impact of information & communication technology on library & information centres by dr....

IMPACT OF INFORMATION & IMPACT OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON LIBRARY & INFORMATION CENTRESLIBRARY & INFORMATION CENTRES

ByBy

Dr. P.LALITHADr. P.LALITHA

LibrarianLibrarian

Kesar SAL Medical College & Kesar SAL Medical College & Research InstituteResearch Institute

Information?Information?

““An assemblage of data in a comprehensible An assemblage of data in a comprehensible form capable of communication” form capable of communication” – Harrod’s – Harrod’s Librarian’s Glossary and Reference Book, 7Librarian’s Glossary and Reference Book, 7thth ed., 1990.ed., 1990.

““Information is knowledge communicated Information is knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact, subject or concerning some particular fact, subject or event”event” - - Oxford English Dictionary.Oxford English Dictionary.

““Information is data recorded, organized, Information is data recorded, organized, related or interpreted within context to related or interpreted within context to convey meaning”convey meaning” – S.C.Blumenthal in – S.C.Blumenthal in ‘Management Information Systems’, 1969‘Management Information Systems’, 1969

Communication…Communication…

The word ‘Communication’ originated from The word ‘Communication’ originated from Latin word ‘Latin word ‘CommunisCommunis’ meaning ‘Common’.’ meaning ‘Common’.

““Communication is imparting, conveying or Communication is imparting, conveying or exchanging of ideas and knowledge whether exchanging of ideas and knowledge whether by speech, writing or signs” – by speech, writing or signs” – Oxford English Oxford English Dictionary.Dictionary.

“ “Communication is the transfer of thoughts Communication is the transfer of thoughts and message as contrasted with and message as contrasted with transportation of goods and persons” – transportation of goods and persons” – Columbia Encyclopedia of Communication.Columbia Encyclopedia of Communication.


Non-Verbal Non-Verbal

• Signals – Traffic signals, Drum Signals – Traffic signals, Drum beatsbeats

• Signs – Traffic signsSigns – Traffic signs• Symbols Symbols • Gestures – Facial expressions, Gestures – Facial expressions,

Body languageBody language


Verbal Communication…Verbal Communication… The first phase - origination of The first phase - origination of

languages, languages, second phase - written second phase - written

communication (record and store the communication (record and store the information)information)

• Cave paintings, Cave paintings, • clay tablets, clay tablets, • ink, papyrus etc. ink, papyrus etc.

A Babylonian clay tablet from 87 B.C. reports the arrival of the comet now known as Halley.

Page 96: National Geographic Magazine, December. 1997

Communication… (Verbal)Communication… (Verbal)

The third phase - the printing era The third phase - the printing era began with Gutenberg and his Bible began with Gutenberg and his Bible in 1456. in 1456.

The fourth phase -the age of The fourth phase -the age of telecommunications began with telecommunications began with Morse’s telegraph and was Morse’s telegraph and was perpetuated by Marconi’s wireless. perpetuated by Marconi’s wireless.

Now we are in fifth phase where Now we are in fifth phase where compunication is playing a major compunication is playing a major role in interactive communication role in interactive communication systems. systems.

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

The two revolutions - in The two revolutions - in computerscomputers and and communications communications transformed the transformed the computers synonymous to computers synonymous to Information Information TechnologyTechnology. .

The rapid developments in Information The rapid developments in Information Technology brought revolutionary Technology brought revolutionary changes in information processing, changes in information processing, storage, dissemination and distribution storage, dissemination and distribution and became a key ingredient in bringing-and became a key ingredient in bringing-up great changes in over all aspects of up great changes in over all aspects of society.society.

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Further the advent of low cost computers Further the advent of low cost computers and easy-to-use word processing software, and easy-to-use word processing software, computer based image processing computer based image processing techniques paved way for ‘digitized techniques paved way for ‘digitized information’ comprising textual to information’ comprising textual to multimedia – data consisting of text, multimedia – data consisting of text, images along with digitized voice and images along with digitized voice and video.video.

Thus the information stored in libraries Thus the information stored in libraries has taken a major shift from volume-has taken a major shift from volume-limiting paper to limitless multimedia limiting paper to limitless multimedia digital form.digital form.

Information & communication TechnologyInformation & communication Technology

The ease of communication along with The ease of communication along with the Internet, has brought a paradigm the Internet, has brought a paradigm shift in information usage from the shift in information usage from the need to know basisneed to know basis – information – information available when and where you need itavailable when and where you need it..

