impact of lockdown due to covid 19 pandemic on surface water … · 2020. 5. 15. · three days bod...

Study Report

Impact of Lockdown due to COVID – 19

Pandemic on Surface Water Quality

Gujarat Pollution Control Board Sector - 10 A,

Gandhinagar-382010

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CONTRIBUTIONS

Inspiration and Guidance: Shri Mukesh Puri, IAS,

Additional Chief Secretary,

Urban Development & Urban Housing Department,

and

Chairman, Gujarat Pollution Control Board

Shri A.V.Shah

Member Secretary,

Gujarat Pollution Control Board

Coordination and compilation:

Shri B.M.Makwana

Senior Scientific Officer,

Unit Head P-3,Head Office

Shri K.B.Vaghela

Head – Central Laboratory

Inputs by: Dr. M.H. Bhadrecha

Scientific Officer,

Central Laboratory

Report Prepared by: Dr. Sweta Patel,

Scientific Officer,

Central Laboratory

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Contents

Sr.No. Details Page No.

1 Introduction 4

2 Objectives of the study 5

3 Parameters 5

4 Primary water quality criteria for different uses 7

5 Water Quality monitoring of River Sabarmati 8

6 Water Quality monitoring of River Khari 12

7 Water Quality monitoring of River Narmada 17

8 Water Quality monitoring of River Mahi 21

9 Water Quality monitoring of River Vishwamitri 25

10 Water Quality monitoring of River Tapi 29

11 Water Quality monitoring of River Damanganga 33

12 Water Quality monitoring of Amlakhadi 37

13 Water Quality monitoring of River Kolak 41

14 Water Quality monitoring of River Shedhi 45

15 Water Quality monitoring of different Rivers of Gujarat 48

16 Summary of Findings 51

17 Conclusion 53

18 References 54

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Impact of Lockdown due to COVID – 19 Pandemic on

Surface Water Quality

1. Introduction

Water quality monitoring facilitates evaluation of nature and extent of pollution and

effectiveness of pollution control measures, water quality trends and prioritization of pollution

control efforts. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) had established a network of monitoring

stations across the country under National Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NWQMP) in

order to perform the functions laid down under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1974, to understand the nature of water quality in the various water bodies such as rivers,

lakes, ponds, tanks, creeks, canals and groundwater etc. The Central Pollution Control Board

(CPCB) in association with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) is monitoring the quality of

water bodies at 2500 locations across the country under National Water Quality Monitoring

Programme (NWQMP). The inland water quality-monitoring network is operated under a

Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources System (MINARS) and Global Environmental

Monitoring System (GEMS) programmes.

On account of various discharge of wastewater in river, the quality is likely to be adversely

affected. It is therefore, necessary to monitor the quality of the various river waters.

The Gujarat Pollution Control Board is monitoring the water quality from 70 sampling stations

located on various rivers in the Gujarat State under the Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic

Resources System (MINARS) Project. These rivers include Sabarmati, Meshwo, Anas, Mahi,

Panam, Narmada, Damanganga, Kolak, Par, Tapi, Ambica etc. Under this project ground water

quality and lake water quality are also monitored periodically by GPCB.

Global Environmental Monitoring System project includes an assessment of the quality of water

of the major rivers of the State, viz. Narmada, Tapi, Mahi. The quality of surface water

monitoring under this GEMS project has been carried out at 6 stations and at 2 stations

monitoring of ground water quality has been carried out.

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2. Objectives of the study

Owing to COVID-19 pandemic followed by national lockdown, industrial activities are at

the lower level. Therefore, there would definitely be less effluent generation and discharge.

Hence it is appropriate time to study the level of pollution coming from the industrial sector and

to assess the health of the rivers so as to find out measurable impact on the surface water quality

during nationwide lockdown period.

3. Parameters

The water samples have been analyzed for following parameters (Table 1) and the effects of

important Parameters are mentioned in Table 2.

Table: 1 List of Parameters with analytical methods and equipment used

Sr. No Parameters Method of Analysis

1

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Gravimetric method APHA 23

rd edition 2540 C

2

Ammonical Nitrogen (NH3.N)

Distillation followed by Titration method APHA 23rd

edi.

4500 NH3 B & C

3 Chemical Oxygen Demand

(COD) Open Reflux Method APHA 23

rdedi - 5220 B

4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand

(BOD) 3 days at 27 ˚C

Three days BOD at 27 0C IS 3025 (Part 44) 1993

Reaffirmed 1999

5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

APHA 23rd

edition 4500 O.C OR Instrumentation

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3.1. Parameters & their effects

Table: 2 List of parameters and their effects

PARAMETERS ITS EFFECTS

Total Dissolved

Solids

High dissolved solid is not desirable in water system. It may cause

foaming in boilers. It also causes Undesirable taste, gastro intestinal

irritation, solids corrosion or incrustation.

Ammonia Indicates pollution, growth of algae. It is toxic to fish and aquatic

organisms, even in very low concentrations. Ammonia levels greater than

approximately 0.1 mg/L usually indicate polluted waters. The danger

ammonia poses for fish depends on the water’s temperature and pH, along

with the dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The higher the pH

and the warmer the temperature, the more toxic the ammonia.

Biochemical

Oxygen Demand

To measure the amount of biologically oxidizable organic matter

present in waste. BOD is one of the regulatory standards for effluent

discharge.

Dissolved Oxygen Due to decreasing DO, fish and other aquatic life are threatened; in the

extreme case, killed. As DO level falls undesirable odors, tastes and

colors reduce the acceptability of water.

