imperialism/ colonialism in africa. imperialism a stronger nation conquering a weaker nation in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Imperialism/ Colonialism in Africa
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Imperialism
• A stronger nation conquering a weaker nation in order to control its resources.
• 1400s: The Portuguese begin exploring West Africa – New technology for longer
ocean voyages
• Purpose- looking for:– Gold– Direct route to India– Later: convert to Christianity
• Gain power in Africa
Avoiding Muslims in N. Africa
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Slavery Increases Interest In Africa
• Practiced in many civilizations:– China, – Parts of Africa – Egypt, – Rome – Greece
• Europeans take slavery worldwide
• Justifications:– Nationalism
• Pride in one’s country usually demonstrated through military
– Feelings of racial and religious superiority
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Discovery of the Americas
• Europeans needed to remove/ process natural resources from the New World
• How?– Trade goods (guns,
alcohol) for slaves to work fields for tobacco, sugar, etc.
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Triangular Trade
• Europe to Africa– Guns, alcohol
• Africa to Americas– Slaves
• Americas to Europe– Sugar, rum, tobacco
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Colonialism
• A stronger nation conquering a weaker nation, occupies it, and replaces its governments with its own representatives.
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European Colonialism in Africa
• 1800s: Europeans begin to move into the interior of Africa
• Reasons for increased Colonialism:– Global Power
• Need to keep up with other nations
– Control Resources– Convert to Christianity
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Partition of Africa (1895)• European nations clash in
“The Scramble For Africa”– Possible war
• Partition of Africa– 14 European nations meet
to divide Africa amongst themselves.
• Create most of the national borders which still exist
– 2 nations remain Independent
• Ethiopia: Repelled Italy• Liberia: Connections to the
US
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End of Imperialism in Africa
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Why did it end?
• The people of Africa:– Resented European
presence in their land– Resented the
inequities of colonialism
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WWI/ WWII
• The wars:– Proved that
Europeans can be beaten
• Increased resistance in parts of Africa
– Drained European power and will to control colonies
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1950’s & 1960’s
• Europe leaves many African nations to become independent
• By 1970s most African nations were free of the European powers and were independent nations
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Challenges for the new nations
• Who is in charge?– Tribal/ ethnic rivalries
• What type of government?– Authoritarian?– Democracy?– Communism?
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Legacy of Colonialism
1. Social and Cultural Disruption
• Europeans encouraged Africans to change their culture
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Legacy of Colonialism
2. Underdeveloped Human Potential
Most Africans used as labor
No African leadership encouraged
Little wealth in African hands
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Legacy of Colonialism
3. Weak Infrastructure & Exploited Resources– Europeans built
infrastructure:• Roads, hospitals,
bridges, etc– Built to increase profit
(not to benefit the people)
• Much of the continent left with little infrastructure
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Legacy of Colonialism
4. Destroyed Trade Before Colonialism:
- most trade was within Africa
- External trade was with the Middle
East Colonialism destroyed those patterns & contacts
- Therefore, they were still dependent on Europe for trade
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Legacy of Conquest
5. Colonial Boundaries 1885: Partition of Africa
- 14 European nations meet to divide
Africa- Ethnic groups
divided- rival ethnic
groups within same nation
- this encouraged war after independence
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Legacy of Colonialism
6. Colonial Governments were a poor role model
Democracy discouraged
Power through violence
Corruption