Digital publishing technologies and Digital publishing technologies and global networking have given rise to global networking have given rise to the development of a wide variety of the development of a wide variety of digital libraries.digital libraries.

Information & communication TechnologyInformation & communication Technology

““Ten years ago we saw the convergence of Ten years ago we saw the convergence of the human-readable Web with increased the human-readable Web with increased connectivity. Now we are seeing connectivity. Now we are seeing communicating applications and more communicating applications and more pervasive, broadband connectivity. The pervasive, broadband connectivity. The world is flatter because computing and world is flatter because computing and communications is more pervasive of our communications is more pervasive of our working and learning lives: working and learning lives: we create, we create, share and use digital content and share and use digital content and servicesservices”.”.

Dempsey, Lorcan. (2006). Ariadne Issue 46 at Dempsey, Lorcan. (2006). Ariadne Issue 46 at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/dempsey/intro.htmlhttp://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/dempsey/intro.html

Implications of ICT in LICs……Implications of ICT in LICs……

Storage Storage SpeedSpeed Ease of useEase of use Large volume of informationLarge volume of information InteroperabilityInteroperability IntegrationIntegration

Web-based services

Advantages of web based services:Advantages of web based services: InteroperabilityInteroperability EncapsulationEncapsulation AvailabilityAvailability Self-DescriptionSelf-Description ModularityModularity Simplified and High ScalabilitySimplified and High Scalability

-Freemantle, P., et al., Communications of ACM, 2002, 45(10), -Freemantle, P., et al., Communications of ACM, 2002, 45(10), 77-82.77-82.

Technologies in LICs…Technologies in LICs…

Information captureInformation capture• Key board, Scanner, Digital Cameras, Key board, Scanner, Digital Cameras,

Mobiles, etcMobiles, etc

StorageStorage• PCs, Floppy disks, CDs / DVDs PCs, Floppy disks, CDs / DVDs • Pen drives, Portable HDs, Blu Ray DisPen drives, Portable HDs, Blu Ray Dis

IdentificationIdentification• Barcode, Tattle-tape, RFID, Biometric, etcBarcode, Tattle-tape, RFID, Biometric, etc

DatabasesDatabases• Books, articles, reports, aggregators, Books, articles, reports, aggregators,

publishers, IRspublishers, IRs

Technologies in LICs…Technologies in LICs…

Digital Library SoftwareDigital Library Software• Green stone digital Library sw, Green stone digital Library sw,

DSpace, Fedora etcDSpace, Fedora etc Library automation packagesLibrary automation packages

• WIN/ISIS, SOUL, Libsys, Libsuite, WIN/ISIS, SOUL, Libsys, Libsuite, Liberty, ALICE, etc Liberty, ALICE, etc

• Open Source like KOHA, New Gen Open Source like KOHA, New Gen Lib, etcLib, etc

NetworkingNetworking• Client-server, P2P, InternetClient-server, P2P, Internet

EmergingEmerging Technologies in LICs…Technologies in LICs…

Library 2.0Library 2.0

Library 2.0Library 2.0 With Library 2.0 library services are constantly With Library 2.0 library services are constantly

updated and reevaluated to best serve library users. It updated and reevaluated to best serve library users. It also attempts to harness the library user in the design also attempts to harness the library user in the design and implementation of library services by encouraging and implementation of library services by encouraging feed back and participation feed back and participation

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_2.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_2.0 “ “Library 2.0 is the application of interactive, Library 2.0 is the application of interactive,

collaborative and multi media web based technologies collaborative and multi media web based technologies to web based library services and collection” to web based library services and collection”

Maness, 2006 Maness, 2006 The basic idea of Library 2.0 is to transform library The basic idea of Library 2.0 is to transform library

service by making them more personalize, more service by making them more personalize, more interactive, collaborative, more web-based, driven by interactive, collaborative, more web-based, driven by community needscommunity needs

A very different communication environment for providingA very different communication environment for providing more personalized services to users making librarians more more personalized services to users making librarians more

competent.competent.

Components of Library 2.0Components of Library 2.0

WikiWiki BlogBlog RSSRSS PodcastingPodcasting Instant MessagingInstant Messaging SMSSMS MMSMMS Social networkingSocial networking


Wiki - from the Hawaiian Wiki - from the Hawaiian wiki, to hurry, wiki, to hurry, swift.swift.

