imperialism in china
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Imperialism in China. Interpret the political cartoon. 1. Who is involved? 2. What are they doing? 3. How does the cartoon make them appear?. Important Terms. unfavorable balance of trade : importing more than exporting - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IMPERIALISM IN CHINA
Interpret the political cartoon.
1. Who is involved?2. What are they doing?3. How does the cartoon make them appear?
Important Terms• unfavorable balance of trade: importing more than exporting
– example: Great Britain imported more tea, spices, silk & porcelain from China than they exported cotton & textiles to China…so Great Britain had to pay the rest of their bill in silver & gold
• extraterritoriality: foreigners do not have to follow the laws of the country in which they live…if get in trouble, they are sent to their home country for trial– example: a British person living in China would not be tried in China for
stealing…instead, they were sent back to be tried in British courts
• sphere of influences: areas where imperialist countries had exclusive trading rights– example: Great Britain in Shanghai, Nanjing & Hong Kong
• Open Door Policy: all countries had equal access to trade in China– example: all states have the same opportunities in Shanghai & Nanjing
• struggle between Westernization & modernization: struggle to keep traditional cultures, beliefs & worldviews…yet also, move forward industrially, in order, to be able to compete with imperialistic states
Spheres of Influence
1835 19151875
1839-42 Opium War-ended with Treaty of Nanjing-China opened 5 more portsfor trade with GB, paid costs of war, gave Hong Kong to GB& agreed to extraterritoriality
1850-64 Tai Ping Rebellion-peasant revolt led by Hong Xi-believed himself to be younger brother of Jesus & he had God-given vision to destroy Qing Dynasty-social reforms likeland to peasants & women equal to men-Europeans sided withQing & defeated rebellion-very bloody: over 20 milliondied
1860 GB & Fr.seized Beijing-Treaty of Tianjin-legal opium trade-China opened moreports for trade
1870s rise of Warlords-weakened Qing begins-policy of “self strengthening” -keeping Confucian values-but adopting Western technology
European states creatingSpheres of Influence-Tibet gained freedom b/cRussia & GB fighting over controlling it
rapid population growthfamine, corruption &economic troubles
1894 Sino-Japanese War-Korea & Taiwan to Japan
1898 Emperor Guang Xu-100 Days of Reform-Western style schools, banks, etc.-Empress Dowager CiXi opposed-CiXi gained control & took Guang Xucaptive
1899 John Hay (USA)Open Door Policy
1900 Boxer Rebellion“Society of Harmonious Fist”hated foreigners & Chineseconverts to Christianity (sell-outs)-defeated by combined foreign armies-CiXi finally gave in to appearance ofreforms (elections set for 1910)
1908 Guang Xu died-CiXi died next day-Qing dynasty fell apart
1911 RevolutionSun Yat-sen setupNationalist Party3 main ideas:1) military take over2) transitional phase
to prepare people for
democracy3) constitutional
democracy
after Rev. of 1911,China in chaos-Sun Yat-sen fledto Japan
Opium Wars
Taiping Rebellion
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
Sun Yat-sen & Revolution of 1911
Imperialism in Japan
1835 1875
1835-36 Commodore Matthew C. Perry came with warships to openJapan to Western trade
Japanese Society:communityhierarchy3 obedience:-child to father-wife to husband-widow to son
1863 alliance of Samurai forcedgovernment to end relations with the West
1868 Meiji RestorationMutsuhito (new ruler)wanted to modernize Japanto compete in world trade& politics…sent delegationsto study Great Britain,United States, France & Germany-moved capital to Tokyo (Edo)
1871 newmilitary
1870s-80s battle for politicalcontrol between liberals (parliamentholds supreme power)& progressives (powershared by emperor &parliament)
-women allowed towork outside home-Western music, art & fashion
1875
1889 Tokyo Schoolof Fine Arts: mergeJapanese & Western art
1880s-90s tensions with China & Russia over Korea
1890 Meiji Constitution-based on Imperial Germany-chief executive holds power-Emperor figure, but Prime Ministerhad the real power…democraticgovernment in form, authoritarian in practice…with only male voters
Economic reform:-peasants given land, but paid taxes-if could not pay taxes, land was sold-by 1900, 40% tenant farmers-government subsidies to needy industries-improved transportation & communication-new educational system: built around Americaneducational system, with loyalties to EmperorGoal: wealthy country & strong state
growingdistrust between Japan & USA
1904 Russo-Japanese WarJapan defeated Russia, in a warthat showed Japan as true world power, not just in Asia
1910 Japanannexed Korea
1915
Japan & China: Venn Diagram
China
Both
Japan
HOMEWORK: Imperialism in Asia
• Title of visual: Imperialism in China & Japan
• Create a visual showing the major events & the parties involved with the imperialism of China OR Japan.