immune meds
TRANSCRIPT
8/7/2019 Immune meds
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IMMUNOLOGIC MEDICATIONS
Dr. Madu
PHARMACOLOGY
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PYRAMID POINTS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y Toxic effects associated with immunologic medications
y Nursing considerations related to the administration of
immunologic medications
yMonitoring laboratory test results related to immunologicmedications
y Client education related to the administration of prescribed
medication
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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y SULFASALAZINE (AZULFIDINE)
y Used to treat toxoplasmosis or nocardiasis
y Administered orally
y Can cause renal toxicity
y Suppresses bone marrow function
y Increases photosensitivity
y Monitor urine output and complete blood count (CBC)
y Monitor the client for sore throat, pallor, purpura, jaundice, and
weaknessy Encourage fluid intake
y Advise the client to avoid the sun
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ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICATIONS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE (PENTAM-300)
y Used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
y Administered by intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) route
y
Can cause nephrotoxicityy Monitor blood pressure and heart rate (may cause hypotension)
y Monitor for hypoglycemia
y Is hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive
y
Monitor liver function tests and CBC
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ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICATIONS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL)
y Used to treat cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis
y Administered orally or by the IV route
y
Administer with food or milky Monitor for dry mouth, dizziness, or fungal infection
y Instruct the client to avoid alcohol during treatment
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ANTIFUNGAL MEDICATIONS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y KETOCONAZOLE (NIZORAL)
y Used in the treatment of candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, or
histoplasmosis
y Administered orally
y Administer with food or milk
y Instruct the client to avoid antacids for 2 hours after taking the
medication because gastric acid is needed to activate the medication
y Is hepatotoxic
y
Monitor hepatic functiony Instruct the client to avoid sun because the medication increases
photosensitivity
y Instruct the client to avoid alcohol during treatment
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ANTIFUNGAL MEDICATIONS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y FLUCONAZOLE (DIFLUCAN)
y Used to treat candidiasis
y Administered orally
y
Is hepatotoxicy Monitor for abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea
y Monitor hepatic function
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ANTIFUNGAL MEDICATIONS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y AMPHOTERICIN B (FUNGIZONE)
y Used to treat candidiasis and other fungal infections
y Administered by the intravenous route
y
Is nephrotoxicy Can cause thrombophlebitis
y Suppresses bone marrow function
y Monitor renal function
y
Monitor infusion sitey Monitor CBC
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y GANCICLOVIR (CYTOVENE)
y Used to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis
y Administered orally or by the intravenous route
y
Suppresses bone marrow functiony Monitor neutrophil and platelet count
y Administer with food
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y ACYCLOVIR (ZOVIRAX)
y Used to treat herpes simplex, herpes zoster, or varicella zoster
y May be administered orally or by the intravenous route
y
Is nephrotoxicy Monitor renal function
y Encourage fluid intake
y Is irritating to a blood vessel when administered by the IV route
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y FOSCARNET (FOSCAVIR)
y Used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in human
immunodeficiency (HIV) infected clients
y Administered by the IV route
y Is nephrotoxic
y Monitor renal function
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y ZIDOVUDINE (RETROVIR, AZT)
y Antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
y Indicated for clients with HIV seropositivity
y
Administered orallyy Suppresses bone marrow function
y Is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic
y Monitor CBC and hepatic and renal function
y
Monitor for dizziness because the medication crosses the blood-brain barrier
y Instruct the client that medication must be administered around
the clock
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y DIDANOSINE (VIDEX)
y Antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
y Indicated for clients with HIV seropositivity
y
Administered orallyy Administer on an empty stomach to enhance absorption
y Instruct the client to chew tablet or crush
y Monitor for dizziness, neuropathy, and pancreatitis
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y LAMIVUDINE (EPIVIR)
y Antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
y Indicated for clients with HIV seropositivity
y
Used as prophylaxis for occupational exposurey Administered orally
y Can cause severe pancreatitis
y Instruct the client to avoid fatty foods
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y SAQUINAVIR (INVIRASE)
y Antiretroviral (protease inhibitor)
y Used in combination with other antiretroviral medications in
the management of HIV infection
y Administered orally
y Administered with meals
y Is best absorbed if the client consumes high-calorie, high-fat
meals
y It can cause photosensitivity and the client is instructed to avoid
sun exposure
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y RITONAVIR (NORVIR)
y Antiretroviral (protease inhibitor)
y Used in combination with other antiretroviral medications in
the management of HIV infection
y Administered orally
y Administered 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals because it is
best absorbed in a fasting state
y Can increase triglyceride levels
y Monitor triglyceride levels
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y STAVUDINE (D4T, ZERIT)
y Antiretroviral (protease inhibitor)
y Used in the management of HIV infection in clients who do not
respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy
y Administered orally
y Can cause peripheral neuropathy
y Monitor the client·s gait
y Ask the client about paresthesias
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ANTIVIRALS
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y ZALCITABINE (DDC)
y Antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
y Used in the management of HIV infection with other
antiretrovirals such as AZT because of the synergistic effect
y It has also been used as a single agent in clients who are
intolerant of or who progress on other regimens
y Administered orally (with AZT)
y Can cause serious liver damage
y Monitor liver function studies
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DAPSONE (DDS)
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y Antifungal, anti-infective, antiprotozoal
y Used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis
y Administered orally
y Suppresses bone marrow activity
y Can cause anemia, peripheral motor weakness, and liver
damage
y Monitor the CBC
y Monitor for fever, sore throat, purpura, or jaundice
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PYRIMETHAMINE (DARAPRIM)
PHARMACOLOGY:
Immunologic Medications
y Antimalarial and antiprotozoal
y Used in the treatment of toxoplasmosis or Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia
y Administered orally
y Supresses bone marrow function
y Monitor CBC and platelet count
y Administer with food or milk