immune system
TRANSCRIPT
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IMMUNE SYSTEM
HALA OMAR AL-WASEMMONIRA N. AL-DABBOUS
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IMMUNE SYSTEMThe immune system, which is made up
of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs, defends people against
germs and microorganisms every day. In most cases, the immune
system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing
infections. But sometimes problems with the immune system can lead to
illness and infection.
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IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION :
The main function of the immune system is defense
against diseases ( microbial infection )
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IMMUNE SYSTEM ORGANS
• Lymphatic vessels
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Lymph nodes
• Tonsils
• Bone narrow
• Appendix
• Skin
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LYMPHATIC VESSELS
Transport lymph to the immune system organs and into the
blood stream
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THYMUSIs responsible for direction and the
maturation of immature thymocytes into T-cells
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SPLEEN
Filters the blood and destroy old blood
vessels
SPLEEN
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LYMPH NODES Filter the lymph and the antigens out of the lymph
if it collected in
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SKIN
It provides natural immunity by providing a barrier that keeps
out harmful materials
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TONSILS
Destroy bacteria and germs that we swallow
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BONE MARROW
Produce the blood cells and most immune cells which
called stem cells
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APPENDIX
The cells in it protect us from the good bacteria
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS• The cells involved are white
blood cells, or leukocytes, which come in two basic types that
combine to seek out and destroy disease-causing organisms or
substances.
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LEUKOCYTESLeukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. For this reason, they're called the lymphoid organs. lymph
nodes, that house the leukocytes. They circulate through the body between the organs and lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. In this way, the immune system
works in a coordinated manner to monitor the body for germs or substances that might
cause problems.
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THE 2 BASIC PARTS OF LEUKOYCYTES
Phagocytes, cells that chew up invading organisms
Lymphocytes, cells that allow the body to remember and recognize
previous invaders and help the body destroy them
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NEUTROPHIL
Another type of cells that are involved in the
immune system which fights bacteria and it
actually considered as phagocytes
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THE 3 DEFENSE SYSTEM
T Cells
Macrophage cells
B Cells
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T-CELLSA T-cell is a type of blood cell. T-cells belong to a group of white blood cells
(WBCs) called lymphocytes. WBCs protect the body from infection.
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B-CELLSA type of white blood cell called
“lymphocyte”. They mature into plasma cells that produce antibodies (proteins) to fight
off infections
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MACROPHAGE CELLS
Is a type of white blood cells remove bacteria that can build up in the
lungs and cause infection.
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COMPLEMENTThey are a group of proteins
that are also part of the immune system. Complement
assists in killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells.
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IMMUNITYHumans have three types of
immunity
INNATE
ADAPTIVE
PASSIVE
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INNATE
Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type
of general protection.
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ADAPTIVE
The second kind of protection is adaptive (or active) immunity, which develops throughout our
lives. Adaptive immunity involves the lymphocytes and develops as people are exposed to diseases or
immunized against diseases through vaccination.
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PASSIVE Passive immunity is "borrowed" from another source and it lasts for a short
time. For example, antibodies in a mother's breast milk provide a baby with temporary immunity to diseases
the mother has been exposed to. This can help protect the baby
against infection during the early years of childhood.
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DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Asthma, a respiratory disorder that can cause breathing problems, frequently involves an allergic response by the
lungs. If the lungs are oversensitive to certain allergens (like pollen, molds, animal dander, or dust mites), it can
trigger breathing tubes in the lungs to become narrowed, leading to reduced airflow and making it hard for a person
to breathe.
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Eczema is an itchy rash also known as atopic dermatitis. Although atopic
dermatitis is not necessarily caused by an allergic reaction, it more often occurs in kids and teens who have allergies, hay fever, or asthma or
who have a family history of these conditions.
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Everyone's immune system is different. Some people never seem to get infections,
whereas others seem to be sick all the time. As people get older, they usually become immune to more germs as the immune
system comes into contact with more and more of them. That's why adults and teens tend to get fewer colds than kids — their
bodies have learned to recognize and immediately attack many of the viruses that
cause colds.