impacts of new york city’s - wordpress.com · 4/4/2016 · background nycedc initiated a study in...
TRANSCRIPT
Impacts of New York City’s
Waterways
Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman
Background
NYCEDC initiated a study in Oct 2015 to better understand
the value of New York City’s Borough waterways and
identify opportunities to grow waterborne commerce (via
barge)
The study included significant outreach to the maritime
community:
- Tug and barge businesses (operators)
- Water-dependent businesses (shippers/receivers)
- NYS Dept of Environmental Conservation
(regulatory)
- US Army Corps of Engineers (regulatory)
As outlined in Mayor deBlasio’s OneNYC, freight
transportation by water is encouraged where possible, with
ambitious growth goals
Water freight provides significant public benefits by
- Limiting truck use, which
o Improves air quality, lowers carbon footprint
(Mayor’s 80% reduction by 2050 aka 80X50)
o Reduces roadway congestion
- Providing good-paying, middle class jobs
2
Fuel Barge on Newtown Creek Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman
NYC’s Borough Waterways
3
12 borough waterways
have maritime industrial
businesses across New
York City.
These waterways are
connected to the
maritime economy by
approximately 6 primary
channels
Eastchester Creek
Westchester Creek
Flushing Bay / Flushing Creek
Jamaica Bay
Head of Bay
Mott Basin
Bronx River
Newtown Creek
Gowanus Creek/ Gowanus Canal
Vernam Basin
Coney Island Creek
Jamaica Bay Reaches A & B
Hudson River
East River
Kill Van Kull to
Arthur Kill
Anchorage Channel
Ambrose Channel
Buttermilk Channel
Yesterday: A Brief History of NYC’s Borough Waterways
In the early 1800’s, many of NYC’s
secondary waterways were once tidal
estuaries and creeks that were later
excavated or filled for commercial use.
They became home to NYC’s industrial base
(e.g. smelting plants, tanneries, shipyards,
coal yards, paint and ink factories)
The maritime infrastructure (canals with
bulkheads) created in the 1800s and 1900s
continues to support NYC’s overall economy.
4
Gowanus Canal – Today Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman
Gowanus Canal – Early 20th Century Photo Courtesy: thesixthborough.com
Today: Snapshot of Water Freight in NYC’s Borough
Waterways
5
Scrap metal business (Pascap) on Eastchester Creek
looking North Photo Courtesy: Tugster.com, Will Van Dorp
4.4M tons of cargo were handled in 20141
These volumes equate to 4% of all cargo
handled in the Port of NY and NJ
These secondary waterways together would
rank as the 81st largest port in the US, larger
than Bridgeport, CT (#89)
There are approximately 35 active
businesses using the waterways
Approximately 700 jobs2 are supported, with
average salaries between $90K to $120K/yr
Inland water freight contributed to economic
output of $300M for 2014
1. USACE 2014 Waterborne Commerce Data
2. Inland water freight transportation industry and
associated support services (direct, indirect, induced)
3. Source: NYCEDC Maritime Support Services Study,
2007
Overall, marine support services
employs 7,100 direct jobs
(including main channels) and
contributes to $2B in economic
impact3
Environmental Benefits
6
Each year, about 440,000 truck
trips are eliminated1, which is
equivalent to about 30 days2 worth
of traffic on the George Washington
Bridge, world’s busiest bridge
Up to 6.6 million truck miles
travelled are saved3
- = $2.65M saved in infrastructure
(roadway maintenance) costs4
11,220 tons of CO2 are saved per
year5
Inland barging emits 90% and 95%
less CO and NO than trucks per
mile6
1. Based on 20 tons per truck (220,000 one way trips)
2. Based on 14,000 trucks cross eastbound GWB
3. Based on 15 mile truck distance
4. 6.6Mmiles*$.40/miles
5. Source: EDF Green Freight Handbook
((6,600,000X1,700g/mile)/1,000,000g/metric ton))
6. Source: Port of Victoria
7. Source: Port of Pittsburgh
8. Source: NYCEDC Maritime Support Services Study, 2007
Overall, marine support services
eliminates 3.1M trucks from NYC
roads each year8
Cargo Capacity Equivalents 7
Major Commodities by Weight
7
#1 Aggregate
• Fluctuates based on business cycle
• Customers include building construction