A collaborative website whose content A collaborative website whose content can be edited by any one who has access can be edited by any one who has access to it. It is a web application that allows to it. It is a web application that allows users to add content, as on an Internet users to add content, as on an Internet forum, but also refers to the collaborative forum, but also refers to the collaborative software used to create such a website.software used to create such a website.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikis


BlogBlog

A blog (WEBLOG) is a website that contains A blog (WEBLOG) is a website that contains dated entries in reverse chronological order dated entries in reverse chronological order (most recent first) about a particular topic. (most recent first) about a particular topic.

http://www.answers.com/topic/bloghttp://www.answers.com/topic/blog

One person or groups of contributors can One person or groups of contributors can write them. Entries containing write them. Entries containing commentaries and links to other websites, commentaries and links to other websites, images contributed by one person or group images contributed by one person or group of people. Some times search facility may of people. Some times search facility may also be included. also be included.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogsen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogs


Really simple SyndicationReally simple Syndication RSS is a family of web feed formats used RSS is a family of web feed formats used

to publish frequently updated content to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries, news headlines and such as blog entries, news headlines and podcasts. An RSS document (which is podcasts. An RSS document (which is called a ‘feed’ or ‘web feed’ or ‘channel') called a ‘feed’ or ‘web feed’ or ‘channel') contain either a summary of content contain either a summary of content from an associated website or the full from an associated website or the full text, RSS makes it possible for people to text, RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with websites in a special keep up with websites in a special programme or filtered displays.programme or filtered displays.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS


PodcastPodcast A portmanteau of Apple’s “I Pod” A portmanteau of Apple’s “I Pod”

and “broadcasting” is a method of and “broadcasting” is a method of publishing files to the Internet publishing files to the Internet allowing users to subscribe to a feed allowing users to subscribe to a feed and receive new files automatically and receive new files automatically by subscription, usually at no cost. It by subscription, usually at no cost. It first became popular in late 2004, first became popular in late 2004, used largely for audio files.used largely for audio files.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast


Social NetworkingSocial Networking Social Networking service uses software to Social Networking service uses software to

build online social networks for build online social networks for communities of people who share interest communities of people who share interest and activities or who are interested in and activities or who are interested in exploring the interests and activities of exploring the interests and activities of others. others.

Most services are primarily web-based and Most services are primarily web-based and provide a collection of various ways for provide a collection of various ways for users to interact, such as chat, messaging, users to interact, such as chat, messaging, e-mail, video, voice chat, file sharing, e-mail, video, voice chat, file sharing, blogging, discussion groups and so on. blogging, discussion groups and so on.

ICT induced paradigm shift in LICs…..ICT induced paradigm shift in LICs….. Traditional libraries to digital libraries, Traditional libraries to digital libraries, print on paper to digital information, print on paper to digital information, card catalogs to Web OPACs, card catalogs to Web OPACs, chains to RFID tags, chains to RFID tags, print journals to online or electronic journals, print journals to online or electronic journals, ownership to access, ownership to access, in library access to remote and desktop access. in library access to remote and desktop access. Information availability from libraries - 9 – 5 or 7 to Information availability from libraries - 9 – 5 or 7 to

24X7, 24X7, photocopies to digital copies, photocopies to digital copies, DDS being provided through E-mail instead of post or DDS being provided through E-mail instead of post or

fax. fax. standalone libraries to Information networks standalone libraries to Information networks Real to virtual libraries. Real to virtual libraries.

Why Librarians need to embrace Technology?Why Librarians need to embrace Technology?

The information professionals are adopting technologies like computing, networks, Internet, digital data etc and getting adapted to the changing environment because their main focus is the ‘user’ and the fulfillment of information needs of the users.

“The network evolution of research and learning practices across disciplines and institutions is what the librarians need to know more about. Libraries need to understand how best to co-evolve with these changes, and need more evidence upon which to base their planning”.

Dempsey Lorcan, 2006.

Users AttitudesUsers Attitudes

Users are broadly into two categories:Users are broadly into two categories: Users – Information seeking & Techno savvyUsers – Information seeking & Techno savvy “ “In a flat networked world, where data and In a flat networked world, where data and

content flow more freely, much of what might content flow more freely, much of what might have happened in library is pushed out into have happened in library is pushed out into network user environment.”network user environment.”