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4. Primary water quality criteria for different uses

Table: 3 Use based classification of surface waters in India specified by CPCB, 1979 and

the Bureau of Indian Standards, 1982

Designated-Best-Use Class of

water

Criteria

Drinking Water Source

without

conventional treatment but

after disinfection

A 1. Total Coli forms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or

less

2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5

3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more

4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or

less

Outdoor bathing

(Organized)

B 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or

less

2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5



less

Drinking water source

after conventional

treatment and disinfection

C 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000

or less

2. pH between 6 to 9



less

Propagation of Wild life

and Fisheries

D 1. pH between 6.5 to 8.5


3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less

Irrigation, Industrial

Cooling, Controlled Waste

disposal

E 1. pH between 6.0 to 8.5

2. Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm

Max.2250

3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26

4. Boron Max. 2mg/l

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5. Water Quality monitoring of River Sabarmati

Sabarmati River System

The Sabarmati basin extends over an area of 21,674 sq km. Located in Western India, the basin

covers areas in the States of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It raises in the Aravalli hills. The total length

of the river from the head to its outfall into the sea is 371 km. The major tributaries are the Sei,

Wakal, Watrak, Shedhi, Harnav, Guhai, Hathmati, Khari, Meshwo, Mazam and Mohar.[1][2]

The river Sabarmati and its tributaries are all rain-fed.

There are 20 industrial estates developed by Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation in

Sabarmati Basin area. The major industrial estate includes Naroda, Odhav, Vatva, Narol,

Danilimda. The textile industry continues to dominate the industrial scene in Ahmedabad. The

immense urban and industrial growth

combined with growing demand of

irrigation water has taken their toll as

observed by the deteriorating water

quality recorded particularly from

Ahmedabad city to Vautha. The total

length of the stretch from Ahmedabad city

to Vautha is of 52 km and in the polluted

river stretch; the main contributing

outfalls are the Maninagar (mixed

effluent) and river Khari (industrial). The

monitoring locations for River Sabarmati are

shown in Figure no.1. The important

findings for water quality of River Sabarmati during the study period is as per Table No. 4.

Whereas the graphical presentation of water quality in terms of different parameters is depicted

in Figure No. 2

Figure 1 monitoring locations of River Sabarmati

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Table 4 Water Quality of River Sabarmati during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Note: Average Analytical values Analysis for the Month of January 2020 to March 2020 is considered for Pre

Lockdown period.

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N (mg/L) COD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L) Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Average

. (Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdo

wn)

Average.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdow

n)

Average

.(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(Durin

g

Lockd

own)

Average

.(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdow

n)

Average

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown

)

1 Sabarmati river at

Hansaol bridge, Dist.

Ahmedabad

Lat- 23o 05’ 26’’

Long- 72o 37’ 47’’

186 180 1.01 0.95 17.67 11 2.14 1.2 7.54 8

2 River River At

Narayan Ghat

Lat- 23o 03’ 41’’

Long- 72o 35’ 16’’

157 180 0.7 0.5 17.7 15 2.1 1.9 7.7 8.12

3 Sabarmati at railway

bridge, Ahmedabad,

Lat- 23o 03’ 43’’

Long- 72o 35’ 22’’

153 178 0.8 0.73 18 14 2.3 1.85 7.7 8.2

4 River Sabarmati At-

Gandhi Bridge

Lat- 23o 02’ 20’’

Long- 72o 34’ 26’’

183 190 0.93 0.67 21.67 15 2.39 1.98 7.74 7.9

5 Sabarmati at

Ahmedabad at V.N.

bridge, Dist.

Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 58’ 53’’

Long- 72o 32’ 35’’

1398 600 20.3 18.82 414 198 133 57 BDL BDL

6 River Sabarmati At

Ahmedabad

downstream,@100ft

Away From Outfalls

At V N Bridge,

Narol

Dist. Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 58’ 50’’

Long- 72o 32’ 33’’

4492 1090 23.22 21.22 302 257 136 64 BDL BDL

7 Sabarmati at Vill.

Miroli taluka

dascroi, Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 52’ 57’’

Long- 72o 30’ 15’’

1488 796 24.8 18.37 219 96 62 20 BDL 4.26

8 River Sabaramati

A/C With River

Vatrak At Vautha

Lat- 22o 39’ 10’’

Long- 72o 32’ 16’’

1404 976 19.39 14.06 139 63 31 12 BDL 4.37

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Figure 2. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Sabarmati during the study period

Fig.1a For Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Fig.1b For Chemical Oxygen Demand

Fig.1c For Dissolved O2

Fig.1d For Total Dissolved Solids

0

100

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

mg

/L

Sabarmati River Stations

BOD (mg/L)

Pre Lockdown During Lockdown

0

200

400

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

mg/L


COD (mg/L)


0

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

mg/L


Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

5000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

mg

/L


Total Dissolved Solids


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Table 5.Observation Table

Station

No.

