IMPACT OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES ON ORNAMENTAL

FISH CULTURE ON THE EMPOWERMENT STATUS

OF THE TRAINEESPresented by

Yarrakula Mahesh Babu

MFT-09014Dept. of

Fisheries Extension

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

1. PILOT SURVEY

2. MAIN SURVEY

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

Aquarium keeping is amongst the most popular of hobbies with millions of enthusiasts worldwide.

Due to low production cost, higher returns in a very short time span, there is an ever growing demand for ornamental fishes both in the domestic and international markets.

The wholesale value of the global ornamental

fish trade is estimated to be US$ 1 billion

while the retail value is US$ 6 billion.

The entire industry, including accessories and

fish feed, is estimated to be worth around

US$18-20 billion.

Singapore is the largest exporter for many

years and exports more than double that of the

top five exporters for the last 2-3 decades.

India is endowed with a suitable climate, abundant water resources, rich biodiversity and large manpower base.

the unit value of ornamental fish is higher than

the food fish.

The greatest volume or number of individuals in the trade, some 90-96% is of freshwater origin and is produced in commercial aquaculture facilities.

most of the marine ornamentals, over 90%, are from wild-caught fisheries.

Empowerment status is a process of awareness and capacity building leading to greater participation, to greater decision making power.

METHODOLOGY

1. Selection of the study area.

2. Selection of the study blocks and respondents.Pilot survey – Ottapidaram (20)Main survey

SL.No Name of

the district

Name of the

blocks

selected

Number of

respondents

selected

 

1.

 

Thoothukudi

Thoothukudi 50

Srivaikuntam 35

Alwarthirunaga

ri

35

  Total 120

3. Identification of variables

Based on the literature available and

discussion held with the extension officials,

a list of independent variables and different

ornamental fish culture practices were prepared.

Variables

No.

Independent variables

X1 Age X2 Educational statusX3 Occupational status X4 Family statusX5 Farming experienceX6 Annual expenditure X7 Economic motivationX8 Credit orientationX9 Training needs

X10 Information source exposure

X11 Material possession X12 Social participation statusX13 Extension linkage systemX14 Scientific orientation X15 Risk orientation X16 Self confidenceX17 Innovativeness X18 Knowledge level

Dependent variable

Y1 Adoption

Y2 Annual income

4. Operationalization and measurement of independent &

dependent variables.

Adoption = X 100

Sl.

No.

Categor

y

Years Scor

e

1. Young Upto 35 3

2. Middle 36-45 2

3. Old Above

45

1

5. Development of interview schedule.

After incorporating suggestions of fisheries

experts, a well- structured interview schedule

was finally designed.

6. Method of data collection.

The data was collected from the selected respondents after building up a good rapport with the selected variables.

The data were collected through personal interview.

7. Statistical tools used.Percentage analysis.

Mean & Standard deviation.

Correlation coefficient.

Results

Young (up to 35 years) Middle (36-45 years) Old (above 45 years)

41

49

3034.17%

40.83%

25%

AGENumber Percentage

Illiterate Functional illiterates Primary Middle Secondary Collegiate

0

13

23

53

19

12

0%

10.83%

19.17%

44.17%

15.83%

10%

EDUCATIONAL STATUS

Number Percentage

Sl.No Nature of the

family

Category Number Percentage

1. Family type Nuclear 85 70.83

Joint 35 29.17

    Total 120 100.00

2. Family size Upto 5 91 75.83

Above 5 29 24.17

    Total 120 100.00

FAMILY STATUS

Primary Secondary Others Nil

48

17

91

3.34% 6.67%14.16%

75.83%

OCUUPATIONAL STATUS

Number Percentage

Nil Upto 5 years 5-10 years Above 10 years

108

82 2

90%

6.66%1.67% 1.67%

FARMING EXPERIENCENumber Percentage

S.N

o

Source of

expenditure

Annual

average

expenditure

(R)

Percenta

ge

1. Food 64,280 72.79

2. Clothing 11,050 12.52

3. Education 12,980 14.69

Total 88,310 100.00

Annual expenditure of the non adopted trainees

S.No Source of

expenditure

Annual

average

expenditure

(R)

Percentag

e

1. Fisheries activities 1,39,000 53.55

2. Fisheries & allied

activities

6,000 2.32

3. Food 81,875 31.54

4. Clothing 17,375 6.69

5. Education 15,340 5.90

Total 2,59,590 100

Annual expenditure of the adopted trainees

Sl.N

o

Statement SA A UD DA SDA

1. Ornamental fish culture

main purpose is to earn

much money within the

less land

96.6

7

3.33 --- --- ---

2. Farmers should invest on

ornamental fish culture

to get more profits

within short period of

time

25 73.3

4

0.83 0.8

3

---

ECONOMIC MOTIVATION

Low Medium High

17

66

37

14.17%

55%

30.83%

CREDIT ORIENTATION

Numbers Percentage

TRAINING NEEDS

Sl.No Training

programme

Most needed Needed Not needed

No. % No. % No. %

1. Live food culture 10 8.33 53 44.17 57 47.5

2. Formulated feed

preparation

14 11.67 54 45 52 43.33

3. Marine aquarium

management

8 6.67 4 3.33 108 90

4. Cross breeding

management

8 6.67 3 2.5 109 90.83

INFORMATION SOURCE EXPOSURE

Sl.N

o

Information source Regular

(%)

Occasional

(%)

Never

(%)

