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NCSA Stocktaking Report on CBD – Malaysia

Stocktaking Report: Implementation of

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Malaysia

4 December 2007 Final Draft

Prepared by:

Eco-Factor Consulting


Table of Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................................. i

1. Introduction................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Objective ................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Scope and terminology ............................................................................................. 1

1.3 Methodology and approach....................................................................................... 2

1.4 Limitations ................................................................................................................ 3

2. Current Implementation Status ..................................................................................... 4

2.1 Obligations................................................................................................................ 4

2.2 National Policy Framework ...................................................................................... 4

2.3 Legal Framework ...................................................................................................... 9

2.4 Institutional Framework.......................................................................................... 11

3. Capacity Development Activities ............................................................................... 17

3.1 Summary of Approved Projects in Ninth Malaysia Plan........................................ 17

3.2 Summary of Current Capacity Development Activities ......................................... 20

3.3 Summary of Projects in Eight Malaysia Development Plan................................... 23

3.4 Summary of Previous Capacity Development Activities ....................................... 26

3.6 Capacity Building in Institution of Higher Education ............................................ 33

3.7 Analysis of past and on-going development initiatives .......................................... 36

4. Capacity Issues............................................................................................................ 38

5. Lessons Learned and Trends....................................................................................... 39

6. Linkages of NCSA with National Priority.................................................................. 41

Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 42

Appendix 1 – Workshop on Human Resource Needs for the Management and

Conservation of Biodiversity in Malaysia (2004)............................................................. 43

Appendix 2 - Implementing Agencies .............................................................................. 45

Appendix 3 - Projects Approved Under Ninth Development Plan................................... 48


04/12/2007 i

Abbreviations and Acronyms

8MP Eight Malaysia Plan (2001-2005)

9MP Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)

ABS Access and Benefits Sharing

BCSDM Business Council for Sustainable Development in Malaysia

BBEC Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conservation Project

BP British Petroleum

CBD Convention of Biological Diversity

CCD Convention to Combat Disertification

CEMD Conservation and Environmental Management

COP Conference of Parties

DANCED Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development

DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance

DID Department of Irrigation and Drainage

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EPU Economic Planning Unit

ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas

FDPM Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia

FRIM Forest Research Institute of Malaysia

GEF Global Environmental Facility

IRBM Integrated River Basin Management

IT Information Technology

ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

JKR Jabatan Kerja Raya


04/12/2007 ii

LESTARI Institute for Environment and Development

MARDI Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute

MBBN

Majlis Biodiversiti and Bioteknologi Negara

National Biodiversity-Biotechnology Council

MBPJ Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya

MC&I Malaysian Criteria & Indicators

MEAs Multi-lateral Environment Agreements

MENGOs Malaysian Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations

METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan

MEWC Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications

MNS Malaysian Nature Society

MOA Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries

MOSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

MPOB Malaysian Palm Oil Board

MUST Malaysia Universiti of Science and Technology

NAHRIM National Hydraulic Research Institute Malaysia

NAP3 National Agriculture Policy III

NCSA National Capacity Self-Assessment

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NPB National Policy in Biological Diversity

NPP National Physical Plan

NRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

NREB Natural Resources and Environmental Board

NTCBD National Technical Committee on Biological Diversity

OPP3 3rd Outline Perspective Plan

Perhilitan

Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar and Taman Negara

Department of Wildlife and National Parks

PSF Peat Swamp Forests


04/12/2007 iii

SBC Sarawak Biodiversity Centre

UEMS Urban Environmental Management System

UKM Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

UM Univeristi Malaya

UMS Universiti Malaysia Sabah

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention

UNIMAS Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

UPM Universiti Putra Malaysia

USM Universiti Sains Malaysia


1

1. Introduction

In January 2000, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the United Nations

Development Programme (UNDP) launched the Capacity Development Initiative, to identify

priority issues and capacity development needs in a number of regions and countries. Some

of the findings area as follows:

• There are capacity development needs at the overall systems levels;

• There are synergies across Conventions in terms of capacity needs; and

• There is a need for programmatic approaches to capacity development that are

nationally driven and reflect country priorities.

In May 2001, GEF approved the provision of funding for countries to undertake self-

assessment capacity building needs known as National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment

(NCSA), with emphasis on cross-convention synergies in capacity building activities.

In Malaysia, the NCSA project started in January 2007 with funding provided by GEF and

implemented by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE). The primary

objective is to identify priorities and needs for capacity building and enhancement to address

global environmental management requirements through the fulfillment of Malaysia’s

international obligations and commitments, namely the three Conventions United Nations

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD).

One of the outputs from NCSA is the development of a stocktaking report compiling past &

on-going capacity assessment or development initiatives related to the three conventions

mentioned above. This report documents the results and findings for CBD.

1.1 Objective

The objective of this stock-taking report is to undertake a “situation analysis” that provides

the baseline research for the next steps of the NCSA process. Its objective is to ensure that the

NCSA builds on local or national work related to the conventions and on past capacity

development efforts. This output will form an important baseline for assessing past and on-

going effort and subsequently the elaboration of a National Capacity Action Plan.

1.2 Scope and terminology

Scope

The stock-taking will include the following:

• Current implementation status

• Capacity development activities

• Capacity issues that have emerged from this stock-taking exercise

• Lessons learned


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• Linkages of NCSA to priority national sustainable development and environmental

capacity goals and activities

This report covers CBD only.

Coverage

The stocktaking mainly covers capacity building activities carried out in governmental

implementing agencies. Some activities carried out by other related stakeholders such as

higher learning institutions and NGOs are also included. Information is also gathered during

the stakeholder consultative sessions organised by the NCSA Project.

Terminology

The term capacity building covers “activities to enhance ability of individuals, institutions

and systems to make and implement decisions and perform functions in an effective and

efficient and sustainable manner”1.

At the individual level, capacity building refers to the process of changing attitudes and

behaviours, most frequently through imparting knowledge and developing skills through

training.

At the institutional level, the focus is on overall organisational performance and functioning

capacity, as well as the ability of an organisation to adapt to change. In addition to physical

assets it may also include clarification of mission, organisation structures, responsibilities,

accountabilities and reporting lines, changes in procedures and communications, and changes

in deployment of human resources.

At the systemic level, capacity is concerned with the creation of “enabling environments” ie.

overall policy, economy, regulatory and accountability frameworks within which institutions

and individual operate.

1.3 Methodology and approach

General Approach

The expectations of the level of implementation of this convention is viewed within the

context of the national sustainable development goals and programmes which will lead to

improvement in environmental management in global as well as national scales.

This stock-taking exercise will ascertain the level of the nation’s current commitment as well

as expectations of the implementation of the Conventions. Preliminary capacity gaps and

needs are identified and documented.

1 GEF Secretariat (2001) A Guide for Self-Assessment of Country Capacity Needs For Global Environmental

Management.


3

Methodology

The following activities were carried out to prepare this report:

1. Review of relevant documentation pertaining to implementation of CBD including

existing strategies, action plans, government policies, laws and regulations as well as

other assessment reports.

2. Desktop review of previous capacity development actions or programme to identify

the objectives so that preliminary gaps in areas of capacity development may be

identified for the capacity development action plan. Current and on-going capacity

development actions are identified in order to avoid duplication when preparing the

Capacity Development Action Plan.

3. Participation at technical working group meetings and organise stakeholder meetings

(organised under the NCSA project) to obtain information, feedback, and guidance.

1.4 Limitations

The stocktaking covers mainly capacity building activities carried out in implementing

agencies as well as active and motivated agencies within the government. It mainly captured

projects rather than existing activities with elements of capacity building, for instance

attending meeting such as Conference of Parties (COP).

It is not the intention of this stocktaking report to assess the effectiveness or the outputs of

capacity building projects that have been carried out.


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2. Current Implementation Status

Malaysia signed the CBD on 12 June 1992 and subsequently ratified it on 24 June 1994.

The Convention on Biological Diversity, as an international treaty, identifies a common

problem, sets overall goals and policies and general obligations, and organises technical and

financial cooperation. However, the responsibility for achieving its goals rests largely with

the countries themselves.

2.1 Obligations

Under the Convention, governments undertake to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity

and are required to develop national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and to integrate

these into broader national plans for environment and development. This is particularly

important for such sectors as forestry, agriculture, fisheries, energy, transportation and urban

planning. In summary, the commitments of countries include:

• Identifying and monitoring the important components of biological diversity that

needs to be conserved and used sustainably

• Establishing protected areas to conserve biological diversity while promoting

environmentally sound development around these areas.

• Rehabilitating and restoring degraded ecosystems and promoting the recovery of

threatened species in collaboration with local residents.

• Respecting, preserving and maintaining traditional knowledge of the sustainable use

of biological diversity with the involvement of indigenous peoples and local

communities.

• Preventing the introduction of, controlling, and eradicating alien species that could

threaten ecosystems, habitats or species.

• Controlling the risks posed by organisms modified by biotechnology.

• Promoting public participation, particularly when it comes to assessing the

environmental impacts of development projects that threaten biological diversity.

• Educating people and raising awareness about the importance of biological diversity

and the need to conserve it.

• Reporting on how each country is meeting its biodiversity goals.

2.2 National Policy Framework

Malaysia is among the 12 megadiverse countries in the world and as such efforts to protect

biodiversity is vital. Conservation of biodiversity is cross-sectoral in nature and the

implementation of involves many federal ministries, state governments and other

stakeholders. Implementation of CBD is mostly based on sectors, with some agencies playing

an important role without necessarily realising it.


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Issues also arise due to the fact that under the Malaysian Constitution, land (including forest)

and water lies under State jurisdiction and therefore, some decisions face challenges in

implementation.

Conservation activities have been carried out in Malaysia before CBD was signed. Following

the ratification of the Convention, efforts have been further strengthened to address

conservation of biodiversity. Realising the scale of efforts needed to conserve biological

diversity, the Government has taken three (3) major steps. These are:-

• The launch of the National Policy on Biological Diversity in 1998 (systemic)

• The establishment of the National Biodiversity-Biotechnology Council (MBBN),

chaired by the Prime Minister in 2001 (institutional), and

• The establishment of Conservation of Environmental Management Division (CEMD),

NRE as Focal Point for CBD.

Conservation of biological diversity is consistently reflected in Malaysia’s 5-year

development plans– currently into its 9th

Malaysia Plan, as well as other policies and plans.

This section provides a list of relevant policies, programme of action, strategies in the country

that are related to CBD.

9th

Malaysia Development Plan (9MP)

The 9MP recognises the value of biodiversity. This has lead to the following statement

“efforts will be intensified to protect and optimise the utilisation of biodiversity2”.

The conclusion in Chapter 22 of 9MP states the following:

• Efforts were also intensified to protect and conserve land, water, biodiversity and

forest resources.