Stations Name As compared with the pre lockdown

Analysis result significantly

reduction has been observed for

parameters

Remarks

1 Sabarmati river at Hansaol

bridge, Dist. Ahmedabad Continue to remain satisfactory as were

before the Lockdown period

Due to the lockdown

water quality has

improved and fit to Class

A instead of Class B

2 River Sabarmati at Narayan ghat

Continue to remain satisfactory as were


Due to the lockdown

water quality has



3 Sabarmati at railway bridge,

Ahmedabad, Continue to remain satisfactory as were


Due to the lockdown

water quality has



4 River Sabarmati At- Gandhi

Bridge



Due to the lockdown

water quality has



5 Sabarmati at Ahmedabad at V.N.

bridge, Dist. Ahmedabad

COD has been reduce to 52.1 %,

BOD has been reduce to 57. %

Reduction in NH3.N and TDS

No improvement of dissolved o2 has been

observed

Water Quality has improved

during Lockdown

6 River Sabarmati At Ahmedabad

Downstream,@ 100 ft Away

From Outfalls At V N Bridge,

Narol

Dist. Ahmedabad


BOD has been reduce to 52.9 %



observed

Water Quality has Improved

during Lockdown

7 Sabarmati at vill. Miroli taluka

dascroi, Ahmedabad




Dissolved o2 has been observed

significantly improved


during Lockdown

8 River Sabarmati A/C With River

Vatrak At Vautha




Dissolved o2 has been observed

significantly improved


during Lockdown

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6. Water Quality monitoring of River Khari

Khari River originates from the hills near Nandol, 20 km east of Gandhinagar, bordering

Ahmedabad district. This first order river joins the Meshwo River, a tributary of the Sabarmati

near Vautha on the border of Kheda district. Meshwo meets the Sabarmati at Kheda 50 km down

the route. The 80 km Kharicut canal that begins from Raipur village was constructed for the

purpose of providing irrigation support to 10,200 ha in 110 villages spread over 80 km in

Daskroi taluka of Ahmedabad district and Mahemdavad Taluka of Kheda district. The

monitoring locations for River Khari are shown in Figure no.3. The important findings for water

quality of River Khari during the study period is as per Table No. 6. Whereas the graphical

presentation of water quality in terms of different parameters is depicted in Figure No. 4

Figure no.3 : Sampling Locations of River Khari

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Table 6. Water Quality of River Khari during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of Monitoring Location Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N

(mg/L)

COD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 Kharicut Canal Near Dehagam

Naroda Road Bridge

Lat- 23o 04’ 36’’

Long- 72o 39’ 47’’

204 168 0.61 0.28 15 11 3.33 1.0

2 Kharicut Canal At Odhav Kathavada

Road Bridge

Lat- 23o 04’ 11’’

Long- 72o 41’ 11’’

321 232 4.16 0.34 50 7 11.33 0.9

3 Kharicut Canal Near Nirma Bridge

Vatva

Lat- 22o 55’ 54’’

Long- 72o 35’ 44’’

1219 1334 8.92 9.46 253 139 68 43

4 Kharicut Canal behind Maradiya

Chemicals, Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 57’ 53’’

Long- 72o 38’ 28’’

1859 1198 20.7 15.47 210 130 76.0 38

5 River Khari At Geratpur Village

Lat- 22o 54’ 58’’

Long- 72o 38’ 28’’ 1153 984 32.1 38.42 352 297 131 97

6 Kharicut canal before Confluence

With River Khari Ropada

Lat- 22o 55’ 43’’

Long- 72o 38’ 34’’

1293 986 27.23 17.47 817 309 279 101

7 River Khari after Confluence with

Kharicut Canal Ropada

Lat- 22o 55’ 25’’

Long- 72o 38’ 29’’

1307 1012 26.08 18.87 756 268 283 83

8 Khari at Lali Village Near

Ahmedabad,

Lat- 22o 52’ 07’’

Long- 72o 37’ 38’’

1383 1082 25.48 23.3 376 336 144 106

9 River Khari At Kanera Bridge ,

Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 48’ 45’’

Long- 72o 36’ 50’’

923 954 12.22 21 203 179 78.33 55

10 River Khari at Pinglaj, Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 49’ 25’’

Long- 72o 36’ 37’’

899 960 14.37 23.24 178 107 62 30

11 River Khari at Khallo, Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 49’ 09’’

Long- 72o 36’ 08’’

852 938 15.18 21.17 156 115 57.33 34

12 River Khari at Navagam ,

Ahmedabad

Lat- 22o 47’ 07’’

Long- 72o 35’ 31’’

937 972 16.88 23.35 179 122 71 33


Lockdown period.

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Figure 4. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Khari during the study period



Fig.2c For Total Dissolved Solids

Fig.2d For Amonia

0

100

200

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mg/L

Khari River Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

500

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mg/L


COD (mg/L)


0

2000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mg/L


Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L)


0

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mg/L


Ammonia N (mg/L)


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Station

No.


Analysis result significantly reduction

has been observed for parameters

Remarks

1 Kharicut Canal Near

Dehagam Naroda Road

Bridge , Naroda

COD has been reduce to 66 %,



Water Quality has

improved during

Lockdown

2 Kharicut Canal At

OdhavKathavada Road

Bridge



Reduction in NH3.Nand TDS

Water Quality has

significantly Improved

during Lockdown

3 Kharicut Canal Near Nirma

Bridge,Vatva


BOD has been reduce to 36 %

Increasing concentration of NH3.N has been

observed in lockdown to 5 % and TDS also

increasing in Lockdown

Not significantly

improved water quality

4 Kharicut Canal B/H

Maradiya Chemicals,

Ahmedabad




Water Quality has

improved during

Lockdown

5 River Khari At Geratpur

Village



Reduction in TDS however increasing

concentration of NH3.N has been observed

in lockdown to 15.7%

Not significantly


6 Kharicut canal before

Confluence With River

Khari Ropada



Reduction in NH3.Nand TDS

Water Quality has

improved during

Lockdown

7 River Khari after

Confluence with Kharicut

Canal Ropada




Water Quality has

improved during

Lockdown

8 Khari at Lali Village Near

Ahmedabad,




Water Quality has

improved during

Lockdown 9 River Khari At Kanera

Bridge , Ahmedabad COD has been reduce to 11.8 %,



observed in lockdown to 42.8% and TDS

also increasing in Lockdown

Not significantly


10 River Khari at Pinglaj,

Ahmedabad COD has been reduce to 39.8 %,





Not significantly


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11 River Khari at Khallo,






Not significantly


12 River Khari at Navagam ,




observed in lockdown to 26% and TDS


Not significantly


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7. Water Quality monitoring of River Narmada

The River Narmada arises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district, Madhya Pradesh. It

forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India. It flows westwards over a

length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before out falling in, the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of

Khambhat, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat. The Narmada River enters in the

Gujarat before Gadudeshwar, Narmada District and passes through near Bharuch city before

reaching to Arabian sea. The monitoring locations for River Narmada are shown in Figure no.5.

