Have you been to the mountain?

Did you know how mountains were formed?

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3. Realize

the importance of

mountain

formation

Sub-tasks:• 1. Distinguish

folding from faulting

• 2. Label the types of

faulting and folding

Discuss

how folding and faulting of rocks form mountains

Guide Card

•In order to understand the forces that act on the earth’s surface, we must study the movements of the solid part of the earth. This process of movement is called diastrophism. Two major types of slow structural deformations are folding and faulting. 

•Folding happens when rocks fold due to horizontal or vertical pressure.  They are shaped into an upward (called anticline) or a downward (called syncline), or they may overlap another fold.

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• Faults are fractures in the Earth's crust caused by forces acting on the crust due to slow rock movement within the mantle. Although faults can be vertical or horizontal, most faults are inclined at an angle.  The three types of faults are normal, reverse, and strike-slip.

•Normal faults occur when forces act in opposite directions and cause one side of the rock to move down. Reverse faults develop when pushing forces exist causing one block to be pushed up and over the other block. Strike-slip faults results to left or right movement of rocks.

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• Folds and faults have an economic importance. Anticlines are good sites for oil accumulation forming oil reservoirs while synclines suitable for depositing underground water.

• Faults represent a weak zone so they should be avoided or put in mind in any civil constructions. Also, faults as a weak zone are suitable for upward leakage of either lava forming sills or dykes or springs.

• With enough information you now

have in mind let’s do fun crosswords and word hunt before naming the kinds of mountain formations. Can you finish it in a few minutes?

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I’M ON TOP OF THE WORLDActivity Card

1.Answ

er the puzzle using the clues below

.2.

Look for these words in the w

ord hunt.

I’M ON TOP OF THE WORLDActivity Card

From the starting point below

make

a single path connecting each pictures to its

names.

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Effects of Folding

Regroup the words as effects of folding or effects of faulting. Write them on the appropriate boxes.

•danger for tall buildings (sky scrappers)•deposits groundwater•accumulation of oil•leakage of lava•weak zone

Effects of Faulting

Activity Card

Assessment Card I’M ON TOP OF THE WORLD

Question #1The bending of

rock without breaking is called

A. collisionB. foldingC. faulting

D. fracturing

Question #2An upward fold

in a layer of rock is called a(n)

A. anticlineB. fractureC. synclineD. dip-strike

Question #3Folding of rocks is most likely to happen when rocks undergo• A. tension

B. shearingC. compressionD. cooling

Question #4Where are rocks most

likely to break? A. in the upper mantle

B. deep in the crustC. in large monoclines

D. near the earth's surface

Question #5A break in a rock layer

which causes the adjacent rocks to slide

past each other is called a A. fracture

B. foldC. grabenD. Fault

I’M ON TOP OF THE WORLDEnrichment Card

1. Why do continental Plates move?

2. What is it meant by a continental plate?

3. What is the Richter scale?

4.Explain what it is meant by folding and

faulting?5. What is the

difference between magma and lava?

1. convection currents in the

mantle 2. Continental Plates are a

portion of one block of

Tectonic plates, which is not

submerged in water.

Otherwise it is called Oceanic Plates (Oceanic

Crust). 3. richter scale measures the

force or number of

waves in an earthquake

4. folding and faulting describes

how the continental

plates react when they collide

5.magma is found in the

mantle, beneath the earths crust. lava is magma once its been spat out of the

volcano.

Undecide

d

Question

I’M ON TOP OF THE WORLDAnswer Key

Effects of

Folding

accumulation of

oil

deposits groundwater

Regroup the words as effects of folding or effects of faulting. Write them on the appropriate boxes.• 1. b• 2. a• 3. c• 4. d• 5. d

Effects of

Faulting

weak zone

danger for tall

buildings (sky

scrappers)

leakage of lava

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