• The promotion of sustainable natural resource management practices in relation to

land, water, forest, energy and marine resources, will be intensified

• There will also be closer cooperation with stakeholders and non-governmental

organisations (NGOs) in addressing environment and natural resource concerns.

• These efforts will enhance protection of the environment and conservation of natural

resources and contribute towards improving the quality of life.

Overall the approach and methods mentioned are summarised in the following table.

2 Ninth Malaysia Plan – Paragraph 1.60


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Table 1. 9MP – Summary of Approaches and Methods

Focus Area Approach / Methods

In terms of managing water resource

3

– emphasis will be placed on maintaining and enhancing the ecosystem functions of river systems through the restoration and maintenance of highland catchments, wetlands, river buffers and riparian zones.

– The suitability of market-based instruments will be explored to internalise environmental costs, including scarcity, into water pricing systems.

– Measures to reduce water demand will be emphasised including through the provision of tax rebates for industries that recycle water.

Biodiversity conservation

4

– Efforts will be intensified to protect critical habitats. Towards this end, existing management plans will be reviewed to further strengthen the protection of threatened flora and fauna. EIA processes will be reviewed to include assessment of impacts to ecosystems. The Highland Conservation and Management Strategy study for Sabah and Sarawak will be implemented and a National Highlands Policy will be developed.

– The Guidelines for Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of Biological Resources will be developed to ensure the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of biodiversity resources as well as address issues of biopiracy.

– Research institutions and universities will develop a comprehensive biodiversity inventory to facilitate bio-prospecting

Forest Resources5

– The conservation and sustainable use of forest products, watersheds and water catchments will be emphasised to promote sustainable forest management.

– The development of sustainable sources of wealth from forest products such as herbal and medicinal products, eco-tourism and bio-prospecting activities will be promoted.

– Centres on Forest and Non-Forest Products will be established to further develop capacity in environmental and natural resources management.

– The MC&I system will be strengthened to consolidate efforts for sustainable forest management.

Marine and Coastal Resources

6

– An Integrated Coastal Zone Management Policy will be adopted to promote conservation and preservation of marine and coastal resources.

– The rehabilitation and improvement of the coastline will be intensified through regeneration and re-vegetation programmes.

– A comprehensive management plan for mangroves and coastal forests will be developed to arrest the mangrove depletion rate to ensure a continuous supply of resources as well as to mitigate the impact of coastal erosion and tsunamis.

Landuse Planning7 – Appropriate methods and parameters will be developed to identify

and manage environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) to enable them to serve as buffer zones in the control of development sprawl.

3 Chapter 22.29

4 Chapter 22.30

5 Chapter 22.31

6 Chapter 22.33


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National Policy on Biological Diversity (NPB)

The National Biodiversity Policy is the most important document in terms of the

implementation of CBD in Malaysia. It was crafted to fulfill the country’s obligation and

requirement in implementing CBD. It provides direction and acts as a guide to all

government agencies, including the State Governments, on the conservation and management

of biological diversity in the country. The National Policy on Biological Diversity was

launched in 1998. The document consists of the following:

• Policy which enunciates Vision and Policy statements and lists the Principles on

which conservation and sustainable utilisation of the nation’s biological diversity are

based.

• Objectives of the nation with respect to biological diversity and provides the

Rationale for conservation and sustainable utilisation

• Strategies which gives an account of the status of conservation and management of

biological diversity

• 15 strategies for effective management of biological diversity

• Action Plan of Programmes which identifies a number of programmes for each of the

15 strategies.

In realising the vision, NPB outlines 15 strategies and 85 action plans. The strategies and

actions taken to implement the strategies are as follows:-

1. Improve the Scientific Knowledge base

2. Enhance sustainable utilisation of the components of biological diversity

3. Develop A Centre Of Excellence In Industrial Research In Tropical Biological

Diversity

4. Strengthen the institutional framework for biological diversity management

5. Strengthen and integrate conservation programmes

6. Integrate biological diversity consideration into sectoral planning strategy -

7. Enhance skill, capacities and competence

8. Encourage Private Sector Participation

9. Review legislation to reflex biological diversity needs

10. Minimise Impacts of human activities on biological diversity

11. Develop Policies, regulations, laws and capacity building on biosafety

12. Enhance Institutional and public awareness

13. Promote International Cooperation and collaboration

14. Exchange of information

15. Establishing funding mechanisms

The policy provides a coherent approach to conservation and sustainable utilisation of the

nation’s biological diversity. The implementation of this policy is sector based. These actions

were not specifically assigned to implementing agencies, neither were targets or time lines

7 Chapter 22.27


8

specified. The public and private sectors, as well as all citizens, are also expected to play a

role in implementing the policy. The implementation of this policy has not been reviewed.

National Wetlands Policy

The National Wetlands Policy was passed by Cabinet in 2004. Wetlands are under the

jurisdiction of state governments and local governments. The aim of the policy is to ensure

conservation and wise-use of the wetlands to benefit from its functions and to fulfill its

obligation under the Ramsar Convention. The policy’s objectives are:

1. Protect and conserve each type of wetlands

2. Manage wetlands in integration with water catchment-areas and riverbasins

3. Optimise socio-economic benefits of wetlands through sustainable harvesting of

wetlands products

4. Integrate wetlands conservation interest into overall natural resource planning,

management and decisions

5. Increase scientific and technical knowledge on wetlands

6. Increase public appreciation on the functions and benefits of wetlands

7. Restore degraded wetlands

In order to achieve its objectives, four strategies are outlined below: -

1. Ensure adequate legislation for conservation and wise use

2. Provide coordination for the efforts of all stakeholders

3. Encourage research on local wetlands

4. Enhance appreciation of the functions and benefits of wetlands respective to

stakeholders

National Physical Plan (NPP)

The NPP contributes towards conservation of the Country’s biodiversity by stating, in its 4th

and last objectives, that it aims to secure spatial and environmental quality and diversity for a

high quality of life. This objective is supported by two environmentally sound principles:-

• Protect national heritage areas and locations, under which greater resolve are

dedicated from all quarters to conserve, among others, the natural resources and

manage it in a sustainable manner in particular for areas of natural beauty and

ecological richness such as pristine forests, hills and wetlands, and habitats for the

Malaysian fauna.

• Avoid disrupting ecological stability, which promotes incorporation of guidelines on

development on environmentally sensitive into the NPP, at the same time discourages

coastal land reclamation for certain purposes, encourages careful monitoring of


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developments within water catchment areas and other environmentally sensitive areas,

including application of the concept of Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM).

In terms of conserving the biodiversity, The NPP is articulated in the following policies:-

• NPP 18: Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) shall be integrated in the planning

and management of land use and natural resources to ensure sustainable development.

• NPP 19: A Central Forest Spine shall be established to form the backbone of the

Environmentally Sensitive Area network.

• NPP 20: Sensitive coastal ecosystems shall be protected and used in a sustainable

manner.

• NPP 22: All surface and ground water resources are strategic assets to be safeguarded

and used optimally.

National Urbanisation Policy

The Nation Urbanisation Policy has addresses the following concerns that are related to

conservation of biodiversity:

5. Optimal and balanced landuse planning shall be given emphasis in urban

development

– Ensure each new development is compatible with the surrounding landuse

8. Environmentally sensitive area and prime agricultural area shall be conserved

– Protect and maintain ESA and prime agricultural area

– Establish green areas a buffer zones to limit urban development

19. A planned, effective and sustainable solid waste and toxic management system

shall be implemented.

26. A sustainable and environmentally friendly development shall form the basis of

environmental conservation and improve the urban quality of life.

2.3 Legal Framework

There is no single legal instrument that addresses bio-diversity sufficiently. It is not so

unusual because diverse resources such as biodiversity are covered by sectoral laws and

regulations, for instance:

– The Fisheries Act 1985 that deals mainly with the conservation and management of

fisheries resources.

– The Protection of Wild Life Act 1972 that deals with the protection of wildlife, and

– The National Forestry Act 1984 that deals with the management and utilisation of

forests.


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The following is the list of legislations (non-exhaustive) that contribute towards

implementation of CBD in the country:

Peninsular Malaysia

• Land Conservation Act 1960

• National Land Code 1965

• Protection of Wildlife Act 1972

• Taman Negara (Kelantan) Enactment 1938

• Taman Negara (Pahang) Enactment 1939

• Taman Negara (Terengganu) Enactment 1939

• National Parks Act 1980

• National Forestry Act 1984

• Biosafety Act 2007

• Environmental Quality Act 1974

• Aboriginal People Act 1954

• Waters Act 1920

• Fisheries Act 1985

• Pesticides Act 1974

• Plant Quarantine Act 1976

• Customs (Prohibition of Exports) (Amendment) (No.4) Order 1993 Peninsular

Malaysia

Indirect laws related to CBD include:-

• Town Country Planning Act 1976 s.36A – inclusions of Sensitive Environmental

Area among others

• New Plant Variety Protection Act (2004) which includes phytosanitary and

provisions for alien species

Sabah

• Parks Enactment 1984

• Forest Enactment 1968

• Fauna Conservation Ordinance 1963

• Environment Protection Enactment 2002

• Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000

• Forest Rules, 1969

• Environment Protection Enactment, 2002

• Wildlife Conservation Enactment, 1997

• Environment Protection (Prescribed Activities) Order, 2005

• Environment Protection (Prescribed Activities)(Environmental Impact Assessment)

Order, 2005

• Sabah Forestry Development Authority Enactment, 1981

• Native Court Enactment, 1992

• Interpretation of the Native Ordinance, 1952

• Native Court (Native Customary Laws) Rules, 1995


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• Sabah Water Resources Enactment 1998

• Land Ordinance Cap 68

• Cultural Heritage (Conservation) Enactment 1997

• Sabah Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Enactment 2003 (Not yet in force)

• Land Acquisition Ordinance

• Mineral Enactment

Sarawak

• National Parks Ordinance 1956

• Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1958

• Forests Ordinance 1954

• Natural Resources and Environment 1949 as amended by Natural Resources and

Environment (Amendment) Ordinance 1993

• Public Parks and Green Ordinance 1993

• Water Ordinance 1994

• Biodiversity Ordinance 1997

• Sarawak Biodiversity Center (Amendment) Ordinance 2003

• Sarawak Biodiversity (Access, Collection and Research) Regulation 1998

• State Local Authorities Ordinance;

• State Sarawak River Ordinance;

• State Protection of Public Health Ordinance;

• State Veterinary Public Health Ordinance;

• State Land Code Ordinance;

• State Land Use (Prescribed Activities) Ordinance;

Many of these legislations were established before Malaysia ratified the CBD in 1994, hence

some may lack specific consideration on the issues of conservation and management of

biological diversity as a whole. Legislations are in some instances inadequate in that species

endangered due to habitat destruction are not protected by way of a national law for

endangered species8.

