impact of flds by kvk

INDEX

S.No Particulars Page No.

1 Introduction 1-2

2 Results of FLDs on Oil Seeds & Pulses

a. Groundnut 3-8

b. Sunflower 9-12

c. Redgram 13-16

d. Bengalgram 17-20

3 Crop wise feed back 23-25

4 Success Stories

a. Groundnut 28-30

b.Redgram 30-32

5 Impact Studies

a. Bengalgram 32-39

b. Sunflower 40-45

STATUS AND IMPACT OF

FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS

OIL SEEDS & PULSES

2003-07

India is a major grower of oil seeds (area wise) in the world and also major importer

of oil seeds during mid 80s. This was due to low productivity, further there was heavy

demand for vegetable oil because of increased population. During 2007-08 India imported

vegetable oils of 63 lakh tones at the expense of huge valuable foreign exchange .Realising

the critical situation created by supply and demand of vegetable oils and heavy reliance on

imports, the Government of India has initiated Technology mission on oil seeds (TMO)

during VII plan period with four micro missions. The first micro mission was to transfer

improved technologies to the farmers through front line demonstrations (FLD) to fulfill the

nations need for increasing oil seeds production and productivity. Krishi Vigyan Kendras

became one of the stakeholder in responsibility of organizing the FLDs on oil seeds and

pulses in the farmers field. In Kurnool district Groundnut & Sunflower are the major oil seed

crops grown besides other oil seeds crops like Castor, Seasamum andSafflower. Groundnut

is the main oil seed crop in kharif.

DESCRIPTION OF AGRO CLIMATIC ZONE

Scarce rainfall zone of Rayalaseema region of A.P is one of the seven agro climatic zone of

the state characterized by a low, scanty and erratic rainfall due to which successful crop

production with good yields is unexpectable and dryland agriculture is predominant with

variety of rainfed crops in the zone. The scarce rainfall zone of Rayalaseema region occupies

an area of 47659s.q km constituting 17.4% of the states total geographical area. Apart from

parts of the district of Rayalaseema region and parts of Mahaboob Nagar district of

Telengana region, the whole of Kurnool district with 53 mandals falls with in the scarce

rainfall zone. This zone supports a total population of 60.15 lakhs and mainly agrarian in

character with about 38% of the geographical area under cultivation with 3/4th

of the

population depending upon agriculture.

1

Area and productivity oilseeds and pulses in the district:

OILSEEDS: Reference Year:2006-07

S.No CROP Area (ha) Productivity

(kg/ha)

1 Groundnut (Kharif) 187000 612

2 Groundnut (Rabi) 24000 1865

3 Castor 10000 502

4 Sunflower (Kharif) 77000 404

5 Sunflower (Rabi) 97000 838

PULSES

1 Redgram 33000 208

3 Bengalgram 218000 952

OBJECTIVES OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS

To create awareness among the farmers about the new varieties and production

technology of oil seeds

Motivating the farmers by demonstrating the latest technologies of oil seeds for

adoption in their field.

Training of field level extension functionaries and farmers in large number in the

latest technological know-how of and assisting them in scientific management of crop

through cost benefit analysis.

Developing suitable communication supported by publishing technical, extension

publications, discussion on radio, T.V farmers conventions and field days etc.

Getting feed back for refining the technologies.

The demonstrations belong to three different categories:

Whole (complete) package oriented demonstrated

Component technologies oriented demonstrations example improved

variety/hybrid seed, INM,IPM etc and

Cropping systems oriented demonstrations.

2

GROUNDNUT

Groundnut is the major oil seed crop in the district grown in an area of 1.87 lakh ha.

in Kharif season under rainfed situation. Low and erratic rainfall with continued dry spell

and biotic stress factors discourage investments on technological inputs. Survey on the

adoption levels of package of practices in different Mandals of Kurnool District indicated that

the low productivity of Groundnut was due to the following gaps in adoption of

recommended technologies.

Lack of awareness on recommended improved varieties of groundnut

Non adoption of Gypsum application.

Use of low seed rate in rainfed condition and high seed rate in irrigated

conditions.

Lack of awareness on micro nutrient deficiencies particularly Fe chlorosis in

irrigated conditions.

Non adoption of need based PP measures in rainfed condition and effective PP

measures against spodoptera in irrigated condition

Based on aforesaid gaps KVK made an intervention in terms of trainings

/demonstrations. Through demonstrations production potentials of the following critical

inputs in increasing yields of Groundnut was demonstrated.

Introduced improved variety of Groundnut variety-TAG-24,TCGS-29, K-6

Seed treatment with Mancozeb to prevent seedling diseases (Collar rot)

Application of Gypsum @ 500 Kg/ha

Need based plant protection measures against sucking pests (Aphids) and

diseases(Tikka leaf spot)

Cropping system Oriented demonstrations with (Groundnut + Redgram at 11:1

ratio).

3

Table 1: Yield performance of FLD Groundnut

Crop:Groundnut Season:Kharif Rainfed

S.

No. Year

Name of the

Villages&

(Taluq/Mandal)

Name of

the

Component

& variety

No. of

Demonstrat

ions

Area

(ha)

Avg. yield q/ha

%

increase Remarks Demo

Control

/Check

Max. Avg. Avg.

1 2007-08 Arekera

Aluru

K-6 6 2.4

16.46 15.63 11.56 35.2

TPT-25 6 2.6 15.35 14.73 11.64 26.5

2 2006-07 Bethamcherla K-6 (RF) 12 6.0 10.82 10.57 8.42 25.5

K-6 (CS) 7 3.4 13.78 13.14 10.54 24.6

3 2005-06 Perusahabpet

Cropping

System

TCGS-29

6 3.2 11.2

2.2

10.86

1.7

9.42 15.0

K-6 24 11.8 12.40

2.8

11.43

2.10

9.32 23.0

4 2004-05 K.Kottala

Bethamcherla

Cropping

system

TCGS-29

17 8.6 10.4

3.75

9.95

2.77

8.21 21.0

TPT-4 3 1.4 10.2

3.75

10.03

2.50

8.50

-

18.0

5 2003-04 Madavaram

Dhone

Variety

TAG_24 33 13.4

8.25 7.89 5.51 43.25

Variety

TAG-24 ID 4 1.6 9.50 9.18 6.26 46.25

4

Table 2: Economics of Front Line Demonstrations on Oilseeds & Pulses

Crop:Groundnut Season: Kharif Irrigated/Rainfed

5

S.No. Year

Demo Control CB Ratio

Total Cost of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha)

Total Cost of

Cultivation (Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha) Demo Check

1 2007-08 11,952-00 43,764-00 10,687-00 28,900-00 1:3.6 1:2.7

2007-08 9,217-00 29,840-00 8,145-00 23,883-00 1:3.23 1:2.93

2 2006-07 9,396-00 27,927-00 9,225-00 22,397-00 1:2.9 1:2.3

3 2005-06 9,207-00 21,240-00 7,215-00 14,912-00 1:2.3 1:20

4 2004-05 8,730-00 20,560-00 7,270-00 13,576-00 1:2.3 1:1.8

5 2003-04 10,327-00 20,584-00 9,537-00 15,775-00 1:1.9 1:1.65

Table 1: Yield performance of FLD Groundnut

Crop: Groundnut Season: Rabi

S.

