vis a vis the timing of system-alteringHistorical data vis a vis the timing of system-altering
transformationstransformations
Forbes & Richardson 1908
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management?Restoration and Management?
• ConsiderationsConsiderations– Preservation (Natural)Preservation (Natural)– Sampling (Archaeological method)Sampling (Archaeological method)– Recovery (Archaeological method)Recovery (Archaeological method)– Duration & Frequency of occupation (Indigenous culture – Duration & Frequency of occupation (Indigenous culture –
Archaeological method)Archaeological method)– Technology (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method)Technology (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method)– Habitat target (Indigenous culture – Archaeological Habitat target (Indigenous culture – Archaeological
method)method)– Selection (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method)Selection (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method)– Processing (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method)Processing (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method)– Cultural change (Evolution)Cultural change (Evolution)– Natural change (Nature)Natural change (Nature)
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Selected Archaeological Sites in Selected Archaeological Sites in the Illinois River Valleythe Illinois River Valley
Koster
Newbridge
Liverpool Lake
Rench
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Sturg
eon
Bigmo
uth b
uffalo
Black/sm
allmo
uth b
uffalo
Bu
ffalo
Buffa
lo/ca
rpsu
cker
Carp
suck
er
River re
dhorse
Silve
r red
horse
Black re
dhorse
Golde
n red
horse
Shor
thea
d red
horse
Redh
orse
White
suck
erNo
rther
n Hog
sucker
Inde
term
inate su
cker
Blue s
ucke
rCh
ubsu
ckers
Black bu
llhea
dBr
own b
ullhe
adYe
llow
bullh
ead
Bullh
ead
Chan
nel c
atfis
hBlu
e catfis
hCh
anne
l/blue
catfi
shCa
tfish
Flathea
d catfis
hMa
dtom
Stone
cat
Tadp
ole m
adtom
Inde
term
inate ca
tfish
Larg
emou
th ba
ssSm
allmo
uth b
ass
Bass
Blueg
illPu
mpkin
seed
/Red
ear s
unfis
hOr
ange
spotted s
unfis
hGr
een s
unfis
hSu
nfish
Rock
bass
Stripe
d bas
sWh
ite cr
appie
Black cr
appie
Crap
pieInde
term
inate su
nfish
Yello
w pe
rchMi
nnow
Shine
rBo
wfin
Long
nose
gar
Shor
tnos
e gar
Spotted g
ar Gar
Padd
lefish
Fres
hwater dr
umGr
ass p
ickerel
North
ern p
ike Pike
Gizz
ard s
had
White
/yell
ow ba
ssSa
uger/w
alley
e
Liverpool LakeRenchNewbridgeKoster XI
Nominal Data for Fish AssemblagesNominal Data for Fish Assemblages::Koster XI (8000bp), Newbridge (1500bp), Rench (1500bp), & Koster XI (8000bp), Newbridge (1500bp), Rench (1500bp), &
Liverpool Lake (1100bp)Liverpool Lake (1100bp)
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Sturg
eon
Bigmo
uth b
uffalo
Black/sm
allmo
uth b
uffalo
Bu
ffalo
Buffa
lo/ca
rpsu
cker
Carp
suck
er
River re
dhorse
Silve
r red
horse
Black re
dhorse
Golde
n red
horse
Shor
thea
d red
horse
Redh
orse
White
suck
erNo
rther
n Hog
sucker
Inde
term
inate su
cker
Blue s
ucke
rCh
ubsu
ckers
Black bu
llhea
dBr
own b
ullhe
adYe
llow
bullh
ead
Bullh
ead
Chan
nel c
atfis
hBlu
e catfis
hCh
anne
l/blue
catfi
shCa
tfish
Flathea
d catfis
hMa
dtom
Stone
cat
Tadp
ole m
adtom
Inde
term
inate ca
tfish
Larg
emou
th ba
ssSm
allmo
uth b
ass
Bass
Blueg
illPu
mpkin
seed
/Red
ear s
unfis
hOr
ange
spotted s
unfis
hGr
een s
unfis
hSu
nfish
Rock
bass
Stripe
d bas
sWh
ite cr
appie
Black cr
appie
Crap
pieInde
term
inate su
nfish
Yello
w pe
rchMi
nnow
Shine
rBo
wfin
Long
nose
gar
Shor
tnos
e gar
Spotted g
ar Gar
Padd
lefish
Fres
hwater dr
umGr
ass p
ickerel
North
ern p
ike Pike
Gizz
ard s
had
White
/yell
ow ba
ssSa
uger/w
alley
e
Liverpool LakeRenchNewbridgeKoster XI
Proportional data for Fish AssemblagesProportional data for Fish Assemblages::Koster XI (8000bp), Newbridge (1500bp), Rench (1500bp), & Koster XI (8000bp), Newbridge (1500bp), Rench (1500bp), &
Liverpool Lake (1100bp)Liverpool Lake (1100bp)
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Rank Based on Percent of MNIRank Based on Percent of MNI
Koster XI8000 bp
Newbridge1500 bp
Rench1500 bp
Liverpool Lake
1100 bp
Indeterminate catfish (50%) 1
Black bullhead (21%) 1
Freshwater drum (15%) 1 Bowfin (22%) 1
Catfish (15%) 2 Sunfish (10%) 2Channel catfish/blue catfish (9%) 2
Brown bullhead (12%) 2
Minnow (9%) 3 Bowfin (10%) 3 Bowfin (8%) 3Largemouth bass (10%) 3
Indeterminate sucker (7%) 4
Yellow bullhead (10%) 4 Northern pike (5%) 4 Gar (9%) 4
Gar (6%) 5Channel catfish (9%) 5 Buffalo (5%) 5 Sunfish (5%) 5
Illinois State Museum—Dickson Mounds
Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management?Restoration and Management?
• ConclusionsConclusions– Nominally, the archaeologically recovered fish Nominally, the archaeologically recovered fish
assemblages provide general information about past assemblages provide general information about past ecosystemsecosystems
– Proportional data provides cultural and ecosystem Proportional data provides cultural and ecosystem information, but it is difficult to tease-out meaning, information, but it is difficult to tease-out meaning, respectivelyrespectively
– Archaeological data contributes valuable perspective on Archaeological data contributes valuable perspective on wetland restoration and management wetland restoration and management