2.4 Institutional Framework

National Focal Point

The Conservation and Environmental Management Division (CEMD) of NRE is the focal

point for the implementation of CBD in Malaysia. It plays an integral role as a coordinator,

especially for the areas where there is no obvious implementing agency. In some areas,

CEMD works closely with other institutions, and individuals. The following are areas where

CEMD plays the role as the coordinator:

1. scientific assessment

2. indicators

3. technological transfer and cooperation

8 First National Report to CBD Secretariat


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4. Access and benefits-sharing, and traditional knowledge

5. Impact assessment and redress

6. Financial resources and mechanisms for CBD

7. Clearing house mechanism (in collaboration with Forest Research Institute of

Malaysia -FRIM)

8. National reports

9. Education and public awareness

National Steering Committees related to CBD

The first National Steering Committee on Bio-Diversity was formed in 1993 to address

policy matters on biological diversity in terms of implementation of CBD. This Steering

Committee was attended by government officers of relevant ministries and agencies to arrive

at a national position. Depending on the need, representatives from the states were also

invited. This first committee was headed by the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Science

Technology and Environment.

The main outputs were the National Biodiversity Policy, “Malaysia First National Report to

the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity” and the Country

Study on Biodiversity. Please refer to the figure below for an illustration of the structure of

the steering committee.

Within the streering committee is the National Technical Committee on Biological Diversity

(NTCBD). This was headed by the Director General of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia

and covered all aspects of biological diversity - plants, animals and microorganisms. The

NTCBD concerned itself with technical matters on biological diversity and reports directly to

the Steering Committee. Task forces were formed under the NTCBD to undertake specific

assignments on biological diversity.

Task forces

Clearing

House Mechanism

Access to

Genetic Resources

National

Policy for Biodiversity

Study on

National Biodiversity

Awareness on CBD

(Institutional & Public)

National Steering Committee on Biodiversity (1993-2000)

Genetic Modification Advisory Committee

Technical Committee on Biodiversity

Secretary General

Task forces

Clearing

House Mechanism

Access to

Genetic Resources

National

Policy for Biodiversity

Study on

National Biodiversity

Awareness on CBD

(Institutional & Public)

National Steering Committee on Biodiversity (1993-2000)

Genetic Modification Advisory Committee

Technical Committee on Biodiversity

Secretary General


13

In year 2003, another National Steering Committee was formed to prepare for the 7th

Conference of Parties (COP7) for Convention of Biological Diversity which was held in

Malaysia in February 2004. This steering committee was similar to the one to prepare for the

First National Report to CBD Secretariat.


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National Biodiversity - Biotechnology Council (MBBN)

The National Biodiversity – Biotechnology Council or Majlis Biodiversiti and Bioteknologi

Negara (MBBN) was established in 2001. MBBN is chaired by the Prime Minister and is

attended by the head of states and other decision makers. The function of MBBN is to

deliberate on biodiversity and biotechnology issues at the country level.

The members are:

– Prime Minister as the Chairman

– Chief Minister of all States

– Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE)

– Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation

– Minister of International Trade and Industry

– Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industries

– Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities

– Minister of Education

– Minister of Higher Education – Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs

– Minister of Health – Minister of Energy, Water and Communications – Chief Secretary of the Government of Malaysia

– Attorney General

– Science Advisor to Prime Minister

– Secretary General of NRE as the secretary

The terms of reference of MBBN are as follows:

– Determine the direction, policy and strategy for conservation of biodiversity and

biotechnology development

– Coordinate conservation of biodiversity and development of biotechnology development

– Identify and monitor the implementation of the relevant obligations of MEAs that

Malaysia have signed, in relation to biodiversity and biotechnology

Please refer to the diagram below for an illustration MBBN’s structure. It is supported by the

National Technical Committee on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, which is supported by

two task forces – Biodiversity Task Force and Biotechnology Task Force.

Within the Biodiversity Task Force, 5 working groups were initially formed to involve

institutes of higher learning in areas of forest biodiversity, marine biodiversity, mountain

ecosystems, wetlands and agro/rural biodiversity.

The last meeting was held in 2006.


15

Figure 1. National Council on Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Sabah

The Sabah Biodiversity Council is the highest authority of biodiversity and ecosystems

conservation in the state. It is responsible for the implementation of Sabah Biodiversity

Enactment 2000. Issues related to biodiversity are also taken up by Natural Resource Office

within the Chief Minister’s Department. The State Water Resource Council, as well as the

Environment Protection Council area also platforms to address issues related to biodiversity.

Sarawak

Sarawak Biodiversity Center Ordinance was enacted by the State Government of Sarawak in

1997 to initiate programmes for the conservation, utilisation, protection and sustainable

development of biodiversity in Sarawak. Subsequently the Sarawak Biodiversity Center

(SBC) was established the following year. Sarawak Biodiversity Regulations was also

enacted in 1998.

In December 2003, taking into consideration Sarawak’s potential for intensive biotechnology

based research and product development, the State Legislative Assembly passed the Sarawak

Biodiversity Centre (Amendment) Ordinance 2003, as well as reviewed and passed the

revision of the Sarawak Biodiversity Regulations in 2004. The amendment relieved SBC of

its role in conducting general biodiversity inventory and regulating general biodiversity

research. Instead, it was now entrusted to initiate intensive biotechnology based research and

development on the State’s biological resources – particularly those that have been utilised by

indigenous communities and to facilitate the documentation of the fast disappearing

traditional knowledge of indigenous communities on the utilisation of biological resources.

Main Implementing Agencies

Most of the main agencies for thematic areas and some of the cross cutting issues are

assigned to relevant government ministries and agencies. The main agencies overseeing the

cross cutting issues are not necessary the implementing agencies. These agencies were

assigned this role because of their strategic position in terms of expertise or research in this

area. The figure below depicts the main agencies involved in implementation of CBD in

Malaysia. The structure mimics the structure of the CBD secretariat.


16

The implementation of programmes of work for thematic areas are not always “clear cut”.

For instance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries (MOA) is the lead

agency for invasive alien species, which will coordinate other important agencies within the

Ministry including Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), as

well as other ministries. As MOA is only the expert in agriculture sector, other expertise from

relevant agencies (wildlife, fisheries, etc.) also play important roles to address the issue of

invasive alien species in their respective sectors.

Please refer to Appendix 2 for the list if relevant implementing agencies for the thematic

areas and cross cutting issues.

Malaysia: Main Agencies in CBD Implementation

Executive Direction& Management

NRE, CEMD as focal point

AgricultureBioD

MARDI

Inland WatersBioD Dept. of

Fisheries(MOA)Marine &

Coastal BioD

Forest BioD Div of ForestryDev. (NRE)

Mountain BioD LESTARI

Island BioDDept. of Marine

Parks (NRE)

Thematic Areas

Cross Cutting Issues

Invasive AlienSpecies

Dept. of Agri(MOA)

Protected Areas

ScientificAssessment

EcosystemApproach

Div of ForestryDev. / CEMD

IndicatorsCEMD

as coordinator

Tech. transfer &Cooperation

Perhilitan (NRE)

Bio-Safety CEMD

Social, economic,& legal matters

Implementation& outreach

Economic, Trade,Incentives

EPU

Access,Benefit-sharing

TraditionalKnowledge

Sustainable Use EPU

BioD and Tourism Perhilitan (NRE)

CEMD

as coordinatorImpact

assessment& redress

CEMD

as coordinatorGlobal Taxonomy

InitiativeFRIM

ClearinghouseMechanism FRIM

Financial resource& mechanism for

CBD

National Reports

Education &Public Awareness Global Strategy on

Plant Conservation

Malaysia: Main Agencies in CBD Implementation

Executive Direction& Management

NRE, CEMD as focal point

AgricultureBioD

MARDI

Inland WatersBioD Dept. of

Fisheries(MOA)Marine &

Coastal BioD

Forest BioD Div of ForestryDev. (NRE)

Mountain BioD LESTARI

Island BioDDept. of Marine

Parks (NRE)

Thematic Areas

Cross Cutting Issues

Invasive AlienSpecies

Dept. of Agri(MOA)

Protected Areas

ScientificAssessment

EcosystemApproach

Div of ForestryDev. / CEMD

IndicatorsCEMD

as coordinator

Tech. transfer &Cooperation

Perhilitan (NRE)

Bio-Safety CEMD

Social, economic,& legal matters

Implementation& outreach

Economic, Trade,Incentives

EPU

Access,Benefit-sharing

TraditionalKnowledge

Sustainable Use EPU

BioD and Tourism Perhilitan (NRE)

CEMD

as coordinatorImpact

assessment& redress

CEMD

as coordinatorGlobal Taxonomy

InitiativeFRIM

ClearinghouseMechanism FRIM

Financial resource& mechanism for

CBD

National Reports

Education &Public Awareness Global Strategy on

Plant Conservation


17

3. Capacity Development Activities

3.1 Summary of Approved Projects in Ninth Malaysia Plan

The following table presents projects approved for implementation by Forestry Department

of Peninsular Malaysia (FDPM), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Perhilitan),

Department of Marine Parks, and Forestry Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM). These

projects are development projects with elements of capacity building in the process of

implementation. Projects are grouped according to the 15 strategies of the NPB.