No. Year

Name of the

Villages&

(Taluq/Mandal)

Name of

the

Component

& variety

No. of

Demonstrat

ions

Area

(ha)

Avg. yield q/ha

%


Control

/Check

Max. Avg. Avg.

1 2007-08 Kadimetla

Yemmiganur

Variety K-6 35 15

34.25 30.84 23.68 30.23

2 2006-07 R.S Rangapuram Variety

TPT-25 8 3.8

26.62 25.74 20.73 24.1

Variety K-6 12 6.2 29.07 26.84 20.57 30.4

IPM

TMV-2 7 5

22.25 20.37 19.92 2.25

3 2004-05 Lingambodu Variety

TCGS-29

24 10 29.40 28.40 22.45 24.8


Crop:Groundnut Season: Rabi Irrigated/Rainfed:

S.No. Year


Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha)

Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross


1 2007-08 18,728-00 73,245-00 19,119-00 53,280-00 1:3.9 1:2.7

2007-08 12,560-00 67,620-00 11,850-00 53,640-00 1:5.38 1:4.52

2 2006-07 11,815-00 66,050-00 11,075-00 52,591-00 1:5.5 1:4.74

3 2005-06 8,989-00 45,565-00 8,650-00 36,481-00 1:5 1:4.2

6

Summary of FLDs on Groundnut

Performance of FLDs on Groundnut Variety K-6

Farming Situation: Rainfed

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos

Mean Yield

(q/ha)

% of

increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2005-06 24 11.43 9.32 23.0 12,033-00 7,697-00

2 2006-07 12 10.57 8.42 25.5 18,562-00 13,172-00

3 2007-08 6 15.63 11.56 35.2 31,812-00 18,213-00

Total /Wt.A.V 42 12.54 9.76 27.9 20,790-00 13,027-00

Performance of K-6 variety under ID situation

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos

Mean Yield (q/ha) % of

increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2006-07 12 26.84 20.57 30.4 54,235-00 41,516-00

2 2007-08 35 34.25 30.84 30.23 54,517-00 34,161-00

Total /Wt.A.V 47 30.54 25.7 30.31 54,376-00 37,838-00

Performance of TCGS-29 under rainfed situation

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2004-05 17 9.95 8.21 21.0 11,830-00 6,306-00

2 2005-06 6 10.86 9.42 15.0 10,559-00 7,866-00

3 2005-06 (ID) 24 29.4 28.4 24.8 36,576-00 27,831-00

Total /Wt.A.V 41 10.40 8.81 18.0 11,194-00 7,086-00

7

Performance of FLDs on Groundnut variety TAG-24

Farming situations: Rainfed with protective irrigation

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2003-04 33 7.89 5.51 43.25 10,257-00 6,238-00

2 2006-07 20 14.66 10.78 35.9 19,478-00 12,932-00

Total /Wt.A.V 53 11.27 8.14 39.5 14,867-00 9,585-00

Performance of TPT-25 variety

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2006-07 (ID) 8 25.74 20.73 24.1 52,535-00 40,750-00

2 2007-08 6 14.73 11.64 26.5 31,812-00 18,213-00

Performance of FLDs on IPM in Groundnut

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2006-07 7 20.37 19.92 2.25 29,100-00 25,990-00

2 2007-08 16 12.67 11.90 6.47 19,890-00 19,115-00

Total /Wt.A.V 23 16.52 15.91 4.36 24,495-00 22,552-00

Groundnut is major oil seed crop in an area of 1.87 lakh ha in kharif 0.24 lakhs ha in

rabi with productivity of 612 Kg and1865 kg in kharif and rabi respectively.

The low productivity in groundnut is mainly due to cultivation of local varieties,

Nutrient deficiencies, non adoption of effective PP measures against pest and diseases. With

a view to solve the production problems Krishi Vigyan Kendra organized 124 demonstration

during kharif and 79 demonstration during rabi under ID and 23 demonstrations on IPM

during last 5 years.

The result indicated that with improved varieties i.e K-6, TAG-24, TPT-25 and

TCGS-29 the yield increased up to 18 to 39.5% with net returns ranged from 11,194-00 to

31,812-00/ha as against 7,086-00 to 13,027-00 in local check under rainfed situation.

In irrigated situation the yield increased from 24.1 to 30.31 with net returns of

Rs.54,376-00/ha against 37,838-00/ha in local check

In IPM demonstrations the yield was by increased by 4.36% with additional returns

Rs.1,934-00/ha. 8

Sunflower

In kurnool district sunflower crop is grown in 1,21,000 ha area covering nearly 36.3

percent of state cultivated area i.e (3,33,000) besides Kurnool, crop is grown in Kadapa,

Anantapur and Mahaoobnagar district. The productivity of the crop is 465 and 571 Kg/ha

in kharif and rabi respectively. The research data indicated that the higher yields of

Sunflower could be obtained through improved technologies.

To know the production problems of the sunflower crop survey was conducted

through field visits, group discussions and other PRA techniques. Some of the constraints

and technical gaps are listed below.

Agrotechnological constraits:

Poor emergence of seed due to lack of sufficient soil moisture

Poor seed setting

Pollen shedding

Problems of insects, like whitefly, Jassids, heliothis and diseases like bud necrosis

and alterneria

Sensitive to external moisture

Technological gaps in Sunflower:

Non adoption of recommended spacing (60cm) and thinning.

Non adoption of recommended management practices against bud necrosis.

Inadequate and imbalanced use of fertilizers has been identified as one of the

critical constraint in Sunflower production.

Non application of S and Boron which are responsible increased oil content

and test weight.

Table 1: Yield performance of FLDs

Crop: Sunflower Season: Rabi Rainfed

S.

No. Year

Name of the

Villages&

(Taluq/Mandal)

Name of the

Component &

variety

No. of

Demonstrations

Area

(ha)

Avg. yield q/ha %

increase

Remar

ks Demo Control/Check

Max. Avg. Avg.

1 2007-08 Yenugubala INM 25 10 12.86 10.47 8.38 24.9

2 2006-07 Panyam Spacing &

Thinning 6 2.4

13.75 12.38 9.73 27.2

Necrosis

management 6 2.6

12.0 11.02 9.70 13.6

3 2005-06 Bhupanapadu

Panyam

Spacing +

Nutrient

management

13 5 15.85 14.58 12.50 16.6

4 2004-05 Palkur

Banaganapalle

Spacing 10 4 14.50 13.25 11.35 16.0


Crop: Sunflower Season: Rabi Rainfed:

S.No. Year


Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha)

Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross


1 2007-08 9,217-00 29,840-00 8,145-00 23,883-00 1:3.23 1:2.93

2 2006-07 6,516-00 24,414-00 5,404-00 18,973-00 1:3.7 1:3.5

5,908-00 21,489-00 5,404-00 18,915-00 1:3.6 1:3.5

2 2005-06 6,667-00 25,515-00 5,640-00 21,875-00 1:3.8 1:3.8

3 2004-03 5,205-00 20,140-00 4,885-00 15,322-00 1:3.8 1:3.1

10

Table 1: Yield performance of FLDs

Crop: Sunflower Irrigated : Rabi

S.

