Imperialism of Africa

Imperialism is… …control by one country of the political,

economic, or cultural life of another country and/or region

Think!... Control

Take Over Colony

In Africa… In the 1400’s European countries began

to set up trading stations along the coast

1500’s Europeans began the slave trade

Slave trade… Europeans started to transport slaves to

the new world

Why?

Triangle Trade

Slave Trade… The slave trade reached its height in the

1700’s

The Middle Passage- Poor conditions during the trip, many died

Effects of Slave Trade… Caused civil wars in Africa

Entire communities lost

Workforce lost

**African Diaspora- the scattering of Africans and spreading of African culture

Scramble for Africa… Due to the smooth coastline and other

geographic features Africa was the last to be explored

“God, Gold, Glory” European countries started to claim

parts of Africa

Gold• Wealth- Slaves, gems, ivory

God• Spread Christianity• “White Man’s Burden”• Civilize the uncivilized

Glory• Fame, • Claim land for country

Berlin Conference 14 European countries met to divide up

Africa Here’s the catch- NO AFRICAN WAS

INVITED!!!

Effects Created new boundaries Divided tribal lands Separated cultures

Nationalism… …pride in one’s country and a desire to

be free

Why would nationalism rise in Africa?

Nationalism… Most independence movements began

after WWII Pan-Africanism- movement to unite

Africa “Africa for Africans”

Marcus Garvey

Nationalism…

Kwame NkrumahJomo Kenyatta

Challenges…Creating national unity

People still felt more loyal to their tribes

Civil wars in the Congo and RwandaPoor economies

Still relied on foreign countries for manufactured goods

Boer War Boers (Dutch) and British clash over

control of gold and diamonds British defeat the Dutch British granted “self-rule” to the “Union

of South Africa” BUT!!! Government is controlled by the white

population

ApartheidLegal separation of races

16% European70% African11% Mixed race3% Asian

Who is the Majority? Who had control?

Characteristics of Apartheid

Passbooks- record of where Blacks could live, work andtravel

Segregation of races• Buses• Beaches• Restaurants• Schools

Homelands- areas set aside for ethnic groups

-dry, infertile land

To end Apartheid… Desmond Tutu 1960- Sharpsville Massacre- peaceful

demonstration, police opened fire killing 69 Martial law declared Protest declared illegal Any opponents jailed

Nelson MandelaLed the African National

Congress (ANC)- political party to end Apartheid

1964- sentenced to life in prison for plotting to overthrow the government with violence (served 26 years)

Apartheid finally ends 1990- South African President F.W. de

Klerk lifted ban on protests, released Mandela

1994- New constitution written Free elections held Mandela elected 1st black president of

South Africa

Modern Issues Problems

Debt Civil wars Poverty Diseases

United Nations- an intergovernmental organization established to promote international co-operation

UN Involvement Somalia- warlords prevented

humanitarian aid from reaching people- US sent troops to restore supply lines

Rwanda*- Hutu vs. Tutsis Sudan- Arab militants reportedly linked

to the Sudanese government were attacking black Muslims- 1 million refugees, 40,000 killed

*RwandaOriginally imperialized by BelgiumBelgians divided the country into

two groupsHutus, TutsisHutus are the majority

When the Belgians left, they gave the power to the Tutsis

Rwanda Elections are held and a Hutu president

is elected But, Hutus still want revenge for years

of oppression President is killed

Suspected by his own Hutu people Hutus use this to start killing Tutsis and

other political opponents

Rwanda500,000-1 Million Rwandans are killed

in 100 daysGenocide- deliberate and planned

killing of an entire race or ethnic groupUnited Nations eventually sent supportRwanda Political Front (RPF) takes

control of the country