imagine the toughest animal

7/24/2019 Imagine the Toughest Animal

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Imagine the ToughestAnimal


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And imagine what would that animaldo,

in the most Inhospitable

Environment


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Reproduction by egg


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This Animal can survive

fromTemperature from -27 !" to over#!"

$ressure from %acuum to &atm

'pace radiation over ()y

*ehydration originally from +(to (


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$anspermia .ypothesis

/eteorite stri0e 1 'eed3 of 4ife

$otential of life from anotherplanet56tremophiles li0e tardigrade

can adapt to e6traterrestrialenvironment


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'urvival 'trategy

"ryptobiosisAnhydrobiosis

CryobiosisAnoxybiosis

Osmobiosis


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*ehydrated to# of water

Reduced to# ofmetabolicactivity

8rom #, up to#( years oflifetime

Anhydrobiotic state 9Tun:


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; category of tolerance in

universe

# %acuum < 'pace Radiation

2 4ow Temperaturearound ;=

; .igh Temperaturewhen meteor stri0es the air


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'pace e>ects on tardigrades

Tardigrades survive

exposure to space inlow Earth orbit

-by = Ingemar ?onsson, 5l0e Rabbow, Ralph @'chill, /ats .arms-Ringdahl and $etra Rettberg


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'pace vacuum B%

radiation


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Tardigrade Resistance to SpaceEfects : First Results o

Experiments on the LIFET!RSE"ission on F#T#$"%&September '(()*

-by 4orena RebecchiTiCiana Altiero, Roberto)uidetti,/ichele "esari, Roberto Dertolani, /anuelaEegroni, and Angela / RiCCo;

'pace B% e>ects on

tardigrades


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"ontrol groups

8# Eaturally dehydrated using dry leaf litter, represents typical natural

habitat

82 56perimentally dehydrated undercontrolled conditions

8; .ydrated, with food source

/oist leaf litter 8F .ydrated, Eo food source

T"F "ontrol group on 5arth, e6posed in thelaboratory to the same temperature proGle


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'urvival rate from 'pace

%acuum


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'urvival from "old

Temperature+old tolerance inTardigrada rom,ronning "aud Land-

!ntarctica

by 4auritC 'omme TerJe/eier


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"ontrol groups

2 'amples used#Air dried dehydrated sample

2.ydrated sampleTemperature variation

# -2 !"2 -+ !"; -#+ !"


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'urvival from "old Temperature# - .ydrated Tardigrades

Temperature/time(

days)

Survival rate

-22C/185 ;;2-22C/235 ;#K(77-22C/283 2&2K(+&-22C/58 2;+KFF(

-

22C/18

!

-+L"M7 ;K#7-+L"M#F ;7+KF(

-+L"M2+ #&&K&+2-+L"M& #+K&;F-+L"M( (K7(+

-+L"M#( &KF(-

22C/2"

-#+L"M# K(&-#+L"M2


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'urvival from "old Temperature2 - *ehydrated Tardigrades

Temperature/time(

days)

Survival rate

-22C/#35 F#(K(F;

-22C/3!$! #FK(#;

-

22C/#!

5

-#+L"M 2+7K;7

-#+L"M2 ;F(K(2+

-#+L"M7 F2;K(+

-#+L"M#F 25%&$%#'


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'urvival from "old

TemperatureAdapts to physiological stress byentering cryptobiosis

high levels of non-reducingsugar trehalose, which protectsmembrane

Na6 covers the surface andhelps to reduce transpirationwater loss by evaporation


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'urvival from .igh

Temperature.igh/Temperature Tolerancein !nh0drobiotic Tardigrades

Is Limited b0 1lass Transition Dy ' .engherr, / R Norland,A Reuner, 8 DrPmmer, and R @ 'chill


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"ontrol )roups

*ehydrated F+ hours of ;; humidity

&!", 7(!", +!", !", (!", # hour

each 8or Milnesium tardigradum, do additional

e6periments at #!", ## !", #2 !", #;!", #F!", #(!", ##!"

Rest for ;mins and rehydrated 2 hours of no movement considered dead


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Thermophile

#+# - ##Q, Pyrodictium occultum

#7 - ##;Q, Pyrolobus fumarii

2; - #2#Q, 'train #2#

2+ - #22Q, Methanopyrus kandleri

'pecies collected from 2 Q habitatssurvived from over & Q - Thermophile


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.eat 'urvival /echanism

)lass TransitionTransition of a rubbery state into a brittle state by

cooling or compression

.eat analysis by DSC 9*i>erential 'canning'alorimetry:

/easures heat Sow di>erential from control

Transition of phase accompanies heat Sow 4owering point of di>erential heat Sow levelcorresponds to glass transition Temperature


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)lass TransitionTemperature of

tardigrades determinesma6imum temperaturethat it can survive

imagine the toughest animal

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