No. Year

Name of the

Villages&

(Taluq/Mandal)

Name of the

Component &

variety

No. of

Demos

Area

(ha)

Avg. yield q/ha

%


Control/

Check

Max. Avg. Avg.

1 2007-08 Kadimetla INM 25 10 24.42 22.54 17.88 26.1

2 2006-07 R.S.Rangapuram Spacing &

Thinning 10 5

22.82 121.33 17.02 25.3

Necrosis

management

10 5 20.30 18.37 17.31 11.0

3 2004-05 Palukur Spacing &

Nutrient 11 6

16.55 15.88 13.12 21.0


Season: Rabi Irrigated:

S.No. Year


Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha)

Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross


2007-08 12,560-00 67,620-00 11,850-00 53,640-00 1:5.38 1:452

1 2006-07 8,473-00 34,128-00 7,670-00 27,232-00 1:4 1:3.5

8,149-00 30,736-00 7,670-00 27,696-00 1:3.7 1:3.6

2 2004-05 5,205-00 24,137-00 4,885-00 17,712-00 1:4.6 1:3.6

Summary of FLDs on Sunflower

FLDs on spacing, thinning and Boron application in Sunflower

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local

check

1 2004-05 10

11(PI)

13.25

15.88

11.35

13.12

16.0

21.0

14,935-00

18,932-00

10,437-00

12,827-00

2 2005-06 13 14.58 12.50 16.6 18,908-00 16,235-00

3

2006-07

6

10 (ID)

12.38

21.33

9.73

17.2

27.2

25.3

17,898-00

25,655-00

13,569-00

19,562-00

Total/Wt.A.V 50 15.48 12.74 21.2 19,265-00 14,526-00

FLDs Necrosis Management in Sunflower

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local

check

1 2006-07 6

10

11.02

18.37

9.70

17.31

13.6

11.0

15,581-00

22,587-00

13,511-00

20,026-00

Total/Wt.A.V 16 14.69 13.5 12.3 19,084-00 16,768-00

Performance of FLDs on Nutrient Management in Sunflower

S.

No

Year

No. of

Demos

Mean Yield

(q/ha)

% of

increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2007-08 (Kharif)

(Rabi)

25

25

10.47

22.54

8.38

17.88

24.9

26.1

20,623-00

55,060-00

15,738-00

41,790-00

Low productivity in Sunflower was mainly due to improper agronomic practices i.e

non adoption of recommended spacing, thinning and poor seed set. Based on afore said

production problems Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Organised 116 demonstration on spacing and

thinning, application of Sulphur, Boran and Necrosis management practices. The result

indicated that 12.3 to 26.1% increased in yield was recorded with net returns of Rs.19,084-00

to 20,623-00/ha as against 14,526-00 to 16,678-00 in local check .

12

REDGRAM

Redgram is one of the most widely cultivated pulse crop. It is rich source of protein,

Iron and Iodine and mainly eaten in the form of dal. About 90 percent of the world pigeonpea

is produced in India. It accounts about 11.8percent of total pulse area and 17 percent of total

pulse production of the country.

In Andhra Pradesh the crop is grown in an area of 4.8 lakhs with production of 2.18

lakhs tones annually. The productivity of the crop 456 Kg/ha. Out of 4.8 lakhs ha of cropped

area Kurnool district occupies 33,000 ha. The productivity of the crop in the district is

441Kg/ha. The productivity of the crop is low mainly due to the following technological

gaps in redgram cultivation.

Crop is grown on marginal/sub marginal lands characterized by moisture and

fertility stress.

Certified seeds of high yielding and short duration varieties of redgram are not

available to the farmers in sufficient quantity.

Mainly grown as a rainfed crop

Non-adoption of seed treatment against wilt

Little/no care taken after sowing and mainly left to nature to grow and mature.

Adoption of wider row spacing.

13

Table:1 Performance of FLDs

Crop: Redgram Season: Kharif Rainfed

S.

No. Year

Name of the

Villages&

(Taluq/Mandal)

Name of the

Component

& variety

No. of

Demonstrati

ons

Area

(ha)

Avg. yield q/ha

%


Control/

Check

Max. Avg. Avg.

1 2007-08 Aluru

Variety

PRG-158

(M.Black

Soil)

6 4.8

13.15 12.01 9.54 25.8

Variety

PRG-148

(Red soil)

6 5.2

12.0 11.34 9.33 21.5

2007-08 Cherukucherla IPM in

LRG-41 5 5.0

12.50 11.56 10.93 5.73

2 2006-07 Pinnapuram Variety

LRG-41 10 25

11.95 10.81 7.80 38.5

3 2004-05 Nandavaram Variety

LRG-41

13 5 14.50 13.86 10.90 27.0

4 2003-04 Bijinavemula Variety

PRG-100 13 5.2

12.25 11.57 9.36 23.6

ICPL-85063 12 4.8 12.00 11.02 8.8 25.2

14


Crop:Redgram Season: Kharif Rainfed

S.No. Year


Total Cost of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha)

Total Cost of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross


1 2007-08 5,046-00 24,020-00 4,619-00 19,080-00 1:4.7 1:4.1

5,046-00 22,680-00 4,619-00 18,660-00 1:4.4 1:40

5,308-00 25,432-00 5,500-00 24,046-00 1:4.8 1:4.4

2 2006-07 4,193-00 22,701-00 4,475-00 16,380-00 1:5.4 1:3.6

3 2004-05 3,915-00 20,790-00 3,072-00 16,350-00 1:5.3 1:4.3

4 2003-04 5,035-00 16,776-00 5,787-00 13,572-00 1:3.3 1:2.3

5,035-00 15,979-00 5,787-00 12,760-00 1:3.1 1:2.2

15

FLDs on performance Redgram Variety LRG-41

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local

check

1 2003-04 12 12.12 8.80 37.7 11,741-00 7,785-00

2 2004-05 13 13.86 10.90 27.0 16,875-00 13,278-00

3 2006-07 25 10.81 7.80 38.5 18,508-00 11,905-00

Total/Wt.A.V 50 12.26 9.16 34.4 15,708-00 10,989-00

FLDs on performance of PRG-158

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local

check

1 2007-08 12 11.67 9.43 23.65 18,304-00 14,201-00

In Redgram 62 demonstrations were organize during last 5 years with improved

varieties i.e PRG-100, ICPL-85063, LRG-41 and PRG-158 with adoption of IPM practices.

The result indicated that 23.65 to 34.4% increased yield was recorded with net returns of

Rs.15,708-00 to 18,304-00 as against 10,989-00 to14,201-00/ha.