companies, NYCDOT (salt)
• Ex: Crushed stone, sand, gravel
#2 Fuel
• Due to increase in fuel efficiency, fuel
demand has decreased
• Customers include distributors of home
heating oil
• Ex: Gasoline, alcohol
#3 Recyclables & Scrap Metal
• An export industry that continues to
transform as recycling increases
• Customers include Sims Municipal
Recycling
• Ex: Glass, paper, plastic, metal
Data source: USACE, 2014
0
2000
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12000
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‘000 t
on
s
Volumes
Aggregates Fuel Waste & Scrap Other
43%
37%
20%
Other = Timber
2001: Closure of
Fresh Kills Landfill
Commodities: Aggregates
8
Source/Origin
• Quarries north of NYC, which are typically
adjacent to the Hudson e.g. Clinton Point,
Haverstraw
• Tilcon is the primary supplier of aggregate to
NYC
Industry Trends
• Tugs move multiple barges to mooring buoys in
NY Harbor
• Individual barges then distributed from mooring
buoys to aggregate plants in NYC
• Increased recycling is impacting the volumes of
virgin material
Major Locations
• Flushing Bay, Jamaica Bay, Gowanus
Companies Interviewed
• Tilcon, Peckham, RCA Asphalt, NYCDOT,
Inwood Material Terminal, Seville Ready Mix,
Empire Transit Mix
• NYCDOT terminal in Flushing is being renovated
to receive waterborne aggregates
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,000 t
on
s
Aggregates Volume for Secondary Channels
Clinton Point
Data source: USACE
Photo Credit: Center for Urban Land Use Interpretation
Commodities: Fuel
9
Source/Origin
• Fuel originates from terminals in New Jersey and
Staten Island via pipeline or rail
Industry Trends
• Fuel users transitioning to other fuels (natural gas,
renewables)
• Fuel efficiency increasing (boilers and engines)
• Barges continue to supplement pipeline
transportation for redundancy (e.g. JFK airport via
Buckeye Pipeline)
• Oil companies selling facilities (e.g. BP selling
property on Newtown Creek)
• Some facilities owned by regional/national
companies: Motiva, Sprague
• Other facilities owned by local companies: Bayside
Fuel, Schildwachter, Skaggs
Major Locations
• Newtown Creek, Gowanus, Jamaica Bay
Companies Interviewed
• Bayside Fuel, Sprague, Schildwachter, Skaggs
Tug and fuel barge on Newtown Creek Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman
Data source: USACE
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
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,000 t
on
s
Fuel Volume for Secondary Channels
Crude Petroleum Gasoline
Kerosene Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil Alcohols
Commodities: Scrap Metal & Waste
10
Source/Origin
• Scrap metal and waste collected in NYC
for export
Industry Trends
• Transition to (residential) recycling
• Increased use of barges and rail
• DSNY to have four MTS by 2019:
Flushing Bay (QN), Hamilton Ave (BK), E
91st Street (MN), Southwest Brooklyn
• Once complete, additional 1.3M
tons expected on secondary
waterways
• Visy Paper on Staten Island processes
City paper, move toward single stream
possible
• Sims under contract to DSNY for
recyclables
Major locations
• Newton Creek, Bronx River
Companies Interviewed
• Sims Municipal Recycling, Inwood
Material Terminal
Recyclables barge on Newtown Creek (Sims) Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman
0
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93
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‘00
0 t
on
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Scrap Metal and Waste Volumes for Secondary Waterways
Waste & Scrap (Not Elsewhere Classified) Iron & Steel Scrap
2001: Closure of Fresh Kills Landfill
Iron and Steel prices increase
four fold between 2002 and
20121 1. Source: http://www.nypress.com/when-times-
get-tough-the-tough-get-rolling/ 2. City Limits. DSNY.
20
15
2015: 1.8M of 3M total tons of
DSNY residential and institutional
waste moved via rail or water2
Why do businesses choose to use water transportation?
Cost effective compared to trucking for
most bulk commodities that are heavy
and inexpensive (price per unit)
Businesses can locate closer to
customers/end users in urban areas (e.g.