1. Seminar 5 2.5 92.5

2. Training programmes 6.67 93.33 ---

3. Scientific

books/literature

1.67 9.17 89.17

4. News paper 40 50 10

5. Aquarium related

magazine and other

publications

1.67 7.5 90.83

6. Radio programmes 5.83 76.67 17.5

7. Television programmes 97.5 2.5 ---

8. Other (internet) 0.83 3.33 95.83

MATERIAL POSSESSION

Sl.No Type of material Number Percentage

1. Earthen fish ponds --- ---

2. Cement cisterns 7 70

3. Glass tanks 10 100

4. Motor and pump 8 80

5. Water supply system 10 100

6. Electrical and power generation

system

4 40

7. Oxygen cylinder 6 60

8. Nets 10 100

9. Aerator 10 100

10. Filter 6 60

Low (below 7.14) Medium (7.14-9.58) High (above 9.58)

18

83

1915%

69.17%

15.83%

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

Number Percentage

EXTENSION LINKAGE

Sl.N

o

Category D W M 0 N

1. KVK 0.83 0.83 4.18 0.83 93.3

3

2. NGO --- --- --- --- 100

3. State Fisheries

departments

3.33 0.83 1.67 --- 94.1

7

D=Daily, W=Weekly, M=Monthly, O=Occasionally, N=Never

Low (below 33.44) Medium (33.45-39.22) High (above 39.22)

6.67%

79.16%

14.17%

Scientific orientation

Low (below 27.94) Medium (27.94-33.98) High (above 33.98)

42

51

27

35%

42.5%

22.5%

RISK ORIENTATIONNumber Percentage

Sl.No Category More

confident

(%)

Confident

(%)

Less

confident

(%)

1. Peoples 54.17 45.83 ---

2. Institutions (banks,

NGOs, Government

agencies, etc)

0.83 53.34 45.83

SELF CONFIDENCE

Sl.No Statements A

(%)

UD

(%)

DA

(%)

1. As soon as you get information

by reading a new fisheries

practice will you take immediate

step to put into practice?

15 77.5 7.5

2. The Government had help you to

establish a fisheries elsewhere

would you move?

80 --- 20

INNOVATIVENESS

Low (below 26.31) Medium (26.31-34.05) High (above 34.05)

16

84

2013.33%

70%

16.67%

KNOWLEDGENumber Percentage

10%

90%

Adoption

adoptionnon - adoption

Variables No. Independent variables r – valueX1 Age 0.235**

X2 Educational status 0.417**

X3 Occupational status 0.02NSX4 Family status 0.505**

X5 Farming experience 0.515**

X6 Annual expenditure 0.522**

X7 Economic motivation -0.227*

X8 Credit orientation 0.212*

X9 Training needs 0.258**

X10 Information source exposure 0.063NS

X11 Material possession 0,615**

X12 Social participation status 0.019NSX13 Extension linkage system 0.347**

X14 Scientific orientation -0.050NSX15 Risk orientation -0.082NSX16 Self confidence 0.156NSX17 Innovativeness -0.019NSX18 Knowledge level 0.379**

Dependent variable

Y1 Adoption 0.116NS

Cor

rela

tion

bet

wee

n th

e p

rofi

le o

f th

e re

spon

dent

s an

d th

eir

adop

tion

MOST PROGRESSIVE TRAINEES

Category Number Percentage

Low (R 50,000 & below) 9 7.50

Medium (R 50,001 to R

1,00,000)

66 55.00

High (R 1,00,001 & above) 45 37.50

ANNUAL INCOME

Variables No. Independent variables r – value

X1 Age 0.032NSX2 Educational status 0.173NSX3 Occupational status 0.446**

X4 Family status 0.101NSX5 Farming experience 0.135NSX6 Annual expenditure 0.494**

X7 Economic motivation -0.298**

X8 Credit orientation -0.055NSX9 Training needs 0.107NS

X10 Information source exposure

0.108NS

X11 Material possession 0.162NSX12 Social participation status -0.051NSX13 Extension linkage system 0.039NSX14 Scientific orientation -0.021NSX15 Risk orientation -0.066NSX16 Self confidence -0.003NSX17 Innovativeness 0.020NSX18 Knowledge level 0.071NS

Dependent variable

Y2 Annual income 0.116NS

Cor

rela

tion

bet

wee

n th

e p

rofi

le o

f th

e re

spon

dent

s an

d th

eir

empo

wer

men

t

Sl.No Problems Frequency Percentage

1. Money problem 99 82.5

2. Land problem 92 76.67

3. Assured market 48 40

PROBLEMS PERCEIVED BY THE TRAINEES

Sl.No Solutions Frequency Percentage

1. Banks and government institutes

should give sufficient financial

support to start the ornamental

fish culture

99 82.5

2. Government should provide

subsidies to purchase the land

for starting the farm

92 76.67

3. Contract farming 48 40

SOLUTIONS SUGGESTED BY THE TRAINEES

conclusionThe educational status of the respondents can

be better utilized by organizing and conducting some more training programmes to the unemployed youth for making them job providers rather than job seekers.

Contact of trainees with the extension agencies was low.

The knowledge level of the trainees was found to be medium.

A vast number of respondents are watching the television regularly.

Those who all were adopted the ornamental fish culture had higher level of income. By conducting some field visits to their farms and providing chance to interact with them, we can motivate the trainees.

More than half of the respondents showing interest in formulated feed preparation as well as live food culture training.

Unbelievable truth here is adoption is very low (10%).

To improve the adoption rate, trainings should be conducted for those who have real need.

THANK YOU