impacto biotech farmacia
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7/28/2019 Impacto Biotech Farmacia
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
The application of science and technology to living organisms,
as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or
non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and
services.
(OECD Biotechnology Statistics. Paris, 2006)
BIOLOGIA
Agriculural producs
Stem cells
Cloning
Knock-out animals
BIOQUMICA
Biopharmaceuticals
Green chemistry
Bioremediation
Biofuels
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Biotechnology applications
• Medicine and health care
– Biopharmaceuticals (recombinant insulin or monoclonal antibodies) (9%
turnover of pharmaceutical co. in EU) – Recombinant vaccines (17% turnover vaccines in EU)
– In vitro diagnostics, mainly immunoassays and nucleic-acid tests (30%turnover in EU)
• Primary production and agro-food
– Breeding and propagation of crops, livestock and fish
– Feed additive production
– Veterenary and food diagnostics
– Veterinaty vaccines
– Enzymes for food production
• Industrial production processes, energy and the environment
– Textile finishing
– Pulp and paper manufacturing
– Detergents
– Certain chemical products
– Bioethanol production – bioremediation
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MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE (1)
Nucleic-Acid
related
technologies
High-throughput sequencing of
genome, gene, DNA
DNA synthesis and amplificationGenetic engineering
Anti-sense technology
siRNA technology
Analysis and
modification of genetic
material
Protein related
technologies
High throughput protein/peptide
identification, quantification and sequencing
Analysis and
modification ofproteins
Metabolite-related
technologies
High-throughput metabolite
identification and quantification
Metabolic pathway engineering
Analysis of metabolites
(small molecules)
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MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE(2)
Cellular /sub-
cellular related
technologies
Cell hybridizacion/fusion
Tissue engineering
Embryo technology
Stem-cell-related technologies
Gene delivery
Fermentation and downstream
processing
Cell manipulation for
various applications
Supporting tools Bioinformatics
Application of
computational tools
and storage biological
data
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MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Imp act of biotechnolog y
PREVENTION
DIAGNOSIS
THERAPEUTICS
MEDICINE
PHARMACY
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MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Imp act of biotechnolog y MEDICINE
PHARMACY
RECOMB INANT VACCINES
DIAGNOSIS
BIOPHARCAEUTICALS
ORGANIC INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTION
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VACCINES
Process of viral infection
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The immune response
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The adpative immune system
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FIRST GENERATION VACCINES
A traditional vaccine consists of live attenuated bacteria or viruses, of dead or inactivated bacteria of of specific surface
proteins of pathogens, e.g. harvested from the plasma of infected
patients.
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RECOMBINANT VACCINES
Proteins or naked DNA
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HER-2/NEU Protein as Target
Growingcancer
cells
Breast cancer patient
Her-2/neu gene
Growth factor HER-2/NEU receptor
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An Antibody Called Herceptin
Growthslows
Breast cancer patient
Growth factor Herceptin blocks receptor
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Old Way
PathologyPatient’s
tissue sample
Molecular diagnostics
Genetics
Immunochamical
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DIAGNOSTICS
• Genetic testing
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Molecular Diagnostics
Microarray image
Old Way
Proteins
DNA
New Way
Patient’s tissue sample
or blood sample
Genomics
Proteomics
PathologyPatient’s
tissue sample
Mass spectrometry Proteomic image
Gene chip
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Monoclonal antibodies
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DIAGNOSTICS
Infectious disease testing
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DIAGNOSTICS
• Protein based
– Detection of a protein by a specific antobody
• Tests that are used to identify changes in the levels of proteins
during disease• Identify foreign proteins during an infection
• DNA-based
– Identify alterations in the DNA sequence correlating with
disease or a heightened risk of developing the disease
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DIAGNOSTICS
• Infectious disease testing – Viral (HIV, hepatitis, EBV, RSV, herpes and CMV)
– Bacterial (TB, lyme, H. Pyroli, salmonella and sexual transmitteddiseases)
• Cancer – Genes and viruses associated with specific cancers
– Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) permits to see taggedsequences in cells
– Serum screening: p.e. PSA (prostate specific antigen)
• Genetic testing
– FISH is applied for genetic screening for chromosomeabnormalities
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DIAGNOSTICS
• Sensitivity down to a single molecule
• Results are obtained faster
• The amplification technique this will dominate the market
EU 2004
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BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
• Peptides and proteins produced in large scale
produced through recombinat DNA technologies
using microorgnanisms or cell curtures as “cell
factories”
• 1982 Recombinant human insulin
• 15% turnover out of all pharmacuticals
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BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
• Hormones: insulin, growth hormone
• Thrombolytic agents
• Blood factors: factor VIII, factor IX
• Haematopietic growth factors
• Interferons
• Interleukin based products
• Monoclonal antibodies• Antisense therapy
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ORGANIC INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS
• Enzyme and/or microorganisms production
– Antibiotics
– Vitamins
– amino acids
– Biotechnology based polymers
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EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS• Cell-based therapies
– Tissue engineering, aimed at regernetaring diseased tissuesand organs through the use of cells and the aid of supportingstructures and/or biomolecules.
• Autologous skin replacements, cartilage and bonde products
• Stem cells
Application in clinic: bone marrow transplantation froleukemia patients
– Embryonic stem cells, capable of differenciate in any of the200 cell types.
– Adult stem cells, capable of mature only in that type of tissue
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EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS
• Gene Therapy
– Introduction of a gene into a cell, resulting in a product which
achieves a specific therapeutic goal.
– This has been applied for the treatment of one type of
severe combined immunodeficiency.• Antisense and RNA interference (RNA-based
therapies)
The goal is the selective inhibition of gene expression and thus
protein production.
– Antisense technology uses synthesized short, single
stranded sequences of nucleic acids
– RNA interference goal is to silence gene expression by
enzymatic cleavage.
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EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS
• Therapuetic vaccines
Not used in a prophylactic sense, but for the treatment of
varioues diseses, including infectious diseses.
This vaccines use disease specific proteins as antigens to boostor induce a specific response in the patient with the aim of
treating an already existing condition.
• Pharmacogenetics – The study of the influence of genetic variation on inter-
individual differences in drug response with the aim of
tailoring therapy to individual genetic make-up