16

BENGALGRAM

In Andhra Pradesh chick pea (Cicer aeritinum) is grown in 6.02 lakhs ha with

production of 653 mt tones. The productivity of the crop in the state is 1012Kg/ha. Out of

6.02 lakhs ha cropped area, the Kurnool district occupies 1.11 lakhs ha covering 32.5 percent

of the state area.

The crop cultivated in vertisols under residual moisture regime through mono

cropping system. The crop is mainly grown in southern parts of the district covering

Koilkuntla, Uyyalawada, Sanjamala, Dornipadu and other mandals.

Due to continuous cultivation of chick pea crop in the area, production and

productivity was stagnated and prone to insect, pests and diseases.

KVK, Yagantipalle, intiated efforts to improve the production and productivity of the

crop through dessimination of improved and high yielding technologies.

To find out causes for low productivity of the crop, bench mark survey was carried

out through PRA techniques and following production problems were identified.

Low yielding varieties were used by the farmers which are succeptible to pest and

diseases.

Use of high seed rate

Terminal moisture stress due to failure of N-E monsoons

Non adoption of seed treatment

Imbalanced fertilization

17

Table:1 Performance of FLDs

Crop: Bengalgram Season: Rabi

S.

No. Year

Name of the

Villages&

(Taluq/Mandal)

Name of the

Component &

variety

No.of

Demos

Area

(ha)

Avg. yield q/ha

%


Control/

Check

Max. Avg. Avg.

1 2007-08 Pedda Hothur &

Manekurty

Variety

JG-11 25 10

19.41 1843.5 1535.5 20.01

kalugotla

Sulphur+

variety

JG-11

12 5.0

21.67 20.68 19.30 7.1

2007-08 Cherukucherla IPM in

JG-11 6 5.0

15.63 14.08 13.35 5.24

2 2006-07 Balapanur Sulphur +

variety JG-11 11 6.0

19.65 18.53 15.92 16.3

I.K.Peta Variety

JG-11 9 4.0

16.95 16.55 13.36 23.8

Balpanur IPM 11 10.0 17.50 13.75 13.75 14.25 (-) 3.5

3 2005-06 Perusahebpet

Variety JG-

11+Protective

irrigation

5 2.4 21.15 20.76 18.52 12.0

Variety JG-11 4 2.4 19.05 18.73 15.74 18.9

IPM 4 5.2 17.15 16.63 16.21 2.5

4 2004-05 Kalugotla Variety + IPM 16 10 18.95 17.60 14.25 23.0

5 2003-04 Tangutur Variety ICCC-

37+IPM 10 5

14.0 12.97 11.10 16.8

IPM 7 5 12.5 11.60 11.10 4.5

18


Crop:Bengalgram Season: Rabi Rainfed

S.No. Year


Total Cost

of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross

Returns(Rs/ha)

Total Cost of

Cultivation

(Rs/ha)

Gross


1 2007-08 10,263-00 46,062-00 9,826-00 35,316-00 1:4.7 1:4.1

11,363-00 51,700-00 10,263-00 48,250-00 1:4.5 1:4.7

10,119-00 35,200-00 10,525-00 33,375-00 1:3.5 1:3.2

2 2006-07 8.522-00 40,766-00 8,622-00 40,766-00 1:4.8 1:4.7

8,390-00 36,410-00 8,622-00 36,410-00 1:4.3 1:4.2

7,404-00 29,563-00 8,845-00 29,563-00 1:3.9 1:3.3

3 2005-06 7,762-00 43,439-00 7,104-00 30,834-00 1:5.5 1:4.3

6,847-00 29,934-00 7,104-00 29,178-00 1:4.3 1:4.1

4 2004-05 6,693-00 27,280-00 6,090-00 22,087-00 1:4.0 1:3.6

5 2003-04 6,328-00 18,806-00 7,525-00 16,095-00 1:2.9 1:2.1

5,918-00 16,820-00 7,525-00 16,095-00 1:2.8 1:2.1

19

Summary of FLDs on Bengalgram

Performance of FLDs on Bengalgram Variety JG-11

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2004-05 16 17.60 14.25 23.0 20,587-00 15,997-00

2 2005-06 9 18.73 15.74 18.9 35,677-00 23,730-00

3 2006-07 9 16.55 13.36 23.8 28,020-00 18,098-00

4 2007-08 25 18.43 15.35 20.0 35,799-00 25,490-00

Total

/Wt.A.V

59 17.82 14.67 21.42 30,020-00 20,828-00

Performance of FLDs on Sulphur application

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2006-07 11 18.53 15.92 16.3 32,244-00 26,402-00

2 2007-08 12 20.68 19.30 7.1 40,337-00 37,987-00

Total

/Wt.A.V

23 19.60 17.61 11.7 36,290-00 31,194-00

Performance of FLDs on IPM in Bengalgram

S.No

Year

No. of

Demos


increase

Net returns (Rs/ha)

Demo Local

check

Demo Local check

1 2003-04 9 11.60 11.10 4.5 10,902-00 8,570-00

2 2005-06 4 16.23 16.21 2.5 23,087-00 22,074-00

3 2006-07 11 14.25 13.75 3.5 22,159-00 21,793-00

4 2007-08 6 14.08 13.35 2.25 25,041-00 22,850-00

Total

/Wt.A.V

30 14.04 13.60 3.18 20,297-00 18,821-00

In Bengalgram 112 demonstrations were organize during last 5 years with improved

varieties i.e ICCC-37 and JG-11 with adoption of IPM practices. The result indicated that

there was an increase in yield from 3.18% to 21.42% with net returns of Rs.20,297-00 to

36,290-00 as against the local check i.e18,821-00 to 31,194-00/ha.

20

Table 3: FLD Yield comparison with District & State Averages (Crop wise)

Crop: Groundnut (Kharif)

S.

No. Year

Demo Yield

(q/ha)

Dist.

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on Dist.

Avg.

State

Avg.(q/ha)

% increase

on State

Avg.

1 2007-08 15.138

2 2006-07 12.79 6.12 108 3.01 324

3 2005-06 11.14 10.85 2.6 5.65 97.1

4 2004-05 9.99 9.35 6.8 7.79 28.4

5 2003-04 8.53 5.75 48 - -

Crop: Groundnut (Rabi)

S.

No. Year

Demo Yield

(q/ha)

Dist.

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on Dist.

Avg.

State

Avg.(q/ha)

% increase

on State

Avg.

1 2007-08 30.84 - - - -

2 2006-07 26.29 18.65 40.9 18.01 45.9

3 2005-06 28.4 20.01 41.9 17.39 63.3

Crop: Sunflower (Kharif)

S.No. Year

Demo

Yield

(q/ha)

Dist.

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on Dist.

Avg.

State

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on State

Avg.

1 2007-08 10.47 - - -

2 2006-07 11.76 4.04 191 4.05 190

3 2005-06 14.58 4.22 245 3.49 317

4 2004-05 13.25 4.65 184 5.53 139

Crop: Sunflower(irrigated)

S.No. Year

Demo

Yield

(q/ha)

Dist.

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on Dist.

Avg.

State

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on State

Avg.