The important findings for water quality of River Narmada during the study period is as per

Table No. 8. Whereas the graphical presentation of water quality in terms of different parameters

is depicted in Figure No. 6

Figure No. 5 Location of River Narmada

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Table 8. Water Quality of River Narmada during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N

(mg/L) COD (mg/L) BOD (mg/L)

Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March

-2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 Narmada Main

Canal, Nr. Village.

Limbadia, Dist.

Gandhinagar

Lat- 23o 07’ 22’’

Long- 72o 40’ 44’’

184 180 0.25 0.168 4 4 0.7 0.76 7.9 7.81

2 Narmada At

Garudeshwar

Lat- 21o 51’ 33’’

Long- 73o 41’ 36’’

186 174 BDL BDL 6.67 6 0.64 0.64 7.45 7.56

3 River Narmada At

Panetha,

Lat- 21o 53’ 30’’

Long- 73o 17’ 41’’

192 178 BDL BDL 6 6 0.71 0.68 7.58 7.46

4 River Narmada At

Chandod,

Lat- 21o 58’ 57’’

Long- 73o 27’ 27’’

180 174 0.56 0.28 5.3 4 0.66 0.46 7.6 7.9

5 River Narmada At

Zanor (Ntpc),

Bharuch

Lat- 21o 50’ 12’’

Long- 73o 03’ 55’’

231 188 BDL BDL 6 6 0.78 0.78 7.52 7.52

6 River Narmada At

Bharuch, Zadeshvar,

Lat- 21o 42’ 54’’

Long- 73o 02’ 48’’

239 198 BDL BDL 9 7 0.82 0.8 7.47 7.42

7 River Narmada at

Golden bridge,

Bharuch

Lat- 21o 41’ 44’’

Long- 73o 00’ 08’’

-- 208 -- BDL 13.67 14 0.98 0.89 7.36 6.28


Lockdown period.

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Figure 6. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Narmada during the study period





0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mg

/L

Narmada River Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

5

10

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mg/L


COD (mg/L)


0

5

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mg/L


Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

100

200

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mg

/L


Total Dissolved Solids


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Station

No.

Stations Name Observation Remarks

1 Narmada Main Canal, Nr. Village.

Limbadia,

All mentioned monitoring

stations at river Narmada

continue to remain satisfactory

as were before the Lockdown

period

As their criteria within the

range as BOD is 2mg/L or

less and DO is more than 6

mg/L for all stations which

indicates these stations

water quality within the

Criteria of Class A as per

CPCB before and during

lockdown period.

2 River Narmada At Garudeshwar

3 River Narmada At Panetha

4 River Narmada At Chandod,

5 River Narmada At Zanor (NTPC),

Bharuch

6 River Narmada At Bharuch,

Zadeshvar,

7 River Narmada At Golden Bridge,

Bharuch

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8. Water Quality monitoring of River Mahi

The Mahi basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat having total area

of 34,842 Sq.km with a maximum length and width of about 330 km and 250 km. It lies between

72°21’ to 75°19’ east longitudes and 21°46’ to 24°30’ north latitudes. It is bounded by Aravalli

hills on the north and the northwest, by Malwa Plateau on the east, by the Vindhyas on the south

and by the Gulf of Khambhat on the west. Its total length is 583 km, traversing 167 km. in

Madhya Pradesh, 174 km. in Rajasthan and remaining 242 km. in Gujarat. Mahi is joined by the

Bhadar, the Anas, the Panam and the Meshri. The monitoring locations for River Mahi are

shown in Figure no.7. The important findings for water quality of River Mahi during the study

period is as per Table No. 10. Whereas the graphical presentation of water quality in terms of

different parameters is depicted in Figure No. 8

Figure no.7 : Sampling Locations of River Mahi

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Table 10. Water Quality of River Mahi during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 Mahi At Sevalia

Lat- 22o 48’ 22’’

Long- 73o 21’ 33’’

260 246 0.56 0.28 4 4 0.50 0.38 7.93. 7.9

2

River Mahi At

Parthampura

(Rania)

Bridge,GSFC

Water Works,

Lat- 22o 30’ 52’’

Long- 73o 06’ 45’’

277 244 0.56 0.56 4 4 0.48 0.4 8.2 8.2

3 Mahi At Vasad

Lat- 22o 28’ 10’’

Long- 73o 05’ 28’’

- 268 0.56 0.56 4 4 0.59 0.48 7.73 7.7

4

River Mahi At

Sherkhi At

Sindhrot Bridge

Lat- 22o 21’ 04’’

Long- 73o 03’ 13’’

278 264 0.56 0.56 8 8 0.6 0.51 7.7 8.2

5

Mahi At Umeta

Bridge

Lat- 22o 19’ 49’’

Long- 73o 03’ 15’’

- 256 0.56 0.56 4 4 0.61 0.52 7.70 8.1

6 Mahi At Mujpur

Lat- 21o 15’ 22’’

Long- 72o 59’ 15’’

784 348 0.56 0.56 8 8 0.65 0.61 7.2 6.5


Lockdown period.

