immigration steamboat
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Immigration1800-1860
Amy DealJacob Sorrells
Jill Price
Irish Immigration• PUSH
– Overcrowded population due to the Napoleonic Wars
– Poverty stricken– The potato famine of 1845
• PULL– Better quality of life– Job opportunities– Political and Religious freedom
• NEW LIFE– The Irish mostly immigrated to New
England– They were poor and settled for low
paying jobs (Molly Maguire's)– Almost 3.5 million Irish men and
women entered the U.S. between 1820 and 1880
German Immigration• PUSH – Unsuccessful German revolution of 1848– Economic troubles– Political disorder
• PULL– Want for a better life– Attractions of land– Religious freedom
• NEW LIFE– Mainly moved to New York and Chicago– Represented their culture by opening a German Theater
in Chicago– In 10 years approximately 1 million Germans came to the
U.S.
Nativists• Nativism: policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of
immigrants.• During the surge of Irish Immigration from 1830-1850, American born citizens began
to feel intruded upon and disapproved of immigration.• Blamed new immigrants for taking jobs and ruining the economy.• On July 1844, riots broke out in Philadelphia against the Irish. Nativists burned 2
Catholic Churches and a Catholic School. 20 people were killed.
The “Know Nothings”• BIRTH
– Nativists banned together to create non-immigration groups (i.e. The American Republic Party and Nativists Party, Order of the United Americans, and the Order of Star Spangled Banner)
– They all combined to form the “American Party,” or the “Know-Nothings” in 1849.
– Members of the Know-Nothings did not publicly reveal themselves, and when they were questioned about the group, they had to respond by saying “I know nothing.” (Hence the name.)
Know-Nothings (cont.)• POLITICAL
– Propaganda labeled the American Party as “Uncle Sam’s youngest son, Citizen Know Nothing.”
– President Lincoln disliked them (1855)– They wanted to create a law saying that
immigrants had to live here for 25 years to become a citizen.
– Led by James W. Barker of NY– In 1856, Know-Nothing Millard Fillmore ran for
president but was beaten after a campaign disaster.
Know-Nothings
• PERSECUTION– Claimed that Roman Catholic Priests were “unholy” by having unmarried intercourse, using confession as blackmail, and taking advantage of nuns.– Knowing the Irish drank a lot, they enacted the Intemperate Tax; which was a tax on alcohol.
• ENDING– In the mid 1850’s, they came out saying they were pro-slavery, even when their base of operations was in
New England.– By 1860, they fractured.– James W. Barker claimed on leaving in 1850 after the pro-slavery announcement, and put his support behind
anti-slavery president Abe Lincoln.
Federal Immigration Records• The Federal Immigration records begin in 1820.• Traveling conditions were horrible, so the Steerage Act was made on March 2, 1819.
It went into effect on January 1, 1820.• The Steerage Act was to ensure safety and well being of immigrants. It specifically
limited the amount of people boarding ships to two people per five tons of ship burthen. It also called for the ships to have provisions for the immigrants. All in all, it regulated immigration into the US until it was replaced by the Immigration Act of 1882.
Chinese Immigration• They were the first Asian immigrants to
enter the US.• During the mid 1800's, many Chinese came
to the US due to the California Gold Rush.• Their population began to fall due to the
Chinese Exclusion Act, Imbalanced male to female ratio, and thousands returning to China.
• The Chinese didn't usually mine for gold, but took on jobs like cooks and storekeepers.
• Many Chinese immigrants later took on the job of building railroads.
• Later on in the 1800's, the Naturalization Act and the Chinese Exclusion Act limited the amount of Chinese immigrants and made them ineligible for citizenship until the 1940's.
Work Cited• http://www.shuntington.k12.ny.us/schools/middle/Scheiber/EighthGradeWebPage/
PushAndPullFactors.html
• http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/German.html
• http://blogs.archives.gov/blog/2010/07/02/family-tree-friday-why-do-immigration-records-start-in-1820/
• library.thinkquest.org/20619.Chinese.html
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=The+know+Nothings&view=detail&id=441D93D6F3862CF8CBC6E228D2E1680B94434204&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chinese+immigration&view=detail&id=7151618B88E627EE3AEA3EDB10E62888E3A89D14&first=61&FORM=IDFRIR