images from space: satellites and sensors...• first commercial high resolution sensor uses: •...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors
Credit: NASA
The A-Train Constellation: Near-simultaneous observations from multiple instruments
![Page 2: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
World’s longest running satellite data collection program
![Page 3: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Landsat Applications National Land Cover Database (NLCD)
Endless Possibilities • Habitat mapping • Mapping flood
plains • Wildfire impacts • Nearshore
bathymetry
• Watershed management
• Coral reef health • Invasive species monitoring
• Disaster management
• Agricultural insurance fraud
• Deforestation • Wildlife corridors • Impervious surfaces
• Mapping geologic landforms
• Cartographic mapping
• Renewable energy siting
And on and on. . .
![Page 4: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Part of the Copernicus Program - the European Union’s Earth Observation Program
• Several 2-satellite constellations are active or in development:
- Sentinel 1A/B
- Sentinel 2A/B
- Sentinel 3A/B
- Sentinel 4
- Sentinel 5
- Sentinel 6
Sentinel
![Page 5: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Satellite Constellation – Two or more satellites in complimentary orbital planes that work together as a system.
Satellite Constellation
GPS Satellite Constellation. 24 Satellites in 6 Orbital Planes RapidEye Constellation. 5 Satellites in 1 Orbital Plane
Benefits: • Redundant Sensor • Better temporal resolution (revist time)
![Page 6: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sentinel 1A/B
Credit: ESA
Instrument Swath Width Resolution
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 80km; 250km; 400km 5x5m; 5x20m; 25x100m
Launch: • April, 2014; April, 2016
Uses: • Radar imaging of sea ice, land movement and marine
environment; Sea surface winds; Wave height
Mission: • Radar imaging of land and
water
![Page 7: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sentinel 2A/B
Credit: ESA
Instrument Swath Width
Spatial Spectral Revisit
MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI)
290km 10m, 20m, 60m 13 Band 5 Days at equator
Uses: • Land cover change
• Spatial planning
• Global agriculture
• Forest/vegetation monitoring
• Flood mapping and risk assessment
Launch: • June, 2015; March, 2016
Mission: • Land monitoring with optical
imagery
![Page 8: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sentinel 3A/B
Credit: ESA
Instrument Swath Width
Spatial Spectral Revisit
OCLI 1,270km 300m 21 Bands < 2 days at
equator
SLSTR 1,420km 500m (VIS, SWIR); 1km (MWIR, TIR)
9 Band < 1 day at equator
Uses: • Land and Ocean color
• Global and regional land and surface temperature
• Pollution monitoring
Launch: • February, 2016; April, 2018
Mission: • Marine Observation
![Page 9: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sentinel 4 • Air quality trace gases and
aerosols
Sentinel 5
Sentinel 6
• Atmospheric measurements with high spatio-temporal resolution
• Radar altimeter to measure global sea surface height
![Page 10: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Commercial Satellites
Platform Spatial Spectral Revisit
Optical Sensor
Assembly (OSA)
0.8m Panchromatic
4m Multispectral
5 Bands 3 Days
INFO: • Launched September, 1999;
retired 2015 • First commercial high
resolution sensor
USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring
Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October, 1992. Enabled American companies to operate imaging satellites in space.
IKONOS-1, Washington DC, October, 1999
IKONOS-1
![Page 11: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Commercial Satellites
SPOT - Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre
Platform Spatial Spectral Revisit
SPOT 6 & 7
1.5m Panchromatic
6m Multispectral
5 Bands Daily
INFO: • SPOT 1 launched February, 1986
- 10-20m resolution
• SPOT 7 launched June, 2014
• Another pioneer of commercial satellite market
‐ Can collect stereo pairs using scenes form adjacent paths
USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring
SPOT 7 Image, Fiji
![Page 12: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Commercial Satellites WorldView-3
INFO: • Launched August, 2014
• First multi-payload, super spectral, high-resolution commercial satellite
USES: • Base maps
• Agriculture
• Environmental monitoring
• Mining
Platform Spatial Spectral Revisit
WorldView-3
0.31m Panchromatic; 1.2m Multispectral;
3.7m SWIR; 30m CAVIS
1 Panchromatic 8 multispectral
8 SWIR 12 CAVIS
1 day
Credit: Digital Globe, WV-3. U.S. Capitol 30cm
![Page 13: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Commercial Satellites
Satellite Swath Width
Spatial Bands Revisit
QuickBird, 2001 16.8km 0.61m Pan; 2.62m MS 5 3.5 Days; Daily
Oblique
RapidEye, 2008 77km 5m 5 5.5 Days Nadir; Daily Oblique
GeoEye-1, 2008 15.2km 0.4m Pan; 1.65m MS 5 3 Days; Varies
Oblique
Pleiades-1A/B, 2011 20km 0.5m Pan; 2m MS 5 Daily
Many Others:
• Resolutions and revisit times continue to improve
• Public/Private partnerships
• Large image archives still available for decommissioned satellites
![Page 14: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Commercial Satellites
CubeSat
• Design proposed 1999 by researchers from CA Polytechnic State U. and Stamford U.
