impacts of building performance monitoring on...
TRANSCRIPT
Impacts of building performance monitoring on integrated energy management
K. MenzelUniversity College Cork, School of Engineering
F. KatzemichHSG Zander
A. MahdaviTU Wien, Dept. of Building Physics and Building Ecology
What are CAMPUS 21 and BaaS ?THE APPLICATION VIEW
CAMPUS 21 BaaS
Assessment Services
Prediction Services
Mid
dlew
are
Monitoring Data
Sports Complex
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 2CESBP 2013
Services
Optimisation Services
Mid
dlew
are
Actuation SignalsStadium
Campus
What are CAMPUS 21 and BaaS ?The ‘DATA CENTRIC’ VIEW
o Data Mgmt.o Data Analysiso Data Processing
Reporting MaintenanceMgmt. Control
Load Balancing
Sensed &Metered Data
o Procuremento Business
Models
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 3CESBP 2013
o Data Processing
Weather Data
historical
predictedTimetables(predicted)
Occupation
Access Control(historical)
BIM (product)
BIM (process)
Models
What is Building Performance ?
o Building’s Performance needs to be analysed holisti cally.
o In case of CAMPUS21 we monitor two aspects of performance:
1. The User Comfort
2. The Energy used to provide certain comfort levels.
ComfortPerformance= ---------------------------------
Energy Consumption
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 4CESBP 2013
Scale and Scope
Energy Cost Only
Bldg. Comfort & Energy Cost
Full Cost of Ownership
o Scale and scope of Performance Analysis dependson the stakeholder perspective
OwnerArchitect
Occupant
User
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Sin
gle
Sy
ste
m
Fu
ll P
rod
uct
Pe
rsp
ecti
ve
Systems-in-Systems
FM-Service ProviderOperator
Energy Provider
Component Manufacturer
PPP-participant
ESCO
What are generally applicable KPI ?
o User and Operator perspective
• It is important to identify failure in “delivering” commonly agreed comfort levels.
• Service levels either determined by legislation or engineering/design standards.
• The evaluation of service levels depends on certain perspectives, such as:� Location: ‘Spaces’ with certain function
� Time: Within a given time period
� Organisation: A certain client, service provider, operator
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 6CESBP 2013
Examples for Comfort KPI
o The KPI used for PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS:
• Underperformance Time (UPT)... Defines the ratio of time underperforming to total operational hours
• Underperformance Ratio (UPR):... Defines the ratio of spaces underperforming to total spaces available
• Proportional Underperformance (UPP)... Defines the ratio of underperforming spaces per organisation
to total spaces available to this specific organisation;
• Underperformance Index (UPI)... Defines the ratio of underperforming spaces serviced by a
subsystem(s) to total spaces serviced by this subsystem(s);
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Categories for User Behaviour
o One can identify KPI covering multiple perspectives , such as:
• Occupation Density... Defines the ratio of real (measured) numbers of people occupying a
’space’ compared to the maximum number of possible occupants in a
‘space’.
• Occupation Density Categoryprovides a grouping for the above to allow easier evaluation;
e.g. more than 75%, 40 to 75%, less than 40%
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QUALITY how SERVICES are delivered
o The KPI distinguishes if component/sub-system/syste ms are active or inactive
• Absolute Use Intensity... Defines the ratio of real (measured or calculated) use
to the maximal possible “capacity” of a component, sub-system, system
• Absolute Use Intensity Category... Provides a grouping for the above
e.g. More than 75%, 40 to 75%, less than 40%)
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS opage 9CESBP 2013
Evaluation of of SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
o Compared Use Intensity... Delivers a value indicating if different systems interact against each other.
o Required Steps:
• Identify, what (sub) systems are installed in the building(on a Campus)
• Identify “load cases” and • Identify “load cases” and (e.g. Load Case 1: Use Heating and Cooling)
• Define rules characterising the interdependencies between the contributing systems(e.g. Heating should not be active when cooling is “on”)
• Compare Use Intensities (UI) of contributing systems
• Classify result (good, critical, dysfunctional)
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS opage 10CESBP 2013
Evaluation of Energy consumed normalised Energy consumed
o Metered Energy Consumption... Simply delivers the summary of meter readings
for dedicated periods of time (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.)