Table 2. Projects Under 9MP with Capacity Development Elements related to CBD

National Strategy Project

1) Improve the Scientific Knowledge Base

FDPM

Economic Valuation of Biodiversity in Peninsular Malaysia

Seed project

Marine Park

Marine Ecosystem’s Biodiversity, Economic, Science and Social Valuation Development Programme

Perhilitan

Programme on Enhancing New Wealth from Existing Resources through Biodiversity

FRIM

Timber Technology and Products Development

Forest Biotechnology- New Frontier for Wealth Creation

2) Enhance Sustainable Utilisation of the Componenets of Biological Diversity

FDPM

Bamboo Planting Programme – Phase II

Rattan Planting Programme – Phase II

Development of Agro-Forestry Models

FRIM

Commercialisation of Research Products

Development of Sustainable Management of Plantation Forest

Development of Sustainable Technology Development for Forest Management

Biodiversity Related Traditional Knowledge Inventory

3) Develop a Centre of Excellence in Industrial Research in Tropical Biological Diversity

Establish network of Crop Collection Centre in states

Forestry Museum Development

Marine Park

Marine Parks Centre of Excellence

FRIM

Centre for Plant Diversity

Centre for Herbal Product – Discovering natural compounds

Kepong Botanical Garden

International Tropical Forestry Reference Centre


18


5) Strengthen and Integrate Conservation Programme

FDPM

Implementation of Malaysian Criteria & Indicators and Forest Management Activities (MC&I) - Phase II

Federal Territory Forest Reserve Education (Phase II)

Establish and management of Water Catchment Areas within Permanent Forest Reserve

Forest Rehabilitation

Management and Develoment of State Parks

Forest Management and Preservation

Forest Management Plan for Pahang Peat Swamp Forest Reserve

Reforestation of degraded and sensitive areas

Marine Park

Habitat Conservation and Rehabilitation

Marine Protected Area Management Development

Perhilitan

Swiflet Nesting Conservation and Industry Development Programme

Development of Zoological Park

FRIM

Research on Classification of Source and Identification of the Optimum Silviculture Practices for “Second Growth Forest”

6) Integrating Biological Diversity Considerations into Sectoral Planning Strategies

FRIM

Medicinal Plants and Forest Herb’s Management and Development

Evaluation of Forest Products and Services from Peninsular Malaysia

7) Enhance skill, capabilities and competence

FDPM

Prevention and Control of Forest Fire

Academy of Forestry

Marine Park

Human Resource Development

Management Plan for Marine Parks in Malaysia

Improve Research and Monitoring Facilities

10) Minimise Impacts of Human Activities on Biologiocal Diversity

FDPM

Assessment of ‘post harvesting treatment operation’ for second harvesting

11) Develop Policies, Regulations, Laws and Capacity Building on Biosafety

FDPM

Prevention and Control of Invasive Forest Species

Universiti Malaya

Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity Law

12) Enhance Institutional and Public Awareness

FDPM

Recreational Forest - Phase II

Develop Forestry Information System - Phase II

Marine Park


19


Marine Park’s Education, Public Awareness and Health Programme

14) Exchange of Information FDPM

Growth and Production Monitoring of Plantation Forest

Perhilitan

E-Perhilitan Application Development

National Biodiversity Inventory and Monitonring Programme

FRIM

Project to Survey, Inventorise and Documentation of Flora and Fauna Biodiversity in Malaysia

Clearing House Mechanism & Biosafety Clearing House;

Please refer to Appendix 3 for brief description of some projects in Bahasa Malaysia.

In addition to the 4 main agencies within NRE, MARDI also received funding to carry out

projects related to CBD, particularly in the area of agro-biodiversity. Please refer to the table

below for related projects.

Table 3. Projects Under 9MP with Capacity Development Elements related to CBD – Agro BioDiversity

Capacity Building Project / Activity

(Year)

Organisation

Focus Area Objectives /Outputs / Outcomes

Conservation and utilisation of crop plant, arthropod and microbial resources diversity

(2001- 2010)

MARDI

Sustainable Utilisation of Agrobiodiversity

– Collection, conservation, and utilisation of crop plant, arthropod and microbial resources diversity

– Development of field genebank

– Development of agrobioD Information System

– Buying of equipments necessary to support R & D in agrobioD conservation and utilization

Development of field infrastructure and equipments for R & D in sustainable agriculture

(2006- 2010)

MARDI

Sustainable Utilisation of Agrobiodiversity

Establishing field and the related infrastructure and equipments for use in research into sustainable products from agrobiodiversity importance to sustainable agriculture.

Development of seed genebank complex

(2006- 2010)

MARDI

Conservation of plant genetic resource for food and agriculture

Development of short term, medium term and long term storage facilities for plant genetic resource of importance to food and agriculture


20

3.2 Summary of Current Capacity Development Activities

The following table presents current projects that have capacity development activities

related to CBD. Table 4. Current Capacity Development Programmes / Projects related to CBD


(Year)

Organisation


Conservation and Sustainable Use of Tropical Peat Swamp Forests (PSF) and Associated Wetland Ecosystems

(2002 – 2008)

UNDP/GEF

NRE (through FRIM)

Pahang Forestry Dept

Danida

Forestry

Peat swamp Forests

Promote conservation and sustainable use of PSF in Malaysia primarily focusing on 3 demonstration sites of South East Pahang Peat Swamp Forest, Loagan Bunut National Park and Klias Peninsula. Expected results are as follows:

1. Successful demonstration of biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource utilisation systems at 3 project sites

2. Establishment of systems and processes for the planning of biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource utilisation in PSF

3. Strengthen institutional and human technical capacities, awareness of PSF biodiversity in Malaysia.

Conserving Marine Biodiversity through Enhanced Marine Park Management and Inclusive Sustainable Island Development (2006)

(2006- 2009)

UNDP

NRE (Department of Marine Parks)

Marine Protected Area Mgmt

Assistance to the government agencies to integrate development planning with effective conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity, resources and ecosystems within Malaysia’s marine parks.

It covers marine resource conservation and management in the three Malaysian east coast island groups of Redang, Tioman and Sibu-Tinggi. Its objectives are to:

– Widen the existing development planning process in to support marine ecosystem management & sustainable tourism through stakeholder involvement

– Strengthen the capacity of the marine parks mgmt system in P. Malaysia and effective enforcement of MP regulations

– Enable an influential advocacy framework for the conservation of marine biodiversity.

Conservation of Biodiversity Project

(2006 – 2010)

UNDP-GEF-ITTO-FRIM (executed by NRE and implemented by FRIM)

Tropical Forest Biodiversity

Economic Valuation of Biodiversity Goods & Services

Forestry Mgmt

1. Tools for ecological assessment of biodiversity in tropical forest are improved

2. Tools for economic valuation of goods and services associated with biodiversity in tropical rain forest are improved

3. Tools for integrating ecological and economic aspects of biodiversity into forest planning at a landscape level are improved

4. Capacity building and dissemination


21


(Year)

Organisation


Biodiversity Component (Sub-component 1 and 2)

(2006-2009)

Danida

NRE

EPU

Biodiversity Conservation & Mgmt

Natural Resources Mgmt

Aims to strengthen the Government of Malaysia’s capacity to map and prioritise biodiversity and natural resource assets and subsequently safeguard these assets by integrating priority environmental concerns into sectoral and state policies, plans and programmes.

Biodiversity Component (Sub-component 3)

(2007-2010)

Danida

Malaysia Environmental NGOs (MENGOs)

NGO Capacity Building:

- Biodiversity Conservation & Mgmt

- Natural Resources Mgmt

Malaysian Civil Society Organisations capacity enhanced in influencing sustainable development policies and practices related to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation, including the recognition of the importance of indigenous peoples and gender equity.

Support to Capacity Building Activities on Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in Malaysia

(2006 – 2009)

UNDP/GEF

NRE

Biosafety The objective of this project is to help consolidate Malaysia’s national capacity for the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

The development of national capacities in these areas will consolidate the national framework for biosafety management, with lasting impact on Malaysia’s vision to utilise biotechnology for sustainable development and economic growth.

Sarawak


(Year)

Organisation


Policy Strategies for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of The Highlands of Sabah and Sarawak

(2003-2007)

Danida, UNDP, EPU, SPU

Highlands Policy

Contribute towards the effective conservation and sustainable use of the highland areas in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak.

Formulate the Highlands Management and Conservation Strategy, which will contribute to the formulation of a Draft National Highlands Policy.


22

Sabah


(Year)

Organisation


Conservation and Sustainable Use of Tropical Peat Swamp Forests (PSF) and Associated Wetland Ecosystems

(2002 – 2007)

UNDP/GEF,

Forestry Department Sabah

Forestry

Peatswamp Forests

Promote conservation and sustainable use of PSF in Malaysia primarily focusing on 3 demonstration sites of South East Pahang Peat Swamp Forest, Loagan Bunut National Park, Sarawak and Klias Peninsula, Sabah.

Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conservation (BBEC)

2002-2007 (Phase 1)

2007-2012 (Phase 2)

Sabah State,

Natural Resources Office,

Wildlife Dept, Science & Technology Unit (UST)

Sabah Parks

Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)

JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency)

Biodiversity

Protected Area Management

Research

Public Awareness

Programme to establish sustainable approaches for the conservation of the endangered and precious biodiversity and ecosystems of Sabah.

BBEC applies integrated approach comprehensively covering four fields of essential to the conservation:

– Research and Education

– Park Management

– Habitat Management

– Public Awareness

BBEC Phase II is expected to further enhance biodiversity and eco-system conservation in Sabah. Sabah State as center of excellence of knowledge and information.

Functions and implementation of Sabah Biodiversity Council / Center enhanced. Extension services and training related to biodiversity and eco-system conservation are enhanced.

Restoration of degraded ecosystems within Forest Reserve

Forestry Department

Forest Conservation

Ulu Segama-Malua - Secure home to orang utans • Institutionalise the protection and management of

the forest reserves for orang utan conservation; • Regularise and improve existing harvesting with

reduced impact logging techniques; • Promote sustainable financing through new and

innovative funding mechanisms. Ulu Kalumpang – restore functioning capacity of forest for water resources • Provide long-term solutions to the issue of

communities settlement within the protected area, and

• Maintain the forest through carbon financing and other ecosystem services.


23

Policy Strategies For The Conservation and Sustainable Use of Highlands of Sabah.

(2005-2007)

EPU, UPEN Sabah

Highlands

Biological resources;

Natural resources;

Contribute towards the effective conservation and sustainable development highland areas in Sabah

Strategies and interventions for the manage and safeguard highlands the sustainability of highlands-lowland linkages;

Sabah Land Utilisation Policy Study (SLUPS)

(2007)

NRO.

Land use Policies / Strategies

Land utilisation policies and strategies

Land utilisation maps.


24

3.3 Summary of Projects in Eight Malaysia Development Plan

The following table presents projects implemented by Forestry Department of Peninsular

Malaysia (FDPM), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Perhilitan), Department of

Marine Parks, and Forestry Research Institute of Malaysia during the Eight Malaysia Plan

that have elements of capacity building in the process of implementation.