1 2007-08 22.54 - - - -

2 2006-07 21.33 8.38 154 8.74 144

3 2004-05 15.88 5.71 178 6.34 150

21

Crop: Redgram

S.

No. Year

Demo Yield

(q/ha)

Dist.

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on Dist.

Avg.

State

Avg.(q/ha)

% increase

on State

Avg.

1 2007-08 11.67 - - - -

2 2006-07 10.81 2.08 419 4.09 169

3 2004-05 13.86 7.30 89.8 456 203

4 2003-04 11.29 4.41 156 418 170

Crop: Bengalgram

S.

No. Year

Demo Yield

(q/ha)

Dist.

Avg.(q/ha)

%

increase

on Dist.

Avg.

State

Avg.(q/ha)

% increase

on State

Avg.

1 2007-08 19.55 - - - -

2 2006-07 17.54 9.52 84.2 10.87 61.3

3 2005-06 19.74 16.41 20.2 15.90 24.1

4 2004-05 18.95 10.89 74.0 10.12 87.2

5 2003-04 12.97 10.91 18.8 10.81 19.9

22

Table 4: Feed Back Crop wise

Crop: Groundnut Variety: TAG-24

S.No. Year Feed back

1 2003 (TAG-24) In TAG-24 Groundnut variety the vegetative growth

was less compared to local variety (TMV-2)

The No. of pods/plant are more in TAG-24 (16-20), but

due to prolonged dry spell more no of unfilled pods

were recorded.Its performance is poor in rainfed

situation particularly in scarce rainfall zone.

The plant foliage also remain green even at the time of

harvest. But due to less vegetative growth low haulm

yield was recorded.

Farmers opinioned that it is good high yielding variety

under irrigated conditions.

The pod size is bold compared to TMV-2 variety.

Though TMV-2 has less number of pods per plant

percent of filling was good compared to TAG-24

No incidence of bud necrosis was noticed in TAG-24

variety.But incidence of stemrot was observed.

2 2004

(TCGS-29)

In TCGS-29 groundnut variety the vegetative growth

was more compared to local variety

The no. of pods/plant were more in TCGS-29 pod size

and shelling percentage was more in TCGS-29

The incidence of tikka leaf spot was less in TCGS-29

and more haulm yield was also obtained. It is good

high yielding variety suitable both for rainfed and

irrigated condition.

Due to scattered cultivation of this variety farmers are

facing marketing problem in kurnool dist.

3 2005-06

(TPT-25 & K-6)

Among the varieties demonstrated i.e TPT-25 and K-6,

no significant difference was observed in crop duration

when compared with local variety i.e TMV-2.

TPT-25 remains green up to harvesting stage

Plant height no. of branches/plant, no. of pods/plant

were more k-6 variety than TPT-25 and local check

Haulm yield was also more K-6 variety

100 pods weight, shelling % is more in K-6 variety

compared TPT-25 & local check

Pod size and seed size were bold and attractive in K-6

variety

Over all farmers were impressed with K-6 variety

23

Crop: Sunflower


1 2003 07 There is no significant difference in duration of Sunflower hybrids cultivated by farmers

In farmers field with 30Xsolid row spacing the head

diameter is 8.7cm where as in demonstration plots

60X30cm the average head diameter is 13.6cm

The crop in farmers field is effected due to moisture

stress shriveled head.

Sulphur @ 25kg/ha as basal &Boran application at ray

floret opening stage @ 0.2% spray had positive effect

on seed filling and test weight.

The incidence of necrosis diseases in the border is

visibly less when compared to unbordered crop

Seed treatment with gaucho followed by two sprayings

of neem oil at 20 DAS and 40 DAS control of sucking

pests, was noticed hence incidence of necrosis (1.87%)

was less compared to farmers fields (2.6%)

Crop: Redgram


1 2003 05 In LRG-41 Redgram variety the incidence of pod borer damage was less compared to local check (LRG-30)

The incidence of wilt was comparatively less in PRG-

100 & ICPL-85063 variety of Redgram

The PRG-100 redgram variety seed size was bold, and

attractive

Sprayinjg of NPV @ 250LE/ha was effective at early

instar larvae.

2006 The redgram variety LRG-41 has bushy growth with

more no. of branches/plant

It is not suitable for light soils due to its longer

duration

The variety (LRG-41) was affected with moisture

stress in light soils.

Flowering was delayed by 15 to 20 days.

The incidence of wilt was comparatively less in LRG-

41

In LRG-41 pods are dark red in colour

The incidence of pod borer damage was less

24

Crop: Bengalgram


1 2003 07 JG-11 variety has recorded increased yield over local check

The variety (JG-11) tolerant to drought

Plant has bushy with top branching habit

Plant height was more than Annegiri

Uniform maturity with medium seed size .

Tolerant to wilt

Harvesting easy (Mechanical) in JG-11 vareity due to

its top branching.

Sulphur Nutrition

Application of sulphur @ 15kg/acre has positive effect

on seed size and test weight

Seed was with less wrinkled

IPM

Seed treatment with T.viridae, slightly effective for

managing wilt at flowering and post flowering stages

By use of ph traps, monitoring of adult emergence was

made and before moths laid eggs, Azadarachtin

300ppm spraying was taken up

By establishing bird perches, bird flights to crop

increased and birds seen eating grown up larvae in the

field

Spraying of neem formulation gave good repellent

action and reduced feeding activity of larvae..

Table 5: Constraints in adoption of Technologies

Availability of quality seed in time for adoption of new varieties.

Availability and Viability of bio agents is a bottle neck in adoption of eco friendly

technologies.

Market threat for new varieties

Poor Socio-economic and literacy levels of the farmers.

25

Table 6: Suggestions for increasing production/productivity in the districts

Promoting the cropping system approach for increasing the production and productivity of crops as a whole against the individual crop approach.

Bringing latest crop production technologies to the doorstep of the farmers.

The field functionaries should be well equipped with information about the recent advances in production technology.

Participatory research with farmers should be promoted

Encourage Varietal Replacement and Propagation of newer location specific high yielding varieties with resistance to insect pests and diseases as well as to various

abiotic factors.

More emphasis on the adoption of non-monetary inputs like timely sowing, maintaining optimum plant population, timely irrigation at critical stages of crop

growth and efficient use of fertilizers.

Propagate balanced use of fertilizers (NPK) and also micronutrients in different areas.

Encourage the use of bio-fertilizers, organic manures and green manuring so as to maintain soil health and sustain the high productivity levels.

Popularize the use of various improved farm implements so that field operations

could be carried out effectively in time.

Encourage cultivation of pulses and oilseeds as inter crop in rain fed farming system

Table 7: Training programmes organized

S.

