Imperialism

Imperialism Domination of one

country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Causes Economic interests Political and Military Humanitarian and Religious Goals Social Darwinism

Economic Interests Overseas expansion Wanted natural

resources New markets of

consumers Place for growing

population

Political and Military Needed bases to get supplies Nationalism National security Prestige

Humanitarian and Religious Missionaries Doctors

Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest for human

societies Racial superiority Improving human species

3 C’s Commerce Christianity Civilization

Types of Rule Direct rule Indirect rule Protectorate

Direct Rule Send officials to rule Impose culture on colonies

Indirect Rule Used local ruler Used military force if necessary

Protectorate Local rulers European advisors

Africa in Early 1800s Nearly 3 times

the size of Europe

Hundreds of languages

Varied governments

Slave Trade European nations outlawed

transatlantic slave trade Continued to Asia

David Livingstone Explorer and

missionary Explored interior of

Africa Opposed slave

trade

Henry Stanley Explored interior of

Africa Explored Congo for

King Leopold II

Cecil Rhodes Supported

imperialism in Africa Helped Britain

expand empire Promoted

separation of races

Berlin Conference Held to avoid

bloodshed No Africans invited European power

couldn’t claim land unless it had government office there

France Took large share of

Africa Colonies in West

and Central Africa

Britain Heavily populated

regions with rich resources

West and East Africa Clashed with Boers

Boer War 1899-1902 In South Africa Guerrilla fighting British won

Resistance Armed resistance Yaa Asantewaa

› Queen of Asante› Led fight against

British

Ethiopia Menelik II

› Modernized Ethiopia

Latest weapons and European officers

Battle of Adowa› smashed Italian

invaders Preserved

independence

African Elite New class emerged Admired Western ways Clashed with traditions