immuno- evolution: from innate to adaptive
TRANSCRIPT
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BBeing ADAPTIVELY immune- eing ADAPTIVELY immune- Where did it come from???Where did it come from??? BBeing ADAPTIVELY immune- eing ADAPTIVELY immune- Where did it come from???Where did it come from???
Sandeep Satapathy,Roll-10079
Sandeep Satapathy,Roll-10079
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Innate ImmunityNon pathogen specific Immune responseImmediate response
No memory of pathogenecity
Both in vertebrates and Lower Organisms.
Adaptive ImmunityPathogen specific
Immune response.
Delayed response .
Memory ofpathogenecity.
Only in Higher Organisms and Vertebrates.
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Hypothesis:
Results
Where did the adaptive
molecules come from?
How spontaneous is this
evolution?
Were there any precursor
cells,which were initially non-immune cells?
Mostly the adaptive immune molecules arose from the
innate molecules with few exception like C3,MHC,TdT.
Adaptive molecules evolved abruptly and
isolating their precursors is tedious.Molecules with
different alias/function
evolved partly to be immune molecules
while other retained their identity.
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Adaptive molecules/CellsB Cell Receptors (Ig)T Cell Receptors(TCR)
Major Histocompatibility
Complex (MHC)Recombination
activation Gene(RAG)Terminal dinucleotide transferases(TdT)
Complement System
C3,Factor B,Factor D-
Alternative CS-Innate
MASP-Lectin CS-Innate
C1,C4,C2-Classical-Adaptive
Innate Immune System-
Macrophages, NK cells, Nuetrophils,Eosinophils,
Dendritic Cells
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Ig(BCR) and TCR Evolution:
Ig and TCRs(have high structural similarity)- belong
to the Ig superfamily.
RAGS and TdTs- accommodate variability in these lymphocytic receptors- maximise antigenic
determinants recognition.
Direct ancestors of Igs and TCRs were similar to the Ig superfamily of NK cells in mammals-
Innate precursors in higher organisms.
Also precursors were similar to Ig superfamily of NITR family found in invertebrates and bony fish-
Innate precursors in lower organisms.
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Horizontal Gene Transfer
Precursor of RAG RAG-1&2
Precursor of TdT
TdTs
No distinct immune Function
Distinct lymphocytic receptor
recombination
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MHC Evolution: A short evolutionary dwell
Many diverse group of molecules (classical and non classical) with both innate and adaptive immune functions.These molecules dwindle for different
functions in very short evolutionary timescale.
MHC Class II molecules evolved first from precursors, like DM genes .
Precursor of MHC II
e.g DMInvolved in antigen
processing
MHC IIMainly act as chaperons for
antigen presentation.
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Complement Cascade Evolution:
Adaptive
Innate
Non-immune precursors(Alpha-2-
Macroglobulin-serine protease inhibitor)
(Alternative CS)
(Classical CS)
Lectin CS
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Conclusion:
Innate Immune molecules
Non-immune cells
Adaptive Immune system molecules
Dragged force Evolution with few functionally
divergent evolution and other function and pattern
retaining conserved evolution.
Co-evolution with higher structural similarity and functional polymorphism. Frequ
ent
Rare
Both in Lower and higher organisms.
Only vertebrates and higher organisms.
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Thank you all..........