o Normalised Metered Energy Consumption... The normalised value using Degree Days as instrument to compensate for
weather impacts.
o Green Factor... Defines the ratio between energy from renewable sources (co-generated)
and TOTAL energy consumed
o Equivalent CO 2-Emissions (ECE)ECE = f(Energy Mix of {organisation})
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The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (1)
Advanced
Building ControlAdvanced
Building Control
Time
Either:Hourly Scale
or Daily Scaleor Weekly Scale
or Monthly Scale
Organisation
Either: Group Scaleor Department Scale
or Branch Scaleor Company Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 12CESBP 2013
Location
Either: Space (room) Scaleor Building Storey Scale
or Building Scaleor Site (campus) Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Either: Component Scale (CoP)or Sub-System Scaleor System Scale or System-in-System Scale
System
The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (2)
Load BalancingLoad BalancingLoad Balancing
Time
Either:Hourly Scale
or Daily Scaleor Weekly Scale
or Monthly Scale
Organisation
Either: Group Scaleor Department Scale
or Branch Scaleor Company Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 13CESBP 2013
Location
Either: Space (room) Scaleor Building Storey Scale
or Building Scaleor Site (campus) Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Either: Component Scale (CoP)or Sub-System Scaleor System Scale or System-in-System Scale
System
The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (3)
FailureFailure
Time
Either:Hourly Scale
or Daily Scaleor Weekly Scale
or Monthly Scale
Organisation
Either: Group Scaleor Department Scale
or Branch Scaleor Company Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 14CESBP 2013
Failure
IdentificationFailure
Identification
Location
Either: Space (room) Scaleor Building Storey Scale
or Building Scaleor Site (campus) Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Either: Component Scale (CoP)or Sub-System Scaleor System Scale or System-in-System Scale
System
The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (4)
Time
Either:Hourly Scale
or Daily Scaleor Weekly Scale
or Monthly Scale
Organisation
Either: Group Scaleor Department Scale
or Branch Scaleor Company Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 15CESBP 2013
Maintenance
ManagementMaintenance
Management
Maintenance
Management
Maintenance
Management
Location
Either: Space (room) Scaleor Building Storey Scale
or Building Scaleor Site (campus) Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Either: Component Scale (CoP)or Sub-System Scaleor System Scale or System-in-System Scale
System
The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (5)
Time
Either:Hourly Scale
or Daily Scaleor Weekly Scale
or Monthly Scale
Organisation
Either: Group Scaleor Department Scale
or Branch Scaleor Company Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 16CESBP 2013
BenchmarkingBenchmarkingBenchmarkingBenchmarking
Location
Either: Space (room) Scaleor Building Storey Scale
or Building Scaleor Site (campus) Scale
or Best Practice Scale
Either: Component Scale (CoP)or Sub-System Scaleor System Scale or System-in-System Scale
System
Normalisation
o Most of the KPI can be calculated on a scale betwee n
• 0:= “worst case”
• 1:=“best case”
o This supports the introduction of ‘combined evaluation criteria’, such as
Average Service Quality (ASQ)
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 17CESBP 2013
o Finally, a Total Building Performance Indicator (TE) can be introduced.
o This would allow for a ‘generic benchmarking’of building’s performance from using a holistic perspective.
TE= ASQ / (c /((Wgains – W purchase) +k))
• With TE >= 0 � energy positive building
• TE = 0 � ASQ=0 “worst case”
• TE <=0 � energy consuming building
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 18CESBP 2013
Summary
o We have developed a methodology that can be used to evaluate building performance
• On different scales
• From different perspectives.
o The integration of evaluation factors allows the evaluation of multiple systems on a larger scal ethe evaluation of multiple systems on a larger scal eand cross-organisational benchmarking.
o Formulas provided for the calculation of integrated performance indicators are rather simpli sticand need to be further developed.
Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 19CESBP 2013