No. Year Crop

No. of

Programmes

No. of

Participants

Title/Topic of the

Training

1 2003-07 Groundnut 16 481 *Low cost Production technologies

* Nutrient Management

practices

* IPM practices

2 2003-07 Sunflower 9 143

3 2003-07 Redgram 8 126

4 2003-07 Bengalgram 10 288

26

Table 8: Field days/other activities organized under FLD programmes

S.No. Year Name of

the activity

No. of

Programmes

No. of

Participants

Remarks/

Highlights

1 2003-07

Groundnut Field Days 5

677

Field Visits 24 255

Interaction

Programmes 5

357

Group

discussions 3

160

2 2003-07

Sunflower

Field Days 5 558

Field Visits 17 285 Interaction

Programmes

4 224

3 2003-07

Redgram Field Days

2 231


programmes

2 75

4 2003-07

Bengalgram Field Days

3 407


programmes

3 272

27

Table 9: Highlights, Success Stories/Impact Studies/Seed production

programmes if any

Kadiri-6 A promising variety boon for Rainfed Farmer

About 88 percent of area and production of kharif groundnut is confined to the states

of A.P, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra. The productivity of kharif groundnut is the

lowest (1041Kg/ha). Among different components, improved variety contributes upto 30

percent to the overall yield.Groundnut is major oil seed crop of Kurnool district grown in an

area of 2.08 lakh ha with productivity of 612kg ha. The crop is grown as rainfed in kharif

and under ID situation during rabi. Farmers normally grow TMV-2, JL-24, and other non

descriptive varieties, which are low yielders and susceptible to pest and diseases. Farmers are

in need of a variety tolerant to moisture stress, bold in seed size with more haulm yield under

rainfed situation.

Role of KVK in popularizing the variety-K-6

Keeping the problems in view three varieties (K-6, TAG-24 & Narayani) were

introduced through front line demonstrations in Bethemcherla and Aluru mandals of Kurnool

district. The results revealed that K-6 proved better alternative to TMV-2, with 30.9 percent

additional yield, with bold kernel size, more shelling percentage and more haulm yield in

kharif season.

As ground nut is the major oil seed crop in kharif season(2.2 lakh hac) there is a

great need for the farming community for want K-6 variety in right time. To the meet

needs of farming community, KVK took up seed production at farm, and procured seed from

FLD farmers in order to supply to the other villages of Kurnool district .The popularity of this

variety was spread to other districts like Kadapa, Guntur Mahabbobnagar and Vizag. The

enquires about the performance of K-6 variety for different locations and indent for seed has

become regular phenomenon from other districts and Karnataka state.

28

Performance of K-6 variety under rainfed situation in Kurnool district

.Year Mean yield Kg ha

% increased in yield K-6 TMV-2

2005 1057 842 25.5

2006 1563 1156 35.2

2007 1674 1268 32.0

Case Study of K-6:

During the last three years K-6 variety was introduced in Bethamcherla and Aluru

mandals of Kurnool district through front line demonstrations. Farmers were very much

pleased with the performance of K-6 variety. Field days were also organized in the villages.

Through Seed village concept farmers are mobilized to save some of the produce for seed

purpose for next season. One of the FLD farmer Sri G.Ravi Kumar procured 213 q of seed

from other farmers and sold the same to the adjacent village farmers for seed purpose .Later

on he took land on lease and started seed production in 10 acres. Thus he became K6 farmer

of Betamcherla mandal.The spread of the variety took momentum and at present the seed

which is being produced by the farmer is going only as seed material.

29

LRG-41 A promising Helicoverpa tolerant variety

Redgram is one of the major legume grown under rainfed conditions during khairif in

Kurnool district with an area of 33,000 ha. The crop is also grown during September

October with supplemental irrigations. Farmers are normally grown LRG-30 variety.

The crop is being severely damaged by Helicoverapa armigera at flowering to pod

development stages. Due to non adoption of control measures against Helicoverapa severe

pod damage and finally very poor yields are obtained by the farmers. Some farmers are

spending a lot of amount on insecticides to control Helicoverpa (2500 to 3000).

Based on aforesaid problems in view KVK introduced a variety LRG-41, which is

tolerant to Helicoverapa with yield potential of 20-22 q/ha.

Role of KVK in popularisig LRG-41 Redgram variety

Krishi Vigyan Kendra organized 50 front line demonstrations with LRG-41 variety of

Redgram in different villages i.e Palukur, Nandavaram Aluru, Panyam of Kurnool district.

The results indicated that the yields and tolerance to Helicoverapa was good and farmers

were impressed with performance of LRG-41. During the crop period field days were also

organized in the villages in order to educate the farmers. In some villages LRG-41 replaced

the LRG-30 variety completely.

30

Comparative performance of LRG-41 V/s LRG-30

Year Mean yield Kg ha

% increased in yield LRG-41 LRG-30

2005 1212 880 37.2

2006 1081 780 38.5

2007 1134 933 21.5

The results indicated that on an average 32.4% increased yield over LRG-30 and

additional income of Rs. 7,400/- was obtained.

To counter the needs of farmers, seed production at KVK farm was taken up and supplied to

the farmers. The variety gained popularity in different mandals of Kurnool district. Due to

this intervention the farmers are able to save an amount of Rs.1200-00 1500-00 ha on

Helicoverapa control.

31

LRG-41 with protective

irrigations in Medium black soils.

IMPACT OF FLDs ON BENGALGRAM PRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGIES

In Andhra Pradesh chick pea (Cicer aerietinum) is grown in 0.48m ha with production

of 1.44MT. The productivity of the crop in the state is 1200Kg/ha out of 0.48mha of

cropped area, the Kurnool district occupies 0.14mha covering 30 percent area.

The crop is cultivated in vertisols under residual soil moisture regime through mono

cropping system. The crop mainly grown in southern parts of the district covering

Koilkuntla, Uyyalawada, Sanjamala, Dornipadu and other mandals.

Due to continuous cultivation of chick pea crop in the area, the production and

productivity was stagnated and prone to insect pests and diseases.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Yagantipalle initiated efforts to improve the production and

productivity of the crop through dissemination of improved and high yielding

technologies.

To find out the causes for low productivity of the crop, bench mark survey was

carried out through PRA techniques and following production problems were identified.

Low yielding susceptible to pest and diseases varieties are used by the farmers

Use of high seed rate

Terminal moisture stress due to failure of N-E monsoons

Non adoption of seed treatment

Imbalanced fertilization 32

LRG-41 in Rainfed situation

at Aluru mandal after

withdrwal of FLDs from

Village

Among the socio-economic causes lack of knowledge, lack of credit facilities, non-

availability of other crop inputs and storage facilities were identified.

With a view to solve the above production problems, Krishi Vigyan Kendra

Yagantipalle disseminated the improved production technologies through organization of

training programmes, FLD and other extension activities in chick pea growing areas

Training Programmes Orgnised for chick pea farmers in Kurnool District

S.No Year Mandal No. of

Training

Programme

No. of

participants

1 2001 Sanjamala 2 60

2 2002 Banaganapalle 4 120

3 2003 Banaganapalle 5 140

4 2004 Koilkuntla 3 75

5 2005 Midthur 4 140

A total of 18 no. of training programmes were conducted for chick pea farmers during

last five years (2001-2005). During the training programmes improved package of

practices were disseminated through skill oriented trainings in off and on campus.