• Satellite are composed of blocks 10cm x 10cm x 11.5cm with each cube weighing no more than 1.3kg (1U 6U)
• Often built with off-the-shelf electronic components and processors
• Often launched as “multiples”
Design standards reduce research and deployment costs .
First launched in 2003, there were over 900 deployed in orbit by Jan., 2019
![Page 15: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Commercial Satellites
SkySat
• Based on CubeSat concept, but scaled up to about the size of a small fridge
• 15 satellites deployed.
• 0.7m Pan; 1m MS
• 5 Band
• Can capture Pan video 30-120 sec.
Credit: SkySat. Tripoli, Libya
![Page 16: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Commercial Satellites
PlanetScope
• Based on CubeSat concept - 3U sizing
• 200+ individual “doves” deployed as a series of “flocks”
• 3.7m; 4 Band; Daily revisit
Watching a Satellite Deploy: https://www.planet.com/pulse/whats-it-like-to-watch-a-satellite-deploy/
![Page 17: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Instrument Spatial Spectral
CZCS 0.8km 6 Band
SeaWiFS 1.1km 8 Band
Marine Sensors
SeaWiFS – Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor
INFO: • 1997 – 2010 • Expanded on CZCS • Sensor could be tilted to avoid glint over
equatorial regions
USES: • Global ocean biologic ocean data
CZCS – Coastal Zone Color Scanner
INFO: • 1978 – 1986 • Beginning of Ocean color imagery
USES: • Chlorophyll concentration; Sediment distribution;
Salinity; Temperature; Ocean currents
SeaWiFS
SeaWiFS Chlorophyll Concentration
![Page 18: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NASA’s Earth Observing System
Instrument Swath Width Spatial Spectral Revisit
MODIS 2,330km 200m (bands 1-2); 500m (bands3-7);
1000m (bands 8-36) 36 Band 1-2 Days
Aqua Launch: • May, 2002 • Crosses Equator in PM
Terra Launch: • December, 1999 • Crosses equator in AM
Marine Sensors
![Page 19: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
VIIRS – Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
Launch: • October, 2011 • Rides on Suomi NPP
satellite
USES: • Designed to replace
aging MODIS sensors • Ocean color; Ocean/Land
temperature; Ice movement; Fires; Clouds and aerosols
Instrument Swath Width
Spatial Spectral Revisit
VIIRS 3,060km 375m (6 I-Bands);
750m (16 M-Bands) 22 Band 16 Days
Marine Sensors
NASA. Suomi NPP
![Page 20: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Accessing Imagery: Commercial Satellite Vendors and Resellers
Dozens of Options: - Satellite Imaging
Corporation
- Harris Geospatial
- LANDinfo
• As a buyer you will be responsible for defining all parameters of the imagery you need – AOI; cloud coverage; timeframe; etc.
• In addition to the area covered, cost will often depend on whether the imagery exists in the archive or if new tasking is required.
![Page 21: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Temporal Requirements?
SST, 4µ Night, Daily SST, 4µ Night, 8-Day SST, 4µ Night, Monthly
SST, 4µ Night, Monthly Climatology (2002-2018)
Climatology = Composite/Summary/Average over specified timeframe
• Project needs will determine choice and level of processing needed
![Page 22: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Data Pre-Processing?
![Page 23: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Level 1&2 Browser
![Page 25: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
USGS Earth Explorer
https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
![Page 26: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Image Access: USGS LandsatLook Viewer
https://landlook.usgs.gov/viewer.html • Access Landsat and Sentinel-2 images
![Page 27: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Image Access: Sentinel
https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/#/home
![Page 28: Images from Space: Satellites and Sensors...• First commercial high resolution sensor USES: • Base maps • Environmental monitoring Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – October,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042304/5ecf1a4198305a618e1e5106/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Resources
50 Satellites you need to know: Earth Satellite List https://gisgeography.com/earth-satellite-list/
NASA Ocean Color https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/
USGS Earth Explorer https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
USGS Landsat Look https://landlook.usgs.gov/viewer.html
Copernicus Open Access Hub https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/#/home