Table 5. Projects Under 8MP with Capacity Development Elements related to CBD

National Strategy Projects

1) Improve The Scientific Knowledge Base

FDPM

Seed project

Operational Research on Forest Growth and Products Project – Phase II

2) Enhance Sustainable Utilisation of the Componenets of Biological Diversity

FDPM

Bamboo Planting Programme

Rattan Planting Programme

Agro-Forestry

Commercial Forest Plantation Development

Pilot Rubber Plantation

Perhilitan

Development of Nature Tourism (cont. from RMK7)

Development of ‘Kelah’ Sanctuary and Enhance National Park Eco-tourism

Development of Eco-tourim in Kuala Koh National Park, Kelantan

3) Develop a Centre of Excellence in Industrial Research in Tropical Biological Diversity

FDPM

Forestry Museum

FRIM

Centre for Plant Diversity

Kepong Botanical Garden

Centre for Herbal Product

4) Strengthen the Institutional Framework for Biological Diversity Management

FDPM

Obtaining seedling and plantation stocks for Peninsular Malaysia

5) Strengthen and Integrate Conservation Programme

FDPM

Recreational Forest (Hutan Lipur)

Forest Rehabilitation

Federal Territory Forest Reserve Development

Research on Operation on Silviculture Treatment (Phase IV)

Implementation of Criteria, Indicators and Forest Management Activities (MC&I)

Biodiversity Conservation


25

National Strategy Projects

Management and conservation of Permanent Forest Reserves in Peninsular Malaysia

Marine Park

Habitat Conservation and Rehabilitation

Marine Protected Area Management Development

Perhilitan

Habitat and Wildlife Species Development

FRIM

Research on Classification of Source and Identification of the Optimum Silviculture Practices for “Second Growth Forest”

6) Integrating Biological Diversity Considerations into Sectoral Planning Strategies

FDPM

Evaluation of Forest Products and Services from Peninsular Malaysia

FRIM

Development of Timber Technology Park

Sample Plantation on Medicinal Plants

7) Enhance skill, capabilities and competence

FDPM

Human Resource Development (Training for Instructors)

8) Encourage Private Sector Participation

FDPM/FRIM

Multi- storied Forest Management in Malaysia

Forest Management Plan for the Pahang Peat Swamp Forest Reserves

12) Enhance Institutional and Public Awareness

Perhilitan

Wildlife Conservation Development and Public Awareness

Exhibition and Natures Awareness Development Programme

Recreational and Environmental Education Facilities

14) Exchange of Information FDPM

IT and K-Forestry FDPM

Dissemination / Expansion of Forestry Information

Perhilitan

Information Technology (IT) Capacity Building Programme

FRIM

Development of IT Centre


26

3.4 Summary of Previous Capacity Development Activities

The following table presents previous projects with capacity development activities related to

CBD.

Table 6. Previous Capacity Development Programmes / Projects related to CBD


(Year)

Organisation


Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA) Project

(2003 – 2006)

Danida NRE (CEMD)

Sarawak State Govt.

Implementing Multilateral

Environmental Agreements

The project is a 3-years Malaysian Government/Danida project aiming to build the capacity of CEMD in order for CEMD to "…fulfilling its mandate towards effective co-ordination and facilitation of participation in and implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements”.

CBD and Ramsar Convention were the relevant MEA addressed by this project. CBD was included in the training curriculum for 2 courses were developed by the Global Environment Centre in partnership with the United Nations University and UNEP, under this project. The course that are as follows: -

– International Environmental Law, Negotiations and Conflict Resolution

– Multi Lateral Environment Agreements - Management and Implementation

Amongst other outputs it also supported activities in gazetting of Kuching Wetlands as a Ramsar Site.

Master plan and Capacity Building and Strengthening of the Protected Area System of Peninsular Malaysia

(1996)

Danida & Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Perhilitan)

Protected Area Mgmt

Improve the capacity of Perhilitan in the management and conservation of biodiversity and PAs in Peninsular Malaysia.

The Plan outlined 60 actions to be initiated or strengthened in managing all 39 protected areas managed by Perhilitan.

Nature Education and Research Centre, Endau Rompin National Parks

(1996-2001)

Danida, Johor National Parks Corporation (implementing agency)

Protected Area Mgmt

Long-term conservation of the biodiversity of the Endau Rompin National Park, through establishment of a functioning nature education and research centre

Output of the project are:-

- Long-term research plan

- Training for Research and visitor facilitation

- Management plan

- Nature Education guidelines, education modules,


27


(Year)

Organisation


Teaching materials for target groups

- Environmental awareness among local populations, state agencies and authorities, private bodies and plantations

- Tourism development plans, establishment of Nature education and Research centre, establishment of environment friendly tourism facilities, and tourism promotion materials

Integrated Conservation and Development, Perlis State Park

(2002-2003)

Danida & Forestry Department

Protected Area Mgmt

Contributed to the conservation of biodiversity in Malaysia, specifically conservation of the biodiversity of the Nakawan Range.

Assisted Perlis State Forestry Department to be adequately equipped to fully protect and successfully manage and operate the Perlis State Park.

Management of Krau Wildlife Reserve, Capacity Building & Human Resources Development (Krau Wildlife)

(1998-2002)

Danida & Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Perhilitan)

Protected Area Mgmt

The Krau Project’s development objective was to “improve biodiversity conservation and management through strengthening of a protected areas system”.

The project had three immediate objectives:

• Prepare and implement a management plan for Krau Wildlife Reserve;

• Achieve capacity building in support of planning and management of Protected Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

• Human Resource Development in support of planning and management of Protected Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

Environmental Planning and Strategy (EPS) Component

(2004-2007)

Danida, EPU, INTAN, Department of Environment

Protected Area Mgmt

Capacity of building to assist the govt to implement preventive measures and planning tools.

One of the case studies focused on conservation financing and produced the following several papers related to protected areas as follows: -

– Characteristics of Protected Areas in Malaysia

– Resource allocation and fiscal gaps in Protected Area Management

– Conservation Trust Funds and Accounts: A Review of the Malaysian Experience

– Conservation Financing: A Review of the Southeast Asian Experience

– The Potential Contribution of Tourist Eco-Fees to Conservation Financing in Malaysia

Management Effectiveness Assessment of

Protected Area Mgmt

– Compile and update existing data on National and State parks in Malaysia


28


(Year)

Organisation


National and State Parks in Malaysia

(2006)

NRE and WWF Malaysia

– Identify and analyse the main pressures and threats to the National Parks and State Parks

– Determine the general strengths and weakness of National and State park management

– Examine how best to apply the skills and resources of govt., research institutions and NGOs to strengthen the mgmt of National and State park management systems

– Serving as a starting point towards fulfilling the plan of work for protected areas drawn out during the 7

th

COP to the CBD in 2004.

Implementation of Obligations under the Ramsar Convention (Tasek Bera), Pahang

(1996-1999)

Danish Cooperation on Environment and Development (DANCED) and Pahang State EPU,

Wetlands / Peatswamp /

Mangrove

The project aimed to:-

– Integrate the Semelai into the Ramsar site management and tourism related activities through a tailor-made community development programme.

– Raise the Semelai's capacity for socio-economic development whilst ensuring the sustainability of natural resource use.

Sustainable Management of the Peat Swamp Forest (PSF), Peninsular Malaysia (Peat Swamp)

(1996-1999)

Danida, Forestry Department

Wetlands / Peatswamp /

Mangrove

This project was formulated to address the issue of peat swamp forest management in Peninsular Malaysia for sustainable social, economic and environmental benefits. The project had been successfully completed and generated baseline information in relation to peat swamp management, silviculture, fire hazards, hydrological regimes, wildlife, socio-economic benefits, valuation and awareness enhancement.

Workshop on Human Resource Needs for the Management and Conservation of Biodiversity in Malaysia

(2004)

NRE and British Petroleum (BP) Malaysia

HR and capacity needs for biodiversity conservation

Broad assessment of the size and nature of human resource needs that are key to transforming Malaysia into a centre of excellence for biodiversity conservation and research. In addition to HR it also covered broad institutional and legal issues. At this workshop, 10 major issues were identified, and resolutions prepared.

(Please refer to Annex 1)

A strategy and programme for Danida Support to Environmental NGOs in Malaysia

(2004 – 2007)

Strengthening Capacity of

Environmental NGOs

Created a platform for NGOs to achieve, amongst other, the following:

1. Environmental policy dialogue platforms are further developed

2. Collaboration and capacity among the MENGOs further strengthened


29


(Year)

Organisation


Danida, Malaysian Environmental NGOs (MENGOs)

3. Participation from NGOs, CBOs and other civil society groups to build alliance and strengthen capacity

Collaboration on Biodiversity between Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Danish Universities

Danida, Universities Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Danish Universities

Collaborations, Education &

Research

Curriculum development activities to assistance to develop curricula on biodiversity, based on already existing capacity within Malaysia. such as development of a course in monitoring of biodiversity, general advice and suggestions for textbooks, guest lecturers/seminars by visiting Danish scientists.

Multipurpose Forestry in a Changing Society

(2003-2006)

Danida, FRIM

Forestry This 3-year twinning programme aims to strengthen the co-operation within forestry research and education, in order to promote sustainable forest management in both countries. The focus of the three components are:-

• nature interpretation and communication.

• connecting forests and other green resources in urban areas including developing new higher education and training in urban forestry, and considering the need for green connections between parks and gardens will also be studied.

• improving the ability and capacity of forestry research to support policy-making.

Integrated River Basin Management in Peninsular Malaysia

(2002-2007)

Danida, DID

Integrated River Basin

Mgmt / Water Resources

• Strengthen integrated natural resource management through integrated river basin management (IRBM)

• Enhance national and state capacity in integrated planning and management of river basins as a necessary step towards a balanced development between environmental and economic objectives.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) under UPEN in Penang, Sabah and Sarawak

(1996-1999)

Danida, UPEN Pulau Pinang, Sarawak and Sabah.

Integrated Coastal Zone

Mgmt

The project was designed to prepare a complete Integrated Coastal Zone Management system, including updated coastal zone profiles. The project aimed to strengthen the capacity for a proactive development management of the coastal zones aiming at sustainability for production and development. It aimed to contribute to enhancement of the capacities of decision makers, administrators and technical staff regarding their ability to develop, maintain, implement and enforce holistic guidelines and regulations incorporated into the approved Coastal Zone Management Plan.

National Highland Conservation and Management Strategy

(2002-2003)

Highlands Policy

The National Highland Conservation and Management Strategy was developed and approved by the Cabinet in January 2003 and a multi-disciplinary database as a result of the Study for the Sustainable Development of


30


(Year)

Organisation


Danida, UNDP, EPU Highlands of Peninsular Malaysia project.

The study project team developed guidelines and indicators for sustainable land use and management, a database of ecological and land use data encourage effective cooperation between planning and management agencies at the Federal and State levels

Conservation and use of native tropical fruit species biodiversity in Asia (2000 – 2003)

MARDI, funded by Asian Development Bank and 8MP (Development Fund)

Agriculture Biodiversity

(Naphelium rambutan-ake and Mangifera

odorata)

To collect, conserve, utilise genetic resources of Nephelium and Mangifera and identify its production constraints

Establishment of National Information Sharing Mechanism (NISM) for the monitoring of the progress in Plant Genetic Resource Conservation and Utilisation in Malaysia (2004-2006) MARDI, with funding from Food and Agriculture Organisation Government of Japan, 8MP

Plant Genetic Resource

Conservation and Utilisation

in Malaysia

To establish and to share information on pgrfa conservation and utilisation activities and achievements by stakeholders

Output: Information system in place and is publicly accessible through internet by all stakeholders

Sabah


(Year)

Organisation


Management of Maliau Basin Conservation Area

(1999-2003)

Danida, Yayasan

Biodiversity, Protected Areas, Wildlife

Broad assessment of the size and nature of human resource needs that are key to transforming Malaysia into a centre of excellence for bioD conservation and research. In addition to HR, it also covered institutional and legal issues.


