IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE ON WILDLIFE

GROUP MEMBERS : GAGAN VASAN- 7057 YASH PRATAP 7058 MADHURESH 7059 SHIVANGI VIMAL- 5024 GULBASHA 5025 POOJA SHARMA 5026 KUNAL KASHYAP 6623 RAJA - 6624 JEEVAN DAS - 6625

INTRODUCTION

The main aim of making this project is to create awareness among the people living in the modern society that how our advanced technology deteriorating our natural beauty .

3079 animals and 2655 plants are Endangered worldwide as per latest report .

In this project we come to know how the species such as animals, plants and birds reach the line of extinction , what are the basic problems and what measures are taken by the government and by common people to protect these species from extinctions.

ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

The regions based on organisms physical and biological natural habitat are classified into ecosystems.

For example, pond ecosystem, evergreen ecosystem, etc.

They are dependent on the environment for their needs, are also dependent on each other especially for food. This results in the presence of food chains and food webs.

The food chains and other such interrelationships in the ecosystems create a balance in the environment that is called the ECOLOGICAL BALANCE .

ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE

Due to the growth of interaction between man and the environment over the last decades , depletion and degradation of natural environment bringing in a dangerous environmental imbalance in the man environment system known as ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE.

To avoid the ecological imbalance in nature, we should take following steps :

1. Social Equity and Peace 2. Appropriate Development 3. Conservation 4. Sustainable Development

ENDANGERED SPECIES

SPARROW

It is known by the name of state bird of Delhi which is going to be extinct from our world due to lack of nesting sites due to modern architecture of building, lack of seed food, insect food and proliferation of cell phone towers.

MAJOR PROBLEMS :ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS- Many toxic chemicals are now added continuously to the natural environment, either as pesticides, industrial effluents or combustion emission chemicals are now regarded as important agents of wildlife population declines.

FOOD AVAILABILITY- Food shortage can affect individuals directly, through causing breeding failure or starvation depend on the stage at which they occur, effects of food shortages can be seen through non-laying of eggs, small clutches, egg desertion, survival and a reduction in the number of nesting attempts.

DISEASE The infectious disease salmonella is common during winter and spring in free-living wild House sparrow.

LACK OF NEST SITES- A lack of holes suitable for nest sites on modern or renovated buildings has been proposed as a possible cause of the House Sparrow population decline.

MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO SAVE SPARROWS 1. DELHI CHEIF MINISTER SHEILA DIKSHIT NAMES HOUSE SPARROW AS STATE BIRD- launched a 'rise of the sparrows' campaign. "This will be India's largest conservation movement to save the sparrows," Dikshit said.

2. SAVE OUR SPARROWS -World Sparrow Day is celebrated on March 20. The rationale for celebrating World Sparrow Day to highlight the need to conserve sparrows as well as urban biodiversity.

TIGERThe tiger is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to 3.3 m and weighing up to 306 kg. Its most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish- orange fur with a lighter underside .

TIGER

Scientific name: Panthera Tigris Lifespan: 20 26 y (In captivity) Speed: 49 65 km/h (Adult, In Short Bursts) Height: 70 122 cm (At Shoulder, Adult) Lower classifications: Siberian Tiger, Caspian tiger Mass: 0.7 1.4 kg (Newborn), 65 167 kg (Female, Adult), 90 306 kg (Male, Adult) Length: 250 390 cm (Male, Adult), 200 275 cm (Female, Adult)

MAJOR PROBLEMS

1. HABITAT LOSS AND PREY DEPLETION -Tigers decline in numbers because of habitat loss and prey depletion rather than being killed directly. A tiger needs to eat about 50 deer-sized animals or 6,600 pounds of living prey every year.

2. ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE- According to Interpol $32 billion was the value of illegal wildlife trade in the world in 2011. In 2011 alone till October 48 tiger deaths were reported in India.

3. RUSH OF TOURISTS- Tourism is another factor for decline in tiger numbers. As the flow of tourists increases demand for more accommodation, roads, highways, electricity and water supply also increases. This results in cutting down of trees , restricting the free movement of animals from one forest area to another.

4. DEGRADATION OF HABITATS- The territory occupied by the tiger has declined more than 50 per cent during the last three generations . Government of India has declared it will resettle around 50,000 families from 762 villages in the core areas of 39 tiger reserves in the country, but the pace of the process is very slow. MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO SAVE TIGERS

1.SAVE OUR TIGER BY AIRCEL- It Is a Step which was introduced almost 4 decades ago to reduce the Poaching and killing of tigers. There Are only 1411 tigers left in India.2. LEAVE ME ALONE- Bittu Sahgal, founder of Sanctuary Asia, with 2.7 million supporters, have come together to save India's iconic national animal, the tiger to make clear to the public the crucial role the tiger plays in protecting forests.

POLYGALA IRREGULARIS
(MILKWORT)

Gujarat's commonly known Milkwort is an annual herb .

The plants are found at an altitude of 1000 meters.

The flowers are found in blue ,near white ,pink and white in color.

MAJOR PROBLEMS FOR MILKWORT :

1. POLLUTION-Industrial, agricultural and waste-based pollutants can have catastrophic effects on many species. In developing countries approximately 90% of wastewater is discharged, untreated, directly into waterways.

2. HABITAT DESTRUCTION- The human population was approximately 600,000 million in 1700. Just now it exceeds six billion, and low estimates are that it may reach 12 billion by 2100. The question is whether many ecological aspects of biological systems can be sustained under the pressure of such numbers.

3. GLOBAL WARMING- The continuous emmition of CO2 in the environment has rapidly increasing the problem of global warming . Duet to this most of the plants species die due to high temperature and low availability of water . 4. FOREST FRAGMENTATION -The fragmentation of forests is a general consequence of the haphazard logging and agricultural land conversion which is occurring everywhere, but especially in tropical forests.MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO SAVE MILKWORT : 1 . Ensuring lesser human and animal activities in milkwort rich areas .2. Planting the genetic seeds at other favorable places where environmental changes can't effect it's population. 3. Making similar genetic species which reacts strongly towards the common diseases.

CONCLUSION

To judiciously use the resources that are available in plenty and protect them from unsustainable development. Than only we can think of a ecologically balanced Ecosystem with a plenty of enhanced wildlife with respect to the current situation.

Also we have to increase awareness about the concept of sustainable development and ensure that people understand it's meaning.

Every individual has to make his actions eco-friendly. He should realize that because he is at the pinnacle of evolution and has more responsibility towards maintaining the environment.

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04/04/14

04/04/14