immune system[1]

8/14/2019 Immune System[1]

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Immune system


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Skin

Provides nonspecific

defense against

infection.

Epidermis

Dermis


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Bacteria & Viruses

Important differences between

bacteria and viruses with

respect for their requirement

for growth and replication. Body has different responses

to bacteria and viruses.

Treatment for bacteria is

completely different than that

for viruses.


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Virus

Tiny particlecontaining geneticmaterial

Invades anddestroys cells

Body produces

Interferon Treated with an

antiviral drug


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Bacteria

Single-celled living

organism

Breaks down tissues

for food or releases

toxins.

Inflammatory response

Treated with antibiotic

drugs.


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Antibodies

B Cells: rapidly divideresulting in large numbers ofB cells that recognize theantigen.

Some B Cells release moreantibodies which are thencarried in the blood andlymph to the tissues.

Antibodies bind to specificantigens.

Science Daily
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/09/060920191637.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/09/060920191637.htm


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Antibody structure

Each antibody has aspecific site to bind tothe antigen.

Once the antigen isbound to the antibody itis harmless.

Pathogen + antibody

can attract _______which eat up thestructure.


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Immunity

After an individual has beenexposed to a pathogen, andproduces antibodies to it, someB cells remember how toproduce the antibodies.

This reduces the risk ofsuccumbing to the pathogenagain in the future.

The ability to resist a pathogenis called immunity: passive(natural) and active immunity


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Vaccination

Immunity can be acquired by

vaccination

Injection of a weakenedpathogen into an organism to

create immunity.

The pathogen is too weak tocreate disease, but the

antigens present stimulate an

immune response.


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Cells of the Immune System

Phagocytes

B Cells

(lymphocytes)

T Cells

(lymphocytes)
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Lymphocytes

B-Cells

B cells produce

antibodies against

antigens in the bodilyfluids: humoral

immunity

T-Cells

T-cells provide

defenses against

antigens in cells suchas HIV and cancer:

cell-mediated immunity


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HIV/AIDS

Humanimmunodeficiencydisease: HIV Virus

Destroys helper T cells

Immune system isdestroyed

First discovered when

patients were dyingfrom harmlessorganisms.

Acquired Immunedeficiency syndrome:AIDS Disease named by

doctors in L.A.

1983

Because it attacks cellsof the immune system

it goes undetected See figure 40-15 pg.

1046


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Transmission of HIV

Any type of sexual intercoursewith an infected person

Sharing needles or syringe that

has been used by an infectedperson

Contact with blood or productsthat contact blood

From an infected mother to child,either during pregnancy or duringchildbirth, or breastfeeding.


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Treatment for AIDS/HIV?

No cure: HIV has evolved andmutated, evading elimination

3 month Window of infection

Education!

Retro-virals and vitamins

The HIV carrier rate in the U.S.

is now 1 carrier for every 100 to200 people.

More about HIV/AIDS
http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/aidswomen/AID_whatis.htmlhttp://www.ehealthmd.com/library/aidswomen/AID_whatis.html

immune system[1]

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