33

Productivity potential of FLD during the period (2001-2005)

S.No

Year

No. of

Demo

Variety

Area

(ha)

Average yield

Kg/ha

%

increase Demo F.P

1 2001 10 ICCC-37 5 1333 1125 18.4

2 2002 11 ICCC-37 5 1477 1240 19.0

3 2003 10 ICCC-37 5 1297 1110 16.8

4 2004 16 JG-11 10 1760 1425 23.0

5 2005 5 JG-11 2.5 2076 1852 12.0

6 2006 5 JG-11 2.5 1875 1574 18.9

Under FLD programme improved high yielding varieties Viz JG-11, ICCC-37,ICCV-

42 and among kabuli types ICCV-2, KAK-2, Phule-G (ICCV-95311) and Mexican dollar,

and other package of practices Viz, seed treatment with trichoderma viridae, balanced

fertilization and IPM measures against Helicoverapa etc., were demonstrated.

The result of FLDs indicated that due to use of improved technologies the

yield was increased upto 20 per cent against existing local variety Annegiri

34

Impact on Adoption of different components of Bengalgram Production

Technology

To know the impact FLD programme a survey was conducted in Kalugotla village to

study the adoption of deferent components of Bengalgram production technologies after

with drawl of FLD programme from thevillage.

Objectives:

1. To study the impact on adoption of demonstration technologies.

2. To study impact on replacement of local variety.

3. To study impact of exposure visit in spread of improved variety

4. To study the economics of improved variety in different farming situations.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in Kalugotla village and data was collected from

40 farmers through structured interview schedule.

The data pertaining the exposure visits were collected by enquiry with the

farmers of selected villages.

The impact on varietal replacement was calculated in terms of percentage

by taking actual area of bengalgram in the village and area with JG-11

variety and Ecoconomics were worked out based yield and cost of

cultivation.

Table:1 Crop wise area and productivity of major crops in Kalugotla village

S.No Crop Area (ha) Productivity

(kg/ha)

1 Paddy 60 6562

2 Jowar 40 1750

3 Sunflower 60 1225

4 Bengalgram 1200 1315

35

Table:2 Year wise are and productivity of Bengalgram in Kalugotla village

S.No Year Area (ha) Productivity

Kg/ha

1 2001 600 1125

2 2002 680 1050

3 2003 600 1375

4 2004 800 1450

5 2005 1000 1575

Table:3 Impact on adoption of different components in Bengalgram production

technology

S.No Technology adopted Adoption

categories

Number of

respondents

% adoption

1 Variety F 35 87.5

P -

N 05 12.5

2 Seed treatment F 27 67.5

P 10 25.0

N 03 7.5

3 Seed rate F 34 85.0

P - -

N 06 15.0

4 Balanced

Fertilization

F 26 65.0

P 14 35.0

N - -

5 IPM component F -

P 12 30

N 28 70

The extent of adoption of individual technological components was measures in terms

of percentage of sample farmers adopting the particular component completely (or)

partially. The results presented in table.3. Indicate that even after withdrawal of facilities

offered to frontline demonstrations the adoption was higher in respect of improved

variety, followed by spacing, seed rate (85%), seed treatment (67.5%) and balanced

fertilizer application (65.0%).

In case of IPM components adoption was moderately partial and farmers did not

adopt this technology, due to non-availability of phoromone traps, lures, NPV etc

36

Table:4 Impact on varietal replacement in Kalugotla village

S.No Year Area under

Bengalgram in

(ha)

Area under

JG-11 variety

% of

replacement

1 2004 800 4 0.5

2 2005 1000 48 4.8

3 2006 1080 740 68.5

4 2007 1200 1000 83.3

5 2008 1400 1400 100

The data indicated that the area under JG-11 variety is increasing yearly by year, due

to is high yield potential and net returing/ha. The replacement of Annegeri is higher

(68.5) in the village.

The farmers were taken to the villages where FLDs and improved technology were

demonstrated. Due to there exposure visit the spread of improved variety were taken

place the data was shown in table

Table5 Impact of exposure visits on varietal spread to other villages

S.No Village No. of

farmers

visited

Area under

Begalgaram

(ha)

Area under

JG-11

variety (ha)

% of

replacement

local variety

1 Annavaram 18 80 16.8 21%

2 Nandavaram 20 100 2.4 24%

3 Gulladurthy 25 2000 800 40%

4 Vittalapuram 16 200 120 60%

5 Tangutur 18 240 160 66%

6 Revanur 30 1000 400 40%

7 Joladarasi 20 1200 200 16.6%

8 Gundupapala 16 800 200 25%

9 Vantivelagala 24 720 200 27.7%

Some other villages: Valmpadu, Mudigedu, Mukkamalla, Alluru, Kamalpuri,

Bhemunipadu, Kampamalla, Kristipadu, Harivaram, Sowdaradinne and Amadala.

The data revealed that on an average 35% percent replacement of annegiri variety was

observed in nine villages, but is also spreading fastly in other villages of Kurnool district.

During interaction with farmers opinined that 15-20 per cent the variety spread is upto

37

The following technologies identified for

Kurnool District

Varieties :

Cultivation of improved varieties like JG-11, ICCC-37 and also bold seeded kabuli

varieties like PhuleG, KAK-2 and Mexican dollar to get more net returns/ha

Seed Treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 8gm/Kg

Seed Rate use of seed rate @ 25-30Kg/ac with ferti cum seed drill and seed rate also

varies with seed size and test weight. For bold Kabuli types a seed rate of

40 50Kg/ac is required.

Fertilizers: Balanced fertilizers application of 8KgN, 20KgP and 16Kg Sulphur

.Application of P in form of SSP to reduce cost on fertilizer or basal application gypsum

@ 200Kg/ac.

Top dressing of 4KgN/ac., if Chick pea grown with protective or two irrigations at

before flowering and pod development stage.

Irrigation: One light irrigation with pipes or sprinklers before flowering stage of the crop

to get 20-25 % increased yield.

Growing of green gram before Bengalgram to get additional returns/ha. if early on set of

South West Monsoon.

Adoption need based PP measures against Helicoverapa

38

Impact on productivity and Economic of JG-11 under different farming situations

S.

No

Farming

Situation

Mean yield

Kg/ha

Cost of cultivation

Rs/ha

Addinal

cost

Rs/ha

Gross returns

Rs/ha

Net returns Rs/ha Additio

nal

Returns

Rs/ha Annegiri JG-11 Annegiri JG-11 Annegiri JG-11 Annegiri JG-11

1 Rainfed 1687 2075 15425 16250 825 30366 37350 14941 21100 6159

2 With one

protect

irrigation

2575 2937 15925 16750 825 46710 52866 30785 36116 5331

The results indicated that due to replacement of local variety i.e Annegiri with JG-11 farmers are getting the additional net return of

Rs. 6,055-00 and Rs.5,331-00 under rainfed and protective irrigations respectively.

