implementation report

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HELP DAVAO – DOST XI

Vertical Helophyte Filter system construction report The implementation, quotation and maintenance of a vertical helophyte filter system in Davao City

Sean Ligtvoet 1/24/2013

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Vertical Helophyte Filter system

construction report The implementation, quotation and maintenance of a vertical helophyte filter system in

Davao City

HELP Davao

Corner Dumanlas and Friendship, Davao 8000 Philippines

[email protected]

0031 181 404 900

Version 1

24 January 2013 Davao City

Author:

Ligtvoet, S.

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1. Preface

The treatment of wastewater coming from households is an effective way to create a more

sustainable environment and therefore a better world. With the Vertical Helophyte Filter System

manual for Davao City my attentions were to make more understanding about the wastewater

treatment in Davao City. This manual was a project of the HELP Davao Network. This report can be

seen as an extension of the manual as it was used as base for the construction.

With this report I wish to make a clear sight on how the implementation of the first Vertical

Helophyte Filter system in Davao City was accomplished.

This report is produced during a third year Water Management internship of Rotterdam University of

Applied Science, at the HELP Davao Network in Davao City.

The construction of the Vertical Helophyte Filter System wouldn’t be possible without the help and

support I received from several individuals and organizations within the HELP Davao Network and the

Rotterdam University of Applied Science. The next chapter is devoted to those who I’d like to thank

for their support and help during the construction.

Sean Ligtvoet, 24 January 2013

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2. Acknowledgements This report is made to function as an example for future implementation of a Vertical Helophyte Filter

System. The construction is funded by the HELP Davao Network. HELP Davao is the local network of

the UNESCO HELP1 program. Therefore I would like to extend my sincere thanks and appreciation to

Hon. Marissa-Salvador Abella chairperson of the HELP Davao Network and the following

organizations within the organization:

DOST XI (Department of Science and Technology Region XI)

The help of the DOST XI was my biggest asset during the construction of the filter system. They

arranged an office to work on my report and their assistance was their when it was needed.

Therefore I want to thank; Dr. Anthony Sales for the opportunity he gave me to build the filter

system for the new laboratory of the DOST XI; Ma’m M. Domingo who was the who coordinated the

preparation and course of our internship; Sr. Adonis M. Traje who provided equipment; Ma’am

Marife Anunciado who made the cash advantages possible, controlled and registered the payments

and arranged transportation and contracts; The rest of my colleges at DOST XI who were providing

me lots of help and a comfortable working environment.

Professor T.H. Heikoop Rotterdam University of Applied Science

Mr. Heikoop was my internship supervisor and provided me the contact with the HELP Davao

Network. He gave asset on my proposal, surveyed my stay and gave me a good preparation before

going to Davao City.

Ms. Hydie Maspiñas DCWD (Davao City Water District)

Ms. Hydie, working for the DCWD, gave me 20,000 peso cash advantage. Therefor I’d like to thank

her for her generosity.

My most sincere thanks to you all

1 Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy (HELP)

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Table of Contents 1. Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 2

2. Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3

3. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5

4. Proposal ........................................................................................................................................... 7

4.1. VHFS manual for Davao City ......................................................................................................... 7

4.1.2. Technical design made by KIWA ............................................................................................ 7

4.1.2. Cross section of the implemented filter system ................................................................. 10

....................................................................................................................................................... 10

4.1.3. Location ............................................................................................................................... 11

4.1.4. Scale ..................................................................................................................................... 12

4.1.5. Construction ........................................................................................................................ 13

4.2. Quotation ................................................................................................................................... 16

4.3. Funding by HELP Davao network .......................................................................................... 17

5. Preparation phase ......................................................................................................................... 18

5.1. Workers ...................................................................................................................................... 22

5.2. Supplies ................................................................................................................................. 22

5.3. Working schedule .................................................................................................................. 23

5.4. Designs .................................................................................................................................. 27

6. Implementation ............................................................................................................................. 32

7. Finances ......................................................................................................................................... 43

8. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 44

Appendix ................................................................................................................................................ 45

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3. Introduction Context Davao City is the biggest city on the Island Mindanao in the Philippines, with a population of 1 449

296 people in 2010 the second city in the Philippines and with 244 000 hectare of land one of the

largest cities in the world based on surface area (City Planning and Development coordinator, 2010).

The name Davao might be derived from the Davao river, however impossible to trace the origin of

the name, it is certain that Davao is a delta city under influence of eight watersheds, of which the

largest and near the highest populated area is the Davao River (HELP Davao Network, 2011).

Davao City is a growing city where the society has enormous differences in incomings and lifestyles.

Brand new shopping malls are lying next to informal settlements were the houses are made from

wood and wave plates. The city is developing with new businesses from America, Korea and Australia

that are settling there.

The wastewater drainage of the city is designed to drain mainly the rainwater and wastewater

coming from the kitchen, shower and sinks. The toilet water is generally discharging in septic tanks

that are, in some cases, poorly maintained and in worst cases are overflowing. Some of the poorest

areas drain all their wastewaters direct to the surface water.