Dempsey Lorcan, 2006. Dempsey Lorcan, 2006. Users – Not aware of technologyUsers – Not aware of technology

Users information seeking attitudes differs Users information seeking attitudes differs based on their competencies.based on their competencies.

Role of Librarians…………Role of Librarians…………

Traditionally librarians used to Traditionally librarians used to • select, select, • search, search, • collect, collect, • organize, organize, • maintain and preserve the resourcesmaintain and preserve the resources

Digital Era - Role of Librarians…………Digital Era - Role of Librarians…………

NegotiatorNegotiator – a person who should be able – a person who should be able to identify the needs of to identify the needs of usersusers

Navigator Navigator - Searching the ocean of - Searching the ocean of information regardless the formatinformation regardless the format

FacilitatorFacilitator – Information and Infra- – Information and Infra-structurestructure

EducatorEducator - being familiar with information - being familiar with information in different formats and should be able to in different formats and should be able to train the users whenever requiredtrain the users whenever required

EntrepreneurEntrepreneur - Marketing Library Services - Marketing Library Services Information filterInformation filter – Able to provide right – Able to provide right

information, in right time to the right information, in right time to the right person from right resource.person from right resource.

Challenges & OpportunitiesChallenges & Opportunities

Resource Management – Providing Resource Management – Providing information from different resources (print, information from different resources (print, e-resources and online resources), Resource e-resources and online resources), Resource usage, Usage evaluation and measuring the usage, Usage evaluation and measuring the impact of usage of the resources (Research impact of usage of the resources (Research output).output).

Providing information about Open Access Providing information about Open Access resources and educating the users about resources and educating the users about Open Access.Open Access.

Building Institutional RepositoriesBuilding Institutional Repositories Providing seamless integration to different Providing seamless integration to different

databases, electronic and online resources. databases, electronic and online resources. Knowledge of Intellectual Property RightsKnowledge of Intellectual Property Rights


Open Access (OA)Open Access (OA)

• OA literature is digital, free of charge and free of OA literature is digital, free of charge and free of copyright.copyright.

• OA is compatible with copyright, peer review, OA is compatible with copyright, peer review, revenue, print, preservation, prestige, career revenue, print, preservation, prestige, career advancement, indexing and supportive services advancement, indexing and supportive services associated with conventional scholarly literature.associated with conventional scholarly literature.

• OA campaign focuses on the literature that OA campaign focuses on the literature that authors give to the world without expectation of authors give to the world without expectation of paymentpayment

• OA literature is not free to produce or publishOA literature is not free to produce or publish• OA literature is compatible with peer review and OA literature is compatible with peer review and

all major OA initiative for scientific and scholarly all major OA initiative for scientific and scholarly literature insists on its importance.literature insists on its importance.

Suber, Peter, “Brief Introduction to Open Access”. At Suber, Peter, “Brief Introduction to Open Access”. At http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htmhttp://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm

Challenges & OpportunitiesChallenges & OpportunitiesOpen Access resourcesOpen Access resources

““While many authors, academic and research organizations While many authors, academic and research organizations including funding agencies have realized the impact and including funding agencies have realized the impact and importance of OA and have made endeavors to strengthen importance of OA and have made endeavors to strengthen the movement, the leading publishers have also chipped in the movement, the leading publishers have also chipped in (although at slower pace) to contribute their bit for global (although at slower pace) to contribute their bit for global good. For instancegood. For instance

• For green publishers permit archive pre-print and post-For green publishers permit archive pre-print and post-printprint

• For blue ones permit archive only post-printFor blue ones permit archive only post-print• For yellow permits archive pre-print only (pre-For yellow permits archive pre-print only (pre-

refereeing copy)refereeing copy)• While white means archiving not formally supported”.While white means archiving not formally supported”.

Usha Mujoo Munshi. (2008). ‘Guest Editorial’, DESISOC Jrl. Lib. Inf. Tecnol, 28(1), p.4.