39

IMPACT ON ADOPTION OF SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGIES

In Kurnool district the Sunflower crops is grown in 1,92000ha area covering nearly

fifty percent of the state cultivated are i.e (4,16000). Besides Kunrool, the crop is grown in

Kadapa, Anantapur, and Mahaboobnagar districts. The productivity of the crops is 695 and

855Kg/ha in kharif and rabi respectively. The research data indicated that the higher yields

of sunflower can be obtained through improved technologies. Therefore Krishi vigyan

kendraYagantipalle operating in Kurnool district transferred the improved technologies for

increased productivity and income to the sunflower growers

To know the production problems of the sunflower crop surrey was conducted through field

visits, group discussions and other PRA techniques.

During the survey the following production problems were identified

Agrotechnological constraints:

Poor emergence of seed due to lack of sufficient soil moisture

Poor seed setting

Pollen shedding

Problems of insects, like white fly, Jassids and heliothis & diseases like bud

nicrosis and alternaria

Sensitive to external moisture

Technological gaps in Sunflower cultivation:

Non adoption of recommended spacing (60mm) and thinning

Non-adoption of recommended management practices against bud necrosis

Inadequate and or imbalanced use of fertilizers has been identified as one of the

critical constraint in sunflower production.

Non application S and Boran which are responsible for increased oil content

and test weight.

Based on above problems training programmes, frontline demonstrations and other extension

activities were conducted in the district.

40

Training Programmes Organised during the period (2001-2005) on Sunflower

production technologies

S.No Year No. of Training

organized

No. of

Participants

1 2001 4 120

2 2002 2 80

3 2003 4 80

4 2004 3 67

5 2005 3 74

A total of 16 number of training programmes conducted for sunflower growers during the

last 5 years. During the training programme improved production technologies were

disseminated through skill oriented training programme

41

Results on FLD Sunflower production technologies during the

Last 5 years 2001-2005

S.No Year No. of

Demo.

Area

(ha)

Average of yield % of

increased

Demo. FP

1 2001 10 4 1060 875 17.4

2 2002 11 5 1187 917 29.7

3 2003 10 4 1265 1050 20.4

4 2004 10 4 1325 1135 16.0

11 6 1588 1312 21.0

5 2005 13 5 1458 1250 16.6

20 10 2134 1785 19.5

The result indicated the irrespective of hybrid adoption of improved agronominic

practices like spacing, thinning and Boran and Sulphur nutrition increased the yield up to 20

per cent over farmers practice.

The data generated through the front line demonstrations conducted during the period

have shown the potentialities of various improved technologies in Sunflower. The

interventions that can brought the substantial productivity improvement are identified.

Knowledge and adoption of different components of Sunflower production technology

A survey was conducted to under stand the adoption of different components of

improved production technologies in sunflower after with drawl of the FLD programme from

the village. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Yagantipalle is playing a great role in transferring the

technology with the objective to provide need based training to farmers about latest

technologies. The present investigation was carriedout to study the extent of knowledge and

adoption of demonstrated technologies among the farmers of selected villages of Kurnool

district.

Objectives:

To study the extent of knowledge on improved production technologies in Sunflower.

To study the impact on adoption of demonstrated technologies.

To study the impact on Economics of improved technologies.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in four villages i.e Pasupula, Gulladurthy, Palkur and

Bhupanapadu from each village 20 farmers were selected randomly. Thus the sample

size was 80. The data was collected through structured interview schedule.

42

Table:1 Knowledge regarding improved sunflower production technologies

(Rainfed)

S.

No

Technologies

Rainfed Knowledge %

Yes % No

1 Spacing (60cm) 76 95 4 5

2 Thinning at 10-15 DAS 68 85 12 15

3 Seed treatment 53 66.2 27 33.7

4 Growing of Jowar as border crop 12 15 65 81.25

5 Recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK) 68 85 12 15

6 Use Sulphur 34 42.5 46 57.5

7 Boran application at ray floret stage 63 78.7 17 21.25

8 Need based PP measures 64 80 16 20

Knowledge regarding improved production technologies in Sunflower revealed that

95% of respondents have knowledge about spacing under rainfed and irrigated

conditions. Majority of respondents (85%) have knowledge about importance of

thinning, recommended dose of fertilizers and 80% of respondents have knowledge about

need based PP measures. However 81.25% of the respondents have no knowledge about

necrosis management practices. Most of the farmers were also knowledge regarding

boran and sulphur nutrition.

Table-2 Impact on Adoption of different component in Sunflower production

technology

Farming Situation-Rainfed

S.

No

Technology adopted Adoption

categories

Number of

respondents

%

of adoption


P - -

N 54 67.5

2 Spacing (60mm) F 73 91.25

P - -

N 07 8.75

3 Thinning at 10-15 DAS F 38 47.5

P - -

N 42 52.5

4 Seed rate F 72 90

P - 10

N 08 10

5 Balanced fertilizer application F - -

P - -

N 80 100

6 Application of sulphur F 27 33.75

P - -

N 53 66.25

7 Application of boran F 27 33.75

P - -

N 53 66.25

8 Herbicides use F 05 6.25

P - -

N 75 93.75

The results presented in table indicated that even after withdrawl of the facilities

offered to FLDs the adoption is higher in respect of spacing 91.25%, seed rate 90%

Boran application 33.7% and seed treatment 32.5% in case of balanced application of

fertilizers adoption was more partial and every low adoption of observed in case of

herbicides use.

Table 3 Impact on Adoption of different component in Sunflower production technology

Farming Situation: ID

S.

No

Technology adopted Adoption

categories

Number of

respondents

% of adoption


P - -

N 17 21.25

2 Seed rate F 80 100

P - -

N - -

3 Spacing F 78 97.5

P - -

N 02 2.5

4 Thinning at 10-15

DAS

F 69 86.25

P 11 13.75

N - -

5 Balanced pertilizer

application

F 28 35

P 52 65

N - -

6 Application of sulphur F 37 46.25

P 18 22.5

N 25 31.25

7 Application of boran F 24 30.0

P 12 15.0

N 44 55.0

8 Herbicides use F 16 20

P - -

N 64 80

44

The result indicated that the extent of adoption was higher in ID Sunflower in case of

seed rate (100%), spacing 97.5%, Thinning 86.5% and seed treatment is 78.75% followed

by Sulphur and Boran application.

Impact of productivity and Economic of improved technologies in Sunflower

S.No

Farming

situation

No. of

farmers

Mean yield

Kg/ha

Cost of

cultivation

Additional

cost

Rs/ha

Net returns

Rs/ha

Add

net

returns

Rs/ha

IB

CR IT FP IT FP IT FP

1 Rainfed 40 1310 1027 5335 4266 1069 16935 11652 5283 5.9

2 Irrigated 40 2087 1782 6571 5258 1313 28908 22363 6545 5.9

Market Price : IT - 1700-00

: FP -1550-00

The result indicated that the due to adoption of improved Sunflower technologies the

productivity of Sunflower is increased under rainfed and irrigated condition. The

additional net returns accrued due to adoption of improved technologies account for

Rs.5283-00 and 6545-00/ha under rainfed and irrigated condition respectively.

45

impact of flds by kvk

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