31


(Year)

Organisation


Sabah

Capacity Building of the Environmental Conservation

Department, Sabah

(1995-1999)

Danida, ECD

Biodiversity, Protected Areas, Wildlife

Enhance institutional and human resource capacity of the ECD and strengthened inter-departmental co-operation and commitment in the implementation and administration of the Conservation

of Environment Enactment, 1996,

Integrating Environmental Issues into Spatial Planning – Local Plans in Sabah (environmental Local Planning)

(2001-2005)

Danida, TRPD

Landuse and landuse plans as development control.

Sustainable land use planning and development in Sabah. Elaboration and implementation of Local Plans in four Districts namely Tuaran, Sandakan, Beaufort and Kuala Penyu. Inter-agency coordination and cooperation, public awareness and public participation complemented in the planning process.

Management for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Peat Swamp Forest and Associated Water Regimes (Klias Forest Reserve)

(2002-2004)

Danida, Sabah Forestry Department

Peat swamp forest conservation; hydrological management;

Local community awareness and participation

Conservation and sustainable multiple use of peat swamp forest and associated water regimes. Forest management plan and hydrological management strategies.

Capacity Building of Wildlife Department, Sabah.

(2000-2003)

Danida, Wildlife Dept.

Institutional & human resource capacity; Biodiversity; Protected Areas

Sustainable management of Sabah’s wildlife resources. State Conservation Strategy for Wildlife; Strategy for law enforcement; communication an awareness strategy; involvement of local communities in nature management and protection; training programme for Wildlife Dept.’s staff.

Sabah Biodiversity Conservation Project.

(1995-1998)

DANCED, Ministry of Tourism, Culture & Environment

Biodiversity; Protected and Potential Protected Areas.

Improved, Sustainable use of Sabah’s biological resources. Management support to Tabin Wildlife Research; Multidisciplinary conservation study of Lower Kinabatangan Basin and Identification of Potential Protected Areas.

Collaboration on Biodiversity Conservation between UMS and Danish Universities.

Biodiversity Research; Curriculum Development for post graduate

Enhanced Biodiversity Conservation in Sabah through provision of improved biodiversity strategies and management. Establishment of international linkages between UMS and Danish Research Institutions.


32


(Year)

Organisation


(1997-2001)

DANCED, UMS

teaching and research in UMS

Capacity Building and Human Resource Development for an Integrated Catchment Planning in DID Sabah.

(2001-2004)

Danida, DID Sabah

Water Resource Management

Improved quality of life based on sustainable use of land, water and other natural resources. Planned institutions for Padas Catchment (District Catchment Management Committee); Information Management System on hydrological data of Padas river and on flood. Awareness raising activities.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Sabah.

(1998-2001)

DANCED, TRPD

Shoreline management

Sustainable economic and ecological potential in the coastal zones; ICZM Institutional Framework Policy Paper; Sabah ICZM Spatial Plan; Environmental Management in Sabah; Shoreline Management in Sabah.

Sarawak


(Year)

Organisation


Implementation of Sustainable Urban Development (SUD) in Kuching, Sarawak

(1999-2002)

Danida, NREB Sarawak

Objectives:

• Develop an Environmental Management System for Kuching capable of receiving, handling and monitoring data for the production of periodical environmental reports

• Initiate environmental improvements in Kuching City

a. River Quality

b. Solid Waste Management

Implementation of an Urban Environmental Management System (UEMS) in Kuching, Sarawak

(2002 – 2006)

Danida, NREB Sarawak

Urban Env Mgmt

System for overall urban environment management that deals with multiple actions indirectly controlled under city management (e.g. industries, public etc.).

• Management of environmental quality

• Documentation of environmental performance


33


(Year)

Organisation


Support to Wildlife Master Plan Implementation through Improved Management of Totally Protected Areas, Sarawak.

(2002)

Danida, National Parks and Wildlife Division of Forestry Department of Sarawak

Wildlife Mgmt

Assist the State Government in implementing the “Master Plan for Wildlife in Sarawak’, prepared in 1996 by the Wildlife Conservation Society and Sarawak Forest Department. The project focused on five Totally Protected Areas (TPAs) in the northern coastal region of Sarawak. There are Similajau, Bukit Tiban, Niah and Lambir Hills National Parks, and Sibuti Wildlife Sanctuary.

The overall objective of the project was to improve TPA management through cooperation between TPA authorities and communities and landowners in area surrounding the TPAs.

3.6 Capacity Building in Institution of Higher Education

Institutions of higher learning in Malaysia play an important role in fulfilling Malaysia’s

commitments of MEAs such as CBD.

British Petroleum (BP) Asia Pacific published in 2006 which compiled careers in biodiversity

and environmental management. This information booklet provides in detail the list of

courses available in local universities covering all aspects of environmental management,

including courses that address the management of natural resources and the environmental

management.

In addition to the information provided in “How High Does the Hornbill Fly” the following

provides information of courses related to conservation of biological diversity.

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

1. School for Humanities – Geography

Geography has been offered as one of the subjects in the School of Humanities at

Universiti Sains Malaysia since 1970, mainly focusing on three components of

Geography - Human Geography, Physical Geography and Techniques in Geography.

Human Geography further branches out into subjects to encompass Economic and

Development Geography, Urban Geography, Population Geography, Agricultural and

Rural Geography, Geographic Thought, and Regional Planning. Physical Geography

further branches into Weather and Climate, Hydrology, Geomorphology and

Biogeography. Techniques in geographical tools includes Quantitative Methods and

Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing.

2. School of Humanities – Geoinformatic Unit


34

Studies of various related applications include EIA, land management, natural

resources management, urban and regional planning, ecology and demography, trade

and market analysis, transportation, forestry, agriculture, property tax, real estate

management and social facilities planning and provision.

3. School of Humanities – Asia Pacific Research Unit

The Asia-Pacific Research Unit aims to promote multi-disciplinary research between

the School of Humanities and other schools/centres within USM. The areas of studies

include History, Politics, Languages, Literature, Philosophy, Religions, Environment,

Ethnology, Anthropology, Geography, Culture, Heritage, War and Conflict

Resolution, and the Arts. Areas of researches include relationship between Man,

Environment and Society.

4. School of Social Sciences – Anthropology and Sociology

Offers one course on “Environment and Endangered Community” (Alam Sekitar dan

Masyarakat Terancam)

5. School of Social Sciences – Planning and Development Management (Perancangan

dan Pengurusan Pembangunan)

An integrated discipline, the Planning and Development Management study aims to

produce graduates with in-depth understanding theories and issues related to global

development covering, among others, international industry and development,

education and human resource development, natural resources management, land

development and administration.

Universiti of Malaya (UM)

6. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences – Environmental Studies

Covering interdisciplinary subjects ranging from biology, geology, policy studies and

law, geography, religion, civil and chemical engineering, chemistry, economics,

history, and sociology, students will face environmental studies as a whole, enabling

them to have an analytical and functional perspective on the environmental issues

facing our world today.

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

7. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities - Social, Development and Environment

Studies

8. Centre for General Studies

As part of the liberal elective courses, offers subjects such as ‘The Environment and

Health’, ‘Global Ecology and Sustainable Development’, ‘Environment Philosophy’,

‘English for Science and Technology’ and ‘English for Life Sciences’.

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

9. Department of Biological Sciences – Bachelor of Science (Biological Science)

10. Department of Biological Sciences – Bachelor of Science (Biodiversity Conservation

and Management).


35

11. 11. Faculty of Management and Economics – Bachelor of Economics (Natural

Resources)

The objective of this program is to produce new generation of economists with a

broad based knowledge in economics with a special focus in resource economics,

with the aim to produce graduates who are able to identify issues, conduct analyses,

and suggest solutions to societal and national problems.

12. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture – Bachelor in Applied Science & Diploma

in Fishery (Fishery)

Subjects focus on aquatic ecology, vertebrate biology and aquatic vertebrate, aquatic

botany, fish dynamic population, aquatic organism eco-physiology, microbiology,

aquatic pollution, fishery for recreation, biostatistics, aquatic instrumentation method,

technique for aquatic resources exploitation, technique of post-harvest fishery,

policies rules and regulation of fishery, fishery economy, maritime management and

mariculture.

13. Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science – Department of Marine Science

This department focused in the field of the environment, physical and chemical

characteristic of the ocean, with emphasise on Marine Biodiversity, Marine

Ecosystem, Marine Pollution, Oceanography and Marine Processes, Marine

Meteorology, Marine Chemistry and Coastal Processes.

Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)

14. School of Sustainable Agriculture – Horticulture and Landscape Program

This Program is related to the art and science of plant propagation, production,

ornamental plants and conservation in order to improve and brighten the human

environment. Emphasis is given on the production of fruits, vegetables and flowers. It

is to create, conserve and promote a congenial physical and spiritual environment to

humans. Other issues dealt with are related to natural products and environmental

conservation such as the mangrove ecosystem and domestic plants. This program

also emphasises on sustainable organic farming and urban development.

15. Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation

The Institute assists in running several courses for the School of Science and

Technology, the School of International Tropical Forestry and the School of

Engineering and Information Technology. This institute is also offering six (6) minor

courses related to management and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem to

non-science students.

16. School of Science and Technology – Environmental Science

This programme provides students with a strong foundation on the physical, chemical

and biological characteristics of the environment. A multidisciplinary approach,

emphasizing the relationship of man and the environment will be adopted.


36

Open University of Malaysia

17. Faculty of Science - Master of Environmental Science (Integrated Water Resource

Management)

The objectives of the Master of Environmental Science are to provide graduates with

a thorough understanding of water resource conservation and management,

sustainable development of ground water resources and environments, provide

graduates with the ability to critically evaluate the existing water resources and

management system and provide graduates with the knowledge to improve water

conservation and management systems throughout the world.

Monash University Malaysia

18. School of Arts and Sciences - Bachelor of Science (Environmental Management)

The objectives of the course are to provide students with a knowledge of a broad

spectrum of resource management issues and strategies used to manage and sustain

the Earth’s natural resources, including scientific principles, concepts and skills in

areas of science relevant to resource management, such as biology, environmental

chemistry, ecology, microbiology, statistics, environmental health, marine and

freshwater biology and environmental management.

3.7 Analysis of past and on-going development initiatives

Based on review of the information from this chapter the following are observed:

– There are many capacity building activities / programmes that are contributing and have

contributed towards the implementation of CBD in the country.