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Figure 8. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Mahi during the study period




Fig. 4d For Total Dissolved Solids

0

0.5

1

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Mahi River Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

5

10

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Mahi River Stations

COD (mg/L)


0

5

10

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Mahi River Stations

Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

500

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Mahi River Stations



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Station

No.

Stations Name Observation Remarks

1 Mahi At Sevalia All mentioned monitoring

stations at river Mahi

continue to remain

satisfactory as were before

the Lockdown period


range as BOD is 2mg/L or less

and DO is more than 6 mg/L

for all stations which indicates

these stations water quality fit

the Criteria of Class A as per


lockdown period.

2 River Mahi At Parthampura

(Rania) Bridge,GSFC Water

Works,

3 Mahi At Vasad

4 River Mahi At Sherkhi At

Sindhrot Bridge

5 Mahi At Umeta Bridge

6 Mahi At Mujpur

of 54

9. Water Quality monitoring of River Vishwamitri

This river originating from Pavagadh in the Panchmahal District of Gujarat, The Vishwamitri

River flows mainly through the west of the city of Vadodara. Two other tributaries

namely Dhadhar and Khanpur merge into it before it amalgamates with the Gulf of Khambhat.

The monitoring locations for River Vishwamitri are shown in Figure no.9. The important

findings for water quality of River Vishwamitri during the study period is as per Table No. 12.


in Figure No. 10.

Figure no.9 : Sampling Locations of River Vishwamitri

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Table 12. Water Quality of River Vishwamitri during Pre lockdown and during

Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1

Vishwamitri

Upstream At

Asod Bridge At

N.H. 8

Lat- 22o 21’ 25’’

Long- 73o 12’ 48’’

266 226 0.56 0.28 5.3 4 0.71 0.57 7 6.4

2

Vishwamitri

Downstream of At

Khalipur

Lat- 22o 12’ 24’’

Long- 73o 09’ 53’’

657 696 9.52 1.12 99 50 21 12 BDL BDL


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 10. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Vishwamitri during the study period




Fig. 5d For Total Dissolved Solids

0

10

20

30

1 2

mg/L

Vishwamitri River Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

50

100

150

1 2

mg/L


COD (mg/L)


0

5

10

1 2

mg/L


Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

500

1000

1 2

mg/L




of 54


Station

No.


Analysis result significantly reduction

has been observed for parameters

Remarks

1 Vishwamitri Upstream At

Asod Bridge At N.H. 8



Water quality fit the



lockdown period. 2 Vishwamitri Downstream

of At Khalipur



Reduction in NH3.N observed 88.2%


observed


during Lockdown

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10. Water Quality monitoring of River Tapi

The Tapi River originates near Multai in Betul district at an elevation of 752 m above m.s.l. The

total length of this west flowing river from its origin to its out fall into the sea is 724 Km. For the

first 282 km the river flows in Madhya Pradesh, out of which 54 km forms the common

boundary with Maharashtra State. It flows for 228 km in Maharashtra before entering Gujarat.

Traversing a length of 214 km in Gujarat, the Tapi River joins Arabian Sea in the Gulf of

Cambay after flowing past the Surat city. The river receives tidal influence for a length of about

25 Km upstream from the mouth. The Tapi River drains an area of 65145 Sq.Km. out of which

nearly 80 percent lies in Maharashtra. The monitoring locations for River Tapi are shown in

Figure no.11. The important findings for water quality of River Tapi during the study period is

as per Table No. 14. Whereas the graphical presentation of water quality in terms of different

parameters is depicted in Figure No. 12

Figure no. 11 : Sampling Locations of River Tapi

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Table 14. Water Quality of River Tapi during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March

-2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 Tapi At Mandavi Lat- 21o 15’ 08’’

Long- 73o 17’ 20’’

311 300 0.56 0.56 10.67 9 0.85 0.78 7.13 7.04

2

Tapi River Near

Bardoli (Kapp

Bridge) Bardoli Lat- 21o 16’ 02’’

Long- 73o 21’ 52’’

265 290 0.65 0.56 11 9 0.87 0.77 7.18 7.05

3

Tapi At Kathore,

NH-8 Bridge Lat- 21o 17’ 01’’

Long- 72o 57’ 02’’

376 350 0.65 0.84 9.33 8 0.89 0.82 7.23 7.12

4

River Tapi At

Varachha Bridge Lat- 21o 14’ 05’’

Long- 72o 53’ 28’’

340 340 0.75 0.56 9.33 9 0.9 0.92 7.08 7.05

5

Tapi At Rander

Bridge, Surat Lat- 21o 13’ 56’’

Long- 72o 47’ 33’’

386 390 0.75 0.56 12.33 12 1.04 0.96 7.07 7.09

6

Tapi River At

Ongc Bridge At

Surat, Dist. Surat Lat- 21o 08’ 50’’

Long- 72o 44’ 42’’

27468 18760 0.84 0.84 23.67 22 1.86 1.21 6.58 6.92


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 12. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Tapi during the study period





0

1

2

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Tapi River Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

20

40

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Tapi River Stations

COD (mg/L)


6

8

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Tapi River Stations

Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

10000

20000

30000

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Tapi River Stations



of 54


Station

No.

Stations Name As compared with the pre

lockdown Analysis result

significantly reduction has been

observed for parameters

Remarks

1 Tapi At Mandavi

Continue to remain satisfactory as

were before the Lockdown period


range as BOD is 2mg/L or less

and DO is more than 6 mg/L for

all stations which indicates

these stations water quality fit

the Criteria of Class A as per


lockdown period.