Sprague Energy) and reduce
transportation costs
- Savings of $10.67/ton when
shipped via barge compared to
trucking1
- That saves approximately
$44,000,000 for NYC businesses
Best for transporting goods that are not
time sensitive (construction material,
aggregates)
- Not subject to roadway congestion
11
Sprague Energy on Eastchester Creek Photo Courtesy: Sprague.com
Hamilton Asphalt (NYCDOT) on Gowanus Creek
1. Source: Port of Victoria, Texas
Water Freight Tonnages 2014, by location
12
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
‘00
0 t
on
s
Aggregate Fuel Waste & Scrap Other
Data source: USACE Gowanus Creek Channel and Canal volumes combined, though USACE classifies as two different waterways
• Newtown Creek is #1
borough waterway in NYC by
tonnage, Gowanus Creek
and Channel #2
• Both designated as
Superfund Sites in 2010,
now managed by US EPA
• Once a waterway transports
over 1M tons/year, it is
considered “high use” by the
Army Corps, however this in
an informal guideline, among
other criteria
• Hitting 1M tons/yr does not
ensure waterway is
guaranteed to be dredged, but
increases likelihood
Other = timber
NYCEDC to focus
on these locations
Newtown Creek – 8 businesses using the waterway
13
Channel Characteristics
• Superfund site
• Authorized depth: 12’ to 23’
• Current depth: 3’ to 16’
• Last dredged: 1951, 80,000 CY
Maritime Industrial Users
• 9 active users
4 scrap: Sims Municipal Recycling, TNT,
Charles King, Allocco Recycling
4 fuel: Motiva, Metro Fuel, Amaco / BP,
Bayside
1 public facility: NYCDEP
• 3 possible users
2 aggregates: Empire Transit Mix, Nycon
Supply Corp (concrete)
1 fuel: Getty
Maritime Activity
• Tons/year: 1M+
• Vessel calls/year: 1,001
Motiva
Metro Fuel
Amaco/BP
Bayside
Sims
TNT Scrap
Charles King
Allocco Recycling
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
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93
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‘00
0 t
on
s
Aggregates Fuel Waste & Scrap
Ferrara Bros
Nycon Supply Corp
Empire Transit Mix
Eastchester Creek – 3 businesses using the waterway, 1 of
which is in NYC
14
Channel Characteristics
• Authorized depth: 10’
• Current depth: 2’ to 7’
• Last dredged: 1989, 2010, 25,000 CY for $3M
($120/CY)
Maritime Industrial Activity
• 3 Active Users
1 scrap: Pascap
1 fuel: Sprague Oil
1 aggregate: RCA Asphalt
• 4 Possible Users
1 fuel: Getty
3 aggregate: Canal Asphalt, Peckham
Industries, TBC
Maritime Activity
• Tons/year: 360,000
• Vessel calls/year: 332
RCA Asphalt
Sprague
Pascap
RCA Asphalt
Peckham
Getty
Canal Asphalt
Photo Credit: Digital Globe
Westchester Creek & Bronx River - 3 businesses using the
waterways
15
Channel Characteristics
• WC: Authorized depth: 12’
• WC: Current depth: 12’
• WC: Last dredged: 1991104,000 CY for
$1,092,661 ($10.45/CY)
• BR: Authorized depth: 10’
• BR: Current depth: 10’
• BR: Last dredged: 1991, 64,158 CY for
$770,629 ($12.01CY)
Maritime Industrial Users
• 3 Active Users
1 scrap: Sims Metal
Management
1 fuel: Schildwachter Oil
1 aggregate: Casa Ready Mix
• 1 possible user
1 waste/scrap: Castle Hill Recycling
Maritime Activity
• WC Tonnage/year: 49,000
• WC Vessel calls/year: 44
• BR Tonnage/year: 293,000
• BR Vessel calls/year: 510
Schildwachter Oil
Casa Ready Mix
Sims Metal Management
Castle Hill Recycling
Photo Credit: Digital Globe
Waterway infrastructure
Federal Channel
• Navigation channel that receives federal
authorization for US Army Corps of Engineers
to construct and maintain (usually via
dredging)
Berth
• Where barges moor to load/unload
• Requires sufficient water depth to place a
barge adjacent to a bulkhead
• Responsibility for dredging rests with berth
owner/user
Connector
• Links berth with channel
• Responsibility for dredging rests with berth
owner/user
Bulkhead
• Wood or steel retaining wall
• Needs to be maintained
• Supports equipment to load/unload barges
16
Physical components of borough waterways that require maintaining
Dredging & Downward Spiral of Waterborne Commerce
Due to regulatory or financial
constraints, many maritime-
dependent businesses do not
dredge berth or connector.
17
Once tonnage falls below
a critical threshold (1M
tons/yr), Army Corps less
inclined to dredge federal
channels.
Therefore, overall tonnage
decreases along a
particular waterway.
If the Army Corps does not
dredge federal channel, fewer
business are unable to use
channels for commerce.
1 2
3
4
Why does this matter?
With fully operable waterways…
Truck traffic decreases
o An estimated 60,000 to 90,000 truck trips
could be eliminated if potential sites are
dredged
Environmental savings of 11K tons
CO2/yr
Infrastructure savings of $2M+
Private sector businesses supported
o 35 businesses actively receiving product
supported
City priorities are aligned
o 80 X 50 (emissions reductions)
o Vision Zero (fewer trucks = fewer fatalities)
o OneNYC (increase in water freight)
o SMIA (Significant Maritime Industrial Areas)
and PMAZ (Priority Marine Activity Zones)
Resiliency and redundancy promoted
o RRAP (Regional Resiliency Assessment
Program)
18
Peckham on Eastchester Creek
relies on 10,000 truck trips/year
Silted berth = unable to barge