– Development projects that are carried out under the 5-year Malaysia Plans address the

issue of capacity building directly and also indirectly. This stocktaking report compiled

activities that are approved for / implemented by Forestry Department of Peninsular

Malaysia, FRIM, Perhilitan, Department of Marine Parks and MARDI.

– Projects that are approved for / implemented under the Malaysia Plans by these agencies

are specific to their respective sectors. These projects do not address issues that are cross-

cutting in nature.

– In addition to funding from Malaysia, there are also many programmes that receive

funding from international agencies. These addressed the following aspects of CBD

following: -

o Conservation of Biological Diversity

o Natural Resource Management

o Protected Area / Wildlife Management

o Forestry (Biodiversity)

o Marine resources

o Highlands

o Water Resources (such as integrated river basin management)


37

o Coastal Resources (such as integrated coastal zone management)

– Capacities building of projects that receive external funding are normally anchored at

relevant implementing agencies either at the federal government level or state

government levels. These tend to complement and supplement efforts of existing efforts.

– Projects which address conservation of biological diversity in a holistic manner

inevitably involve the buy-in and commitment of several stakeholders. This reflects the

reality and challenges of the situation.

– The range of activities carried out by projects with external funding varies. The range

would include the following: -

o Policy and institutional strengthening

o Improving management, planning and programmes

o Developing tools / methods to improve decision making (such as using

economic valuation and cost benefit analysis as tools)

o Promoting Organisational change

o Identifying relevant training needs

o Improving capacity of environmental NGOs

– The types of activities / outputs of these projects covers the following:

o Background / Technical study

o Specific / Technical Training of skills and knowledge necessary

o Developing guidelines, tools and toolkits

o Demonstration Projects / Pilot Studies at a particular location involving

implementing agencies

o Draft action plan / management plan

o Workshops / Seminar to engage relevant stakeholders

o Workshops / Seminar to disseminate outcome

o Training modules and Materials

o Publications


38

4. Capacity Issues

This chapter presents a preliminary account of capacity issues based on stock-taking exercise.

Capacity Issues Systemic Institutional Individual

Although all programmes and activities are monitored individually, there is no overall and comprehensive monitoring mechanisms for the implementation of CBD based on the National Policy on Biological Diversity of relevant implementing agencies and also implementation status in various states.

Lack of information may present an issue in quantitative analysis of programmes.

There are strategic benefits of improving monitoring because this will allow better decision making.

√

The implementation of CBD necessarily involves forestry, water catchments, rivers, and coastal areas.

Therefore it is important for states to have state steering committee to guide the implementation of CBD in every state.

This will also provide a platform for federal-state cooperation, as well as for synergy among relevant implementing agencies, eg. forestry, DID Perhilitan.

√ √

Some institutions already implementing projects that contribute towards implementing of CBD may not necessarily be aware of its relevance to CBD.

There are benefits to increase awareness of this. This could be addressed by mainstreaming CBD further in order to relevant agencies appreciate the “perceived” value and benefits of activities that are carried out.

It will also boost the morale of the officers.

√ √ √

Technical officers may not relate their (specific) work in terms of contribution towards conservation of biological diversity.

√ √

Incomplete and not comprehensive roster of experts in Biodiversity and related areas.

This may lead to poor ability to mobilise the right and suitable resources.

A complete roster will help to identify gaps in human resource gaps, skills and expertise which can to be addressed by recruitment, training and also other capacity building activities.

√ √


39

5. Lessons Learned and Trends

It is observed that there are many projects that contribute towards implementation of CBD.

The following are observation of lessons learned and trends: -

Sector Based versus Inter-Sectorial Approaches

– In order to implement activities for conservation of biodiversity, some activities are very

specific to a sector or a specific organisation. For instance, rehabilitation of degraded

forests or developing interpretation centres in a protected area that is opened to tourists.

– Some activities are inter-sectorial in nature. For instance, in order to implement and

develop and plan for effective conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity.

Such a project would involve the commitment and cooperation of various sectors – on

land, on water and on /in the sea.

– There are positive potential for synergies from sharing information, best practices as well

as resources. There may be challenges in ensuring that there is positive collaboration to

realise the positive outcomes.

Process-Oriented Approach

– Capacity building programmes are normally based on the “process-oriented” approach.

This means that capacity building is achieved through a process in which activities are

carried out and outputs delivered to meet the specific goals of the project. The outputs are

normally aligned very closely to the needs of the implementing organisation.

– Therefore the process is equally important as the output and deliverables.

Right Partner

– Because most of these projects are process oriented, one of its factor or success is the

choice of implementing agency important. It is not difficult to identify the relevant

partner for capacity building programmes and activities. There could be a risk that the

partner may not be ready to be engaged in such a programme.

– The factors that determine the “readiness” of a partner are normally the commitment

from the top management in terms of stewardship within the organisation, allocating time

of officers and also relevant resources.

Need for Coodination and Integration

– In order to implement conservation activities, several agencies may be required to work

together, or to support one another. For instance in terms of management of protected

areas state and federal agencies are involved. Therefore it is important that these agencies


40

are able to work together either complementing or supplementing one another to achieve

the objectives at the state and also national level.

Need for Replication and Institutionalisation

– It is important to encourage that capacity be continually applied within the organisation,

and where possible, to be replicated in other states or agencies to increase its benefits.

For instance the lessons learned from developing and implementing an action plan for

protected area management for a park / Ramsar Site in Johor can be shared with other

states.

– In addition, if these processes are deemed desirable, relevant processes / outputs needs to

be institutionalised.

– One possible approach to design or develop capacity building projects in the future is to

identify with the partner, the need for certain instruments, tools to be institutionalised.

Need for Institutional Memory

– One of the major challenges is staff mobility. There could be risks where capacity built

will be lost. However there could also be advantages because the benefits of knowledge,

skills and experience can be transferred.

– The approach to address the issue of staff mobility is to build-up institutional memory, as

well as a knowledge management system.


41

6. Linkages of NCSA with National Priority

The NCSA Process provides a platform to discuss the priority of implementing CBD in the

country. It is expected to complement and build upon current and existing projects (such as

Biological Diversity Component of Danida, UNDP/GEF Project on Conserving Marine

Biodiversity through Enhanced Marine Park Management and Inclusive Sustainable Island

Development), programmes and activities in order to meet the Malaysia’s goals and

aspirations. This process is expected to address capacity gaps based upon the direction taken

by Malaysia.


42

Bibliography

Danida (2002) Status of Multilateral Environmental Agreements in Malaysia:

Compliance and Opportunity Analysis (Technical Report - Annexes) prepared by AEB

Consult.

Economic Planning Unit (2006) Third Outline Perspective Plan (2001-2010). Percetakan

Nasional Malaysia Berhad.

Economic Planning Unit (2006) Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010). Percetakan Nasional

Malaysia Berhad.

Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, Ministry of

Housing and Local Government (2005) National Physical Plan

Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, Ministry of

Housing and Local Government (2006) National Urbanisation Policy

Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia (1999) Dasar Pertanian Negara Ketiga (1998-2010) or

Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010)

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2004) National Wetlands Policy

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2005) Biodiversity in Malaysia

Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (1998). First National Report

to the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity

MEA Project (2004). The Existing Legal and Institutional Framework for MEA Management

in Malaysia. September

Environmental Protection Department Sabah, Malaysia (2003) Environmental Indicator

Report

Biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism

http://www.frim.gov.my/chm/index.htm

Haini Tainsong and Jannie Lasimbang (2004) Draft Rules to the Sabah Biodiversity

Enactment 2000: A Case Study of Indigenous Peoples’ Involvement in Sabah, Malaysia

About RM10 Mln To Be Spent In Phase II Of Biodiversity Project

http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=284527

BBEC Project (2007) Sabah Environmental Education Policy

http://www.bbec.sabah.gov.my/EE_Policy_0808.pdf

BP (2004) Workshop on Human Resource Needs for the Management and Conservation of

Biodiversity in Malaysia


43

Appendix 1 – Workshop on Human Resource Needs for the Management and Conservation of Biodiversity in Malaysia (2004).

Summary of Issues Identified and Resolution

No Issue Resolution

1 Need to address the high fragmented nature of institutional structures for biodiversity conservation and management

– Create or designate a single agency to undertake biodiversity conservation and management. Study the feasibility of an umbrella law for biodiversity

– Through NRE, put up a paper to make biodiversity a priority for all and to reflect in all relevant policies.

– Provide economic incentives to State Government to conserve

– Apportion income generated from biodiversity conservation (e.g. as in oil reserve)

2 Need for policy consistency where biodiversity management and conservation is concerned

There is a need to review NBP, particularly the strategies and action plans. There must be performance indicators to measure the level of implementation of strategy and action plans

3 Need for improved capacity within the agencies concerned

More financial allocations for human resource and technical support to management agencies, focused awareness raising amongst decision-makers (all government strata) and formalised stakeholder consultation in biodiversity programmes / projects (eg. planning)

4 Need to enhance present Federal-State relationships biodiversity management and conservation is concerned

A State Biodiversity Accounting system to determine the status, availability and value of biodiversity resources at state and federal level should be established.

5 Need to address the fragmented nature of current management systems, the lack of coordination between agencies, poor information and data flow and limited monitoring

– Current management and conservation mandates, systems and methods; review instruments and approaches should be reviewed

– An integrated framework for all mgmt and conservation systems should be developed

– Roles of related Ministries and agencies (responsibilities and accountability) should be clearly established.

– A coordination mechanism should be established to bring together all stakeholders in order to ensure an integrated approach is used in management and conservation

6 Need to address the poor grasp of biodiversity requirements in terms of skills among agencies and the inadequate HR planning in the field

– NRE through CEMD should act as the focal point to work with PSD in identifying appropriate skills for biodiversity conservation and management

– NRE should redirect its agencies to take stock of its NBP its strategies and action plans and HR needs against current capacity

– Delegation of powers across agencies to be enabled to


44

No Issue Resolution

facilitate management and enforcement

– NRE should look at community involvement in biodiversity mgmt and conservation

– NRE must take the lead in collaboration with relevant agencies including industries and media

7 Absence of tools to enable effective HR planning and development

NRE should commission the development of tools for manpower planning and development and benchmark against global tools

8 Absence of awareness of the importance and significance of biodiversity conservation and mgmt at the school level

– NRE should infuse an Env. Education Strategy in the current school syllabus / curriculum.

– Ministry of Education and NRE should develop and implement the training, which includes modules for counselors on biodiversity conservation and mgmt.

9 Absence of awareness of the importance and significance of biodiversity conservation and management at civil service level.