2 Tapi River Near Bardoli

(Kapp Bridge) Bardoli

3 Tapi At Kathore, NH-8

Bridge

4 River Tapi At Varachha

Bridge 5 Tapi At Rander Bridge,

Surat

6 Tapi River At Ongc

Bridge At Surat

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11. Water Quality monitoring of River Damanganga

The River Damanganga originates from Sahyadri hills near Valveri village in Nasik district of

Maharashtra state. The catchment area is bounded by Arabian Sea on the West and Sahyadri

ranges on the East. The river flows from East to West along with tributaries, passing through

hilly areas of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Union Territories (UT) of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (DNH)

and Daman & Diu (DD), travelling 131.30 KM before draining into Arabian Sea in Daman. The

Major tributaries of Damanganga River are Dawan, Shrimant, Val, Rayate, Lendi, Wagh,

Sakartond, Roshni, Dudhni and Piperiya. The river basin is situated in the western Ghat region

between 19051’ to 20028’ North Latitude and 70050’ to 73038’ East Longitude. The Total

Catchment of the basin is = 2290 Sq. km. The Madhuban Dam constructed on the upstream of

Damanganga River in Gujarat state is the major water resources for drinking and irrigation

purpose as well as for industrial uses in DNH, Daman and Vapi (Gujarat). The Stretch of

Damanganga River from Madhuban Dam up to its confluence with Arabian Sea is @41.56 KM.

Large, Medium and Small scale industries located along the stretch of the river & treated waste

water after CETP, discharge into River Damanganga. Apart from the industrial effluent,

domestic waste water from the catchment area is also discharge into the river.

Figure No 13 Location of Damanganga

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The monitoring locations for River Damanganga are shown in Figure no.13. The important

findings for water quality of River Damanganga during the study period is as per Table No. 16.


in Figure No. 14.

Table 16. Water Quality of River Damanganga during Pre lockdown and during

Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1

Damanganga At

Kachigaon

upstream At

GIDC Wier, Lat- 20o 20’ 24’’

Long- 72o 54’ 30’’

170 160 0.11 0.29 5 5 1.9 1.5 6.6 7

2

Damanganga At

Kachigaon

downstream

(Daman),

Lat- 20o 22’ 18’’

Long- 72o 52’ 49’’

2213 3622 1 1.151 35 28 2.6 2.7 5 4.9


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 14. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Damanganga during the study period





0

2

4

1 2

mg/L

Damanganga Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

20

40

1 2

mg/L

Damanganga Stations

COD (mg/L)


0

5

10

1 2

mg/L

Damanganga Stations

Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

5000

1 2

mg/L

Damanganga Stations



of 54


Station

No.




parameters

Remarks

1 Damanganga At

Kachigaon upstream At

GIDC Wier



Water quality fit the Criteria

of Class A as per CPCB

before and during lockdown

period. 2 Damanganga At

Kachigaon Downstream

(Daman),




of Class C as per CPCB


period.

of 54

12. Water Quality monitoring of Amlakhadi

Amlakhadi is a natural drain originates from overflow of Tapi Irrigation Canal passing nearby

Kapodra village of Ankleshwar Taluka. It flows alongside Bhadkodra, Piraman, Ankleshwar,

Sakkarpurbhata and meets to estuary of river Narmada near village Pungam.Though there is no

perennial source of fresh water influx in to this natural drain, it flows all round the year because

of various domestic outfalls from Ankleshwar Nagarpalika, surrounding urban agglomerates.

The monitoring locations for Amlakhadi are shown in Figure no.15. The important findings for

water quality of Amlakhadi during the study period is as per Table No. 18. Whereas the

graphical presentation of water quality in terms of different parameters is depicted in Figure No.

16

Figure no.15 : Sampling Locations of Amlakhadi

of 54

Table 18. Water Quality of Amlakhadi during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdow

n)

1

Amlakhadi at

Pungam (River),

Ta.Ankleshwar Lat- 21o 37’ 53’’

Long- 72o 57’ 23’’

849 770 12 7.95 54 41 9 7.0 3 1.53

2

Amlakhadi after

confluence of

wastewater for

Ankleshwar drain at

at N.H.No.8, Low

Level Bridge,

Ankleshwar Lat- 21o 37’ 00’’

Long- 72o 59’ 45’’

861 918 14 17.08 66 79 12 13 BDL BDL


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 16. Graphs showing Water Quality of Amlakhadi during the study period





0

5

10

15

1 2

mg/L

Amlakhadi Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

50

100

1 2

mg/L

Amlakhadi Stations

COD (mg/L)


0

5

1 2

mg/L

Amlakhadi Stations

Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


500

1000

1 2

mg/L

Amlakhadi Stations



of 54


Station

No.

Stations Name As compared with the pre

lockdown Analysis result

significantly reduction has been

observed for parameters

Remarks

1 Amlakhadi at Pungam (River),

Ta.Ankleshwar




No improvement of dissolved o2 has

been observed


during Lockdown

2 Amlakhadi after confluence of

wastewater. for Ankleshwar drain

at N.H.No.8, Low Level Bridge,

Ankleshwar

Concentration of COD, BOD, NH3.N

and TDS not reduce as compared with

before lockdown water quality

No improvement of dissolved o2 has

been observed

No improvement of water

quality during lockdown

of 54

13. Water Quality monitoring of River Kolak

Kolak River is a river in Gujarat in western India whose origin is Saputara hills. Its basin

has a maximum length of 50 km. Kolak river flows from Saputara to the Arabian Sea

near Udwada (holy place of Parsis in Gujarat).The Catchment area of the basin is 584

Square Kilometer. The monitoring locations for River Kolak are shown in Figure no.17.