Institutional RepositoriesInstitutional Repositories The Institutional repository (IR) is a

contemporary concept that captures and makes available as much of institutional research output as possible to the users. It is a sort of a database of digital information resources, accessible through Internet or Intranet. In the first instance this might include electronic versions of documents such as research papers, project reports, patents, theses and dissertations

Barton, Mary R. and Waters, Margaret M. (2004). Creating an

institutional repository: LEADIRS workbook. Massachusetts: MIT Press. <http://dspace.org/implement/leadirs.pdf>


Institutional RepositoriesInstitutional Repositories

IR is a set of services for researcher and IR is a set of services for researcher and scholarly community. Its goals are:scholarly community. Its goals are:

• Support Open AccessSupport Open Access• Curate Institutional Intellectual assetsCurate Institutional Intellectual assets• Centralized management of Research Centralized management of Research

OutputOutput• Preservation etc.Preservation etc.

Challenges & OpportunitiesChallenges & OpportunitiesIntellectual Property Rights “Legal issues, arising from intellectual

property law, are the most serious problems facing digital libraries”.

Lesk, Michael. (2005). Understanding

Digital Libraries, Elsevier Inc. :San Francisco, p.293. “Managers of digital libraries must not allow

accidental or intentional corruption of information stored in it by unauthorized users or programs.”

Arora, Jagdish. (2007). Access Management in Digital Libraries, Part I: Authentication and Authorization”, INFLIBNET

Newsletter, 14(4), p.9.


Social Behaviour and attitudinal Social Behaviour and attitudinal changes of userschanges of users

Digital DivideDigital Divide Providing Information literacy Providing Information literacy Personal counseling and interaction Personal counseling and interaction

with library users as well as virtual with library users as well as virtual users of library for getting feed-back users of library for getting feed-back about the services offered and for about the services offered and for proposed improvements. proposed improvements.


Information Literacy “Information literacy’ is “the ability to recognize

when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the needed information”

http://en.wikipedia.org.

“Information is a source of instant power as it facilitates decision-making, problem-solving, and action-taking. Information Literacy is the ability to make sense of information for managing success and staying ahead of change and competition”.

Karisidappa, C.R. (2008). ‘Guest Editorial’, DESIDOC Jrl. Of Lib. Inf. Technol., 28(2).


Information Literacy The purpose of IL is to develop sense-

making ability among the stake holders. Though Information literacy has

broader perspectives and wider applications, it embraces related concepts like

• user education• library instruction• bibliographic instruction• library research


Information Literacy - Empowering-8 Model

• Identify—subject, audience, keywords and plan strategy;• Explore—resources required, information available;• Select—relevant information; stages of work, appropriate

citations;• Organize—information earlier selected, between fact,

fiction and opinion;• Create—information in your own words, revise and edit and

create bibliography;• Present—share information with appropriate audience;

display in appropriate format;• Assess—feedback; self-assessment and assessment with

teacher;• Apply—review feedback and apply to next learning activity.

Prof. Russell Bowden, in his keynote address published in the Proceedings of the Information Skills for Learning: Part II "Empowering-8" International

Workshop Sponsored by IFLA ALP, UNESCO-IFAP5 in 2005

To conclude…….To conclude…….

An incredible fast progress in information An incredible fast progress in information and communication technologies are and communication technologies are transforming the information handling and transforming the information handling and seeking habits of both librarians and users.seeking habits of both librarians and users.

Inspite of the initiatives taken by Inspite of the initiatives taken by INFLIBNET, NISCAIR, NIC and Refreshers INFLIBNET, NISCAIR, NIC and Refreshers courses provided by universities, more such courses provided by universities, more such kind of training programmes are to be kind of training programmes are to be conducted both to the library and conducted both to the library and information professionals as well as to the information professionals as well as to the users.users.

To conclude…….To conclude…….

““Training influences perception, Training influences perception, attitude and opinion about the attitude and opinion about the information conveyed. Course information conveyed. Course curriculum for LIS should be revised curriculum for LIS should be revised with emphasis on development of the with emphasis on development of the soft skills as core competencies.” soft skills as core competencies.”

Vogt, Hannelore., et al., (2008). “Branding and Marketing for Vogt, Hannelore., et al., (2008). “Branding and Marketing for Changing the Image of Libraries in India”. In Executive Changing the Image of Libraries in India”. In Executive Summary Workshop Results Emerging from the International Summary Workshop Results Emerging from the International Seminar- Libraries on the Agenda!”, March 13 & 14, 2008, edited Seminar- Libraries on the Agenda!”, March 13 & 14, 2008, edited by Daum, Marilen and Seth, Renu. Pp 7-8 by Daum, Marilen and Seth, Renu. Pp 7-8

impact of information & communication technology on library & information centres by dr....

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word communication

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management information

information cave paintings

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phase origination

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