– National Institute of Administration and NRE will work together to strengthen the existing module on training

– The module should be made a priority for decision makers to implement

10 Current university courses are too focused and should be more inter-disciplinary

Universities should make a more concerted effort to incorporate biodiversity training in non-traditional disciplines.


45

Appendix 2 - Implementing Agencies

Thematic Areas Main Agency Related Agencies

Agriculture MARDI Department of Agriculture

Department of Agriculture - Sabah

Department of Agriculture - Sarawak

Department of Fisheries

FRIM

Forest Div of Forestry Dev. (NRE) State Forestry Departments

Sarawak Forestry Corporation

Perhilitan

Wildlife Department Sabah

Wildlife Department Sarawak

Protected Area Management Authorities - Johor National Parks Corp, Perak State Park Corporation, Selangor State Park Corporation, Sabah Parks,

FRIM

Mountain LESTARI Similar to “Forest” thematic area

Inland Waters Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture

Department of Irrigation and Drainage

Department of Environment

Marine and Coastal

Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture

Department of Irrigation and Drainage

Wildlife departments?

Department of Marine Parks


Islands Department of Marine Parks State / Local Governments



46

Cross-cutting areas

Main Agency Related Agencies

Invasive Alien Species

Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture

Department of Agriculture


MARDI

State Forestry Departments

FRIM

Perhilitan

Sabah Wildlife Department

Sarawak Wildlife Department

Ecosystem Approach

Div of Forestry Dev. (NRE)


Sarawak Forestry Corporation

Perhilitan

Sabah Wildlife Department

Sarawak Wildlife Department

Protected Area Management Authorities - Johor National Parks Corp, Perak State Park Corporation, Selangor State Park Corporation, Sabah Parks

FRIM


Global Taxonomy Initiative

FRIM MARDI

Perhilitan


Sarawak Bio-D Centre

Sabah Bio-D Centre

Global Strategy on Plant Conservation

FRIM State Forestry Departments

MARDI

Perhilitan


Sabah Bio-D Centre

Protected Areas Perhilitan Please refer to “ecosystem approach”

Scientific Assessment

CEMD as coordinator FRIM


MARDI

Perhilitan



Sabah Bio-D Centre

Indicators CEMD as coordinator All related implementing agencies


47

Cross-cutting areas

Main Agency Related Agencies

Tech. transfer & Cooperation

CEMD as coordinator All related implementing agencies

Economic, Trade, Incentives

EPU CEMD

State EPUs

Sustainable Use EPU CEMD

State EPUs

Tourism and Bio-D Perhilitan Perhilitan


Protected Area Management Authorities - Johor National Parks Corp, Perak State Park Corporation, Selangor State Park Corporation, Sabah Parks, Sarawak Forestry Corporation


Access, Benefit-sharing, & Traditional Knowledge

CEMD as coordinator Ministry of Domestic Trade


Sabah Bio-D Centre

Impact Assessment & Redress


Financial resource & mechanism for CBD

CEMD as coordinator EPU

Ministry of Finance

State EPU & Treasure

National Reports CEMD as coordinator All related implementing agencies

Education & Public Awareness


Clearinghouse Mechanism

FRIM All related implementing agencies


48

Appendix 3 - Projects Approved Under Ninth Development Plan Projects with capacity building elements, grouped according to the 15 strategies of the

National Policy on Biological Diversity.

Implementation of National Strategy

Project Name Project Description

1) Meningkatkan Asas Pengetahuan Saintifik

JPSM Penilaian Ekonomi Biodiversiti di Semenanjung Malaysia Projek biji benih dan baik biak pokok Taman Laut Program Pembangunan Sumber Nilai Biodiversiti, Ekonomi, Sains dan Sosial Ekosistem Marin Perhilitan Program Meningkatkan Kekayaan Baru “New Wealth” Kepelbagaian Biologi Daripada Sumber-sumber yang ada FRIM Pembangunan Teknologi dan Produk Kayu Bioteknologi Hutan New Frontier for Wealth Creation

Menjalankan kajian di lapangan untuk mendapatkan data nilai keluaran barangan dan perkhidmatan sumber hutan sebelum dan selepas dibalak Penubuhan kebun biji benih dan klon petak teknologi, kawasan SPA dan kebun pangkas Penyediaan sistem maklumat, pengumpulan data, pangkalan data dan pemetaan

2) Meningkatkan Penggunaan Komponen Kepelbagaian Biologi Secara Lestari

JPSM Rancangan Penanaman Buluh Fasa II Rancangan Penanaman Rotan Fasa II Pembangunan model-model perhutanan Tani FRIM Pengkomersilan Hasil Penyelidikan FRIM

Rawatan dan bancian tumbesaran buluh, kajian kuantiti baja yang optima, kajian kaedah penjarangan, seminar dan bengkel Membanci, menyulam kawasan lapang, pemerhatian fenologi dan menyediakan panduan bancian Pengumpulan maklumat, penambahan kuasa, perolehan bahan tanaman, membaja, penyulaman, mencuci barisan tanaman, penyelenggaraan jalan dan parit


49



Pembangunan dan Pengurusan Ladang Hutan secara lestari Pembangunan Teknologi pengurusan hutan secara lestari

3) Menubuhkan Pusat KecemerlanganTentang penyelidikan dan perindustrian dalam kepelbagaian Biologi Tropika

Penubuhan dan Jaringan Pusat Perolehan Bahan Tanaman di Negeri-negeri Pembangunan Muzium Perhutanan Taman Laut Pusat Kecemerlangan Taman Laut FRIM Pusat Diversiti Tumbuhan Pusat Pembangunan Produk Herba – Penemuan Sebatian semula jadi Pusat Pembangunan Produk Herba Pembangunan Taman Botani Kepong Pusat Rujukan Perhutanan Tropika Antarabangsa

Menyediakan prasarana, Peralatan pengoperasian dan mendapatkan pensijilan Penyediaan kemudahan infrastruktur, latihan, kelas pengajaran, pengurusan data, bahan rujukan dan kemudahan seminar dan persidangan

5) Memperkukuh dan Mengintegrasikan program pemuliharaan

JPSM Pelaksanaan Kriteria, Petunjuk dan Aktiviti Pengurusan Hutan (MC & I) Fasa II Pembangunan Pendidikan dan Pengembangan di Hutan Simpan Wilayah Persekutuan (Fasa II) Penubuhan dan Pengurusan Kawasan Tadahan Air dalam HSK Pemulihan Hutan Pengurusan dan pembangunan Taman-

Pengamatan dan penilaian MC & I, penganjuran kursus / bengkel dan seminar Menjadikan pusat lawatan di kota raya, meningkatkan usaha- usaha pemeliharaan biodiversiti, menyediakan kawasan rekreasi Usaha-usaha pemulihan kawasan tadahan air dalam HSK Menubuh taman-taman dan pusat pemeliharaan, pemerhatian, pengajian dan interpretasi di kawasan HSK yang dijadikan


50



taman Negeri Perhutanan dan Pemeliharaan Hutan Forest Management Plan fot the Pahang Peat Swamo Forest Reserve Penghutanan kawasan Terosot dan sensitif Taman Laut Pemuliharaan dan Pembaikpulih Habitat Pembangunan Pengurusan Kawasan Perlindungan Marin Perhilitan Program Konservasi dan Pembangunan Industri sarang Burung Layang-layang Pembangunan Taman Zoologi FRIM Kajian pengelasan sumber dan penentuan opsyen silvikultur optimum bagi “Second Growth Forest”

Taman Negeri Memulihkan kawasan terosot dan sensitif dengan menanam pokok yang praktikal, mengenalpasti teknik pemulihan, mewujudkan model penghutanan berorientasikan pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan Menjalankan pembinaan dan pemasangan tukun tiruan dan tukun pelindung habitat terumbu karang di kawasan perairan Taman Laut

6) Mengintegrasikan pertimbangan kepelbagaian Biologi ke dalam strategi perancangan sektor

Pengurusan dan Pembangunan Tumbuhan ubat-ubatan dan herba hutan Penaksiran Nilai-nilai Keluaran barangan dan perkhidmatan sumber hutan Semananjung Malaysia

7) Meningkatkan kemahiran keupayaan dan kecekapan

Pencegahan dan Pengawalan Kebakaran Hutan Akademi Perhutanan

Memberi latihan, menubuhkan unit udara dan unit pencegahan dan pengawalan kebakaran hutan Mengadakan latihan teknikal, pensijilan pengurusan hutan, menganjurkan program Diploma Lanjutan Perhutanan, pusat


51



Taman Laut Pembangunan Sumber Manusia Pelan Pengurusan Taman Laut Malaysia Peningkatan Kemudahan Penyelidikan dan Pemantauan

penerbitan dan penyebaran maklumat, pusat koleksi herbarium, sampel kayu dan perpustakaan Menjalankan kursus dan latihan kepada kakitangan dan pembentukan modul latihan dan program pendidikan Penyediaan pelan strategik dan pelan tindakan serta garis panduan Taman Laut Perolehan kapal utiliti, sewaan bot kajian,peralatan makmal dan cetakan laporan

10) Meminimumkan kesan aktiviti manusia terhadap kepelbagaian biologi

JPSM Penilaian operasi rawatan dirian tinggal untuk tebangan pusingan kedua

Kerja-kerja penubuhan, bancian dan sukatan semula, mengedit data-data dan pengemaskinian

11) Mewujudkan dasar, peraturan, undang- undang dan keupayaan berdasarkan biokeselamatan

JPSM Pencegahan dan Pengawalan Spesies Invasif Hutan

Penubuhan pusat pengumpulan maklumat, penyebaran maklumat, pengawalan spesies dan pemantauan

12) Meningkatkan kesedaran institusi dan kesedaran awam

JPSM Hutan Lipur Fasa II Pengembangan maklumat Perhutanan Fasa II Taman Laut Program Pendidikan, Kesedaran Awam dan Kesihatan Taman Laut

Menyediakan kawasan Hutan Lipur dan rekreasi di samping program pengembangan dan pendidikan untuk rakyat Peningkatan dan penyebaran maklumat dan penyediaan kemudahan Mengendalikan kem taman laut, pameran, ceramah, simposium, program sukarelawan dan kesedaran awam

14) Pertukaran maklumat

JPSM Pemantauan Tumbesaran dan Pengeluaran Ladang Hutan Perhilitan Pembangunan Aplikasi E- Perhilitan Program inventori dan Pemantauan kepelbagaian Biologi Negara FRIM Projek surney, inventori dan dokumentasi kepelbagaian biologi Flora dan fauna

Pengumpulan maklumat berkaitan tumbesaran, rawatan, aktiviti penyelenggaraan, membaja, meracun


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implementation of convention on biological diversity (cbd ... · majlis biodiversiti and...

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