The important findings for water quality of River Kolak during the study period is as per

Table No. 20. Whereas the graphical presentation of water quality in terms of different

parameters is depicted in Figure No. 18.

Figure no.17 : Sampling Locations of River Kolak

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Table 20. Water Quality of River Kolak during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Locatio

n No

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March

-2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March

-2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 River Kolak at

NH 8 at Morai Lat- 20o 42’ 23’’

Long- 72o 91’ 51’’

227 144 0.41 0.21 4.33 7 1.03 1 6.63 6.4

2 River Kolak At

Koteshwar

Mahadev Lat- 20o 43’ 83’’

Long- 72o 90’ 76’’

813 208 0.41 0.35 14.33 9 2.2 2.7 5.47 6

3 River Kolak

Pataliya bridge Lat- 20o 46’ 45’’

Long- 72o 88’ 06’’

975 1464 0.45 0.44 27.33 16 2.23 2 5.6 5.5


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 18. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Kolak during the study period





0

2

4

1 2 3

mg

/L

Kolak River Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

10

20

30

1 2 3

mg/L


COD (mg/L)


0

10

1 2 3

mg/L


Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

2000

1 2 3

mg

/L




of 54

Table 21. Observation Table

Station

No.




parameters

Remarks

1 River Kolak at NH8 at

Morai






period. 2 River Kolak At Koteshwar

Mahadev




of Class B as per CPCB


period. 3 River Kolak Pataliya bridge Continue to remain satisfactory as were



of Class B as per CPCB


period.

of 54

14. Water Quality monitoring of River Shedhi

River Shedhi is a tributary of river Sabarmati flowing through Kheda district of Gujarat.

It is not a perennial river, very shallow & flows only during monsoon & dries up during

majority of period. It originates from Dhamod village in Mahisagar district, passes

through Kheda & Matar Taluka of Kheda district of Gujarat State and meets Vatrak River

near Kheda Town of Kheda District.

Table 22. Water Quality of River Shedhi during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of

Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 River Shedhi

at Kheda

Matar Road

487 664 1.31 0.28 21 21 2.90 1.7 4.80 6.1

2 River Shedhi

at Nadiad

Mahemdabad

Road

484 588 0.56 0.56 16.67 12 2.19 1.2 4.60 6.7


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 19. Graphs showing Water Quality of River Shedhi during the study period





0

2

4

1 2

mg/L

Shedhi Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

20

40

1 2

mg/L

Shedhi Stations

COD (mg/L)


0

10

1 2

mg/L

Shedhi Stations

Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

1000

1 2

mg/L

Shedhi Stations



of 54


Station

No.




parameters

Remarks

1 River Shedhi at Kheda

Matar Road



Due to the lockdown water

quality has improved and

fit to Class A instead of

Class C

2 River Shedhi at Nadiad

Mahemdabad Road



Due to the lockdown water

quality has improved and

fit to Class A instead of

Class C

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15. Water Quality monitoring of different rivers of Gujarat

Table 24. Water Quality of Different rivers during Pre lockdown and during Lockdown

Location

No.

Name of Monitoring

Location

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/L)

Ammonia N


Dissolved O2

(mg/L)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

Avg.

(Jan-

March-

2020)

April

(During

Lockdown)

1 River Kim At Sahol

Bridge 23 26 0.47 0.84 12 10 1.08 0.98 7.03 7.05

2

River Bhogavo at

Wadhvan Bridge,

downstream of

Surendranagar city,

Surendranagar

696 910 3.99 3.60 42.5 45 11.3 7.6 3.85 2.8

3 River Mindhola At State

Highway Bridge Sachin 861 428 2.52 1.12 64.67 12 5.31 0.91 5.86 7.02

4

River Bhadar At

Dublipat i.e.

Downstream of Jetpur

2739 5036 9.4 13.5 379 411 104 88 BDL BDL

5

River Kaveri at village

Gumandev,

Dist.Bharuch

453 504 - BDL 7.33 7 0.83 0.81 7.12 6.69

6 River par Railway

bridge 24405 3546 0.29 0.23 17.3 12 2.03 1.1 6.13 6.8


Lockdown period.

of 54

Figure 20. Graphs showing Water Quality of Different Rivers during the study period





0

100

200

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L

Diffrent Rivers Stations

BOD (mg/L)


0

500

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L


COD (mg/L)


0

5

10

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L


Dissolved O2 (mg/L)


0

50000

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/L


Total Dissolved Solids mg/L


of 54


Station

No.




parameters

Remarks

1 River Kim At Sahol Bridge Continue to remain satisfactory as were





period. 2 River Bhogavo at Wadhvan

Bridge, downstream.of

Surendranagar city,

Surendranagar

BOD has been reduced to 36.3 % however

No any reduction in COD and TDS has

been observed, No improvement observed

in Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen

Not significantly improved

water quality

3 River Mindhola At State

Highway Bridge Sachin




Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen has

been improved


during Lockdown and fit to


CPCB

4 River Bhadar At Dublipat

i.e. downsream of Jetpur

BOD has been reduce to 15.3 % however

There is no any reduction in COD, NH3.N

and TDS has been observed, No

improvement observed in Concentration of

Dissolved Oxygen

Not significantly improved

water quality

5 River Kaveri at village

Gumandev, Dist.Bharuch






period. 6 River par Railway bridge Continue to remain satisfactory as were





period.

of 54

16. Summary of Findings

River Sabarmati

· Due to the impact of lockdown water quality of river Sabarmati at different locations

which were polluted has been improved. Among polluted water quality stations of river

