Imperialism and Imperialism and Progressivism Progressivism

Unit 5

Becoming a World Becoming a World PowerPower

Chapter 14 Section 31872 - 1912

American Diplomacy in AsiaAmerican Diplomacy in Asia

The Open Door Policy◦China and Japan went to war over Korea ◦Japan easily won and Korea was granted its

independence◦Russia is concerned about Japan’s rising power◦Sphere of Influence – area where a foreign nation controlled economic development such as a railroad or mining

American Diplomacy in AsiaAmerican Diplomacy in Asia

Boxer Rebellion◦Secret Chinese societies organized◦The Society of Harmonious Fists (Boxers)

The group wanted to destroy both the foreign devils and their Christian converts

Killed more than 200 foreigners ◦A German ambassador to China was killed ◦This angered European countries and they sent troops

to China John Hay (Secretary of State) convinced the

participating powers to accept compensation from China

An American DiplomacyAn American Diplomacy

Open Door Policy◦All countries would be allowed to trade with China

◦All the nations agreed to accept the Open Door Policy

◦Is everybody happy with the open door policy?? Who is/not?

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

1900 – McKinley was re-elected to the presidency but was shot in 1901

Theodore Roosevelt took over the presidency ◦42 years old – youngest president to ever take

office◦Big imperialistic person◦Accepted the idea of Anglo-Saxonism and the

need to spread this belief

Roosevelt’s DiplomacyRoosevelt’s Diplomacy

Balancing Power in East Asia◦Roosevelt supported the open door policy◦Japan and Russia had been fighting over land

so the United States steps in to help stop the arguments

◦During a peace conference Russia agreed to recognize Japan’s land and Japan had to agree not to take any more land

◦How do you think Japan feels about this agreement? About the US?

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

The Panama Canal◦“Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”

Spread our image and our power to the world◦Roosevelt wanted a canal that would allow the

Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean to meet◦But we have got one big problem. . .

Roosevelt’s DiplomacyRoosevelt’s Diplomacy

The Panama Canal◦The US and GB had agreed not to build a canal

without the other knowing about it◦Hay-Paunceforte Treaty – gave the United States exclusive rights to build a canal through Central America

◦Secretary of State – John Hay offered Columbia $10 million and a yearly rent of $250,000

◦Columbia refused the money

Roosevelt Diplomacy Roosevelt Diplomacy

The Panama Canal ◦Panama hates being ruled by the Columbians◦Roosevelt orders ten warships of the coast of

Panama ◦Panama’s citizens revolt against the Columbian

government ◦US Citizens protested because of the

underhandedness that took place

Roosevelt Diplomacy Roosevelt Diplomacy

The Roosevelt Corollary ◦Americans were becoming concerned about the

debts that Latin America owed to European banks

◦Roosevelt Corollary – the United States would intervene in Latin America affairs when necessary to maintain economic and political stability in the Western Hemisphere

Roosevelt Diplomacy Roosevelt Diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy ◦William Taft became president after Roosevelt stepped down

◦Taft supported less of military force and more on helping industry

◦American businesses should increase their trade and profits then countries in Latin America would rise out of poverty and social disorder

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in MexicoMexico

1912 – Woodrow Wilson is elected President

Wilson opposed imperialism The Mexican Revolution

◦Mexico had become increasingly industrialized ◦Most citizens remained poor and landless◦Victoriano Huerta took control of Mexico ◦Wilson did not like Huerta and Wilson believed

that with the United States’ help Huerta could be overthrown

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico Mexico

Wilson Sends Troop Into Mexico◦April 1914 American Sailors were arrested after

entering a restricted area◦Americans demanded an apology ◦Wilson asked for authority to use force to

remove Huerta and Congress granted it◦Anti-American riots broke out in Mexico ◦Pancho Villa and a group of guerillas burned the town of Columbus, New Mexico, and killed 16 Americans

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico Mexico

Pancho Villa◦After the attacks the United States sent 6,000

Troops under General John J. Pershing were ordered to capture Villa

◦The hunt dragged on and Wilson became more concerned about the war in Europe

◦Wilson recalled Pershing’s troops ◦Villa was never captured

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico Mexico

Wilson’s Mexican policy damaged US foreign relations

Wilson ended up following Roosevelt’s examples dealing with imperialism