Sabarmati at Miroli, A/C with River Vatrak at Vautha and at V.N. Bridge very good

impact of lockdown on water quality has been observed where reduction of BOD and

COD above 50% is observed. In River Sabarmati at Miroli and A/C with River

Vatrak at Vautha Dissolved oxygen concentration observed above 4 mg/L which was

earlier below detection limit (i.e.0 mg/L). River Sabarmati at Narayan Ghat, Railway

Bridge, Ahmedabad, Gandhi Bridge and Hansol Bridge water quality has been

improved in lockdown and fit to Class A criteria which are for drinking water after

disinfection which was earlier falling under Class B i.e. for Outdoor bathing which was

before the lockdown. Looking to the Dissolved Oxygen value at Miroli and Vautha are

dramatically increase with indicates the good quality of Water for survival of aquatic

fauna and flora. The health of River Sabarmati has been significantly improved after the

enforcement of Nationwide Lockdown cause by The Corona Virus out break which has

reduce the inflow of pollutant into it.

River Khari

· At River Khari also lock down effect has been observed as improved the water quality.

Many of the locations of the River Khari reflects reduced concentration of BOD, COD,

TDS and NH3.N significantly. As a result water quality has been improved at stations of

River Khari at Lali Village Near Ahmedabad, River Khari after Confluence With

Kharicut Canal Ropada, Kharicut canal before confluence With River Khari Ropada,

Kharicut Canal Near Dehagam Naroda Road Bridge, Naroda, Kharicut Canal At Odhav

Kathavada Road Bridge and Kharicut Canal behind Maradiya Chemicals, Ahmedabad.

Other Rivers

· Monitoring stations at River Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, Kim, Kaveri and Par, the water

quality remains almost unchanged and continue to remain satisfactory as it was before the

of 54

Lockdown period. As their water criteria within the range as BOD is 2 mg/L or less and

DO is more than 6 mg/L for all stations which indicates these stations water quality is fit

for drinking water after disinfection within the Criteria of Class A as per CPCB before

and during lockdown period.

River Mindhola

· River Mindhola station water quality has been improved in lockdown. At this station

Dissolved Oxygen concentration increased as compared to Pre lockdown period, COD

and BOD reduction observed 81 % along with reduction in NH3.N and TDS. This

indicate water quality improved at river Mindhola and Now water quality of river

Mindhola is fit for drinking water after disinfection within the Criteria of Class A as per

CPCB.

River Shedhi

· River Shedhi stations water quality has been improved in lockdown and fit to Class A

criteria instead of Class C which was before the lockdown.

River Vishwamitri

· At River Vishwamitri Downstream of at Khalipur BOD reduction observed 42.6%

and COD reduction 49.4% it indicates water quality has been improved in lockdown.

Although there have been no any improvement on Dissolved oxygen concentration

observed. Vishwamitri Upstream at Asod Bridge remain satisfactory as were before

the Lockdown period. At this location Water quality fit the Criteria of Class A as per

CPCB before and during lockdown period.

River Damangaga and Kolak

· At River Damangaga and River Kolak monitoring stations water quality continues to

remain satisfactory as it was before the Lockdown period.

of 54

Amlakhadi

· Amlakhadi at pungam lock down effect has been observed as improved the water

quality due to reduction of COD (24%), BOD (22%) Although there have been no any

improvement on Dissolved oxygen concentration observed. No significant impact of

lockdown on water quality has been observed at Amlakhadi after confluence of

wastewater for Ankleshwar drain at N.H.No.8.,

· No significant impact of lockdown on water quality has been observed for River

Bhogavo at Wadhvan Bridge, Downstream of Surendranagar city, Surendranagar

and River Bhadar At Dublipat i.e. Downstream of Jetpur.

17. Conclusion

The lockdown has significantly helped to improve the health of the water quality of

Rivers where the Industrial wastewater discharge has been the major sources of water

pollution and deteriorate the water quality. The most improved water quality stations are

River Sabarmati at Miroli, Sabarmati after confluence With River Vatrak at Vautha,

Sabarmati at V.N. Bridge, Khariat Lali Village Near Ahmedabad, River Khari after

confluence With Kharicut Canal Ropada, Kharicut canal before confluence With River

Khari Ropada, Kharicut Canal Near Dehagam Naroda Road Bridge, Naroda, Kharicut

Canal At Odhav Kathavada Road Bridge and Kharicut Canal behind Maradiya

Chemicals, Ahmedabad, River Shedhi, River Mindhola, Vishwamitri Downstream of at

Khalipur and Amlakhadi at Pungam. There has been no significant improvement in the

water quality of River polluted due to discharge of domestic wastewater which are

Amlakhadi after confluence of wastewater for Ankleshwar drain at N.H.No.8, River

Bhogavo at Wadhvan Bridge, Downstream of Surendranagar city, Surendranagar and

River Bhadar At Dublipat i.e. Downstream of Jetpur. Those Rivers stations qualities were

good before the Lockdown remain in good conditions during the lockdown.

Hence it can be concluded definitely that there has been improved the health of rivers

water quality due to enforcement of national lockdown which has minimalize the inflow

of pollutants into the rivers.

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18. References

1. Water Year Book 2011-12: Mahi, Sabarmati & Other West Flowing Rivers

(http://www.cwc.nic.in / regional offices/ ntbo / Water%20Year%20Book/WYB-mahi-

2011-12.pdf) (PDF). Gandhinagar: Central Water Commission. 2012. p. 14.

2. "Sabarmati River, INDIA" (http://envfor.nic.in/nrcd/NRCD/Sabarmati.htm). National

River Conservation Directorate.

impact of lockdown due to covid 19 pandemic on surface water … · 2020. 5. 15. · three days bod...

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