The cities drainage channels are in sometimes overflowing when the rainfall intensity and the tides

are high. When this occurs, the wastewater of households, local businesses and even hospitals are

flowing through the streets creating health risks and lots of environmental pollution due to the

damage full substances that are used in households, local businesses and even hospitals.

Main goal The main goal of this project is the implementation of a Vertical Helophyte Filter System (VHFS) for

wastewater treatment of the new laboratory building of the DOST XI office.

Target group The target of this project is primarily the (non-)governmental organizations within or outside the

HELP Davao network that have or feel the responsibility of establishing a cleaner way of discharging

wastewater within Davao city. These (non-)governmental organizations are:

- The City Government of Davao City

- Department of Science & Technology Region XI

- Davao City Water District

- Department of Environment & Natural Resources

- Department of Highways and public structures

- PCEEM People Collaborating for Environmental and Economic Management in Davao

foundation

- University of the Philippines Mindanao

- University Ateneo de Davao

- University of South Philippines

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Secondary are (non-)governmental organizations, businesses, households and community based

households that are settled inside or outside Davao City that feel or have the responsibility of

establishing a cleaner way of wastewater discharge within or outside Davao city. These target groups

can be:

- City governments

- Research or educational organizations

- Consultancies

- Suppliers of wastewater treatment facilities or components of it

- Environmental organizations

- Residents of Davao City or other city’s/ villages

- Local businesses in- or outside Davao City

- Water quality administrators

Delimitation of the manual This Vertical Helophyte Filter System construction report is written to be used as a guideline with

recommendations. The construction of the filter system is done by using the VHFS manual for Davao

City.

Used programs - Microsoft Word 2012

- Microsoft Excel 2012

- Adobe Illustrator CS5

- Google Sketch up 8 Pro

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4. Proposal This chapter describes how the funding was obtained from the HELP Davao Network. In this phase a

quotation and a proposal was made with help of the Vertical Helophyte Filter System (VHFS) Manual.

4.1. VHFS manual for Davao City The actual implementation of the VHFS at the Department of Science & Technology was an action

after releasing the ‘’VHFS manual for Davao City’’. In this manual the need for a wastewater

treatment facility in Davao City was described and a full design was already made for the new

laboratory building in the DOST XI building complex. A few chapters of this manual where fully used in

the implementation phase and used for the proposal. In this paragraph these chapters are copied.

4.1.2. Technical design made by KIWA

Dimensioning The hydraulic design load at average domestic wastewater depending on the dirt load is not allowed

to be more than 60 liters/ m²/ day.

- The guideline for the surface determination of the helophyte filter must be 4m²/p.e.

(population equivalent = 1 person a day)

- The helophyte filter must be irrigated at least two times a day

Pump installation - The pump installation must be installed that, with normal flow of wastewater, the helophyte

filter is irrigated twice in 24 hour

- The pump and the structure of the supply drainage line must be constructed in a way that

the wastewater is evenly distributed over the helophyte filter and the pump cycle doesn’t

take more than five minutes

- The pomp must connected conform NEN 1010 (Only in the Netherlands)

- The pump must have a high and low level alarm, visually or acoustically

- The pump must be suitable for long lasting pumping of wastewater

Wastewater well

- The wastewater well must be watertight and properly build

- The wastewater well must still be able to retain 50% of the average daily flow above the

maximum content level. So when failures on the pump occur there is 12 hours to fix the

problem

Supply pipes - The structure of the supply pipes must be constructed in a way that the wastewater is evenly

distributed over the helophyte filter

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- The main supply line to that transports the wastewater to the perforated supply lines must

be big enough so there is no higher internal resistance possible than the pump system can

take. The main supply line must have a diameter that’s twice the size of the perforated lines

and must be connected with the same connection parts as the perforated pipes

- The perforated supply lines must have a diameter of 32 to 40 mm

- The supply lines must be made from PVC, HDPE, PP (with KOMO or KIWA validation (Only in

the Netherlands))

- There must be at least two perforated supply lines

- The distance between the perforated pipelines have to be between 70 and 100 cm for a

elegant irrigation

- The links between the supply pipes have to be removable to perform maintenance,

inspection and possible ground settlement

- The links have to be made from PP with fixmanchet connection (waterproof)

- The perforated supply lines have to be perforated in longitude direction and in one straight

line

- The perforation diameter have to be between 6 and 10 mm with regards to internal system

pressure

- The perforations have to be free from burrs

- For the prevention of jammed supply lines it’s possible to make taps in the perforations

- The distance between the perforations must be within 1 meter

- The perforated supply lines have to lay in a top layer that’s not sensitive for jamming. The

layer is a barrier against smell

- The perforated supply lines must be isolated good by the top layer to prevent craters in the

sand bed

- The top layer must be made from shells or gravel with no residences of clay in it

- The thickness of the top layer must be at least 10cm

Drainage discharge pipes - The drainage discharge pipes must have a minimum diameter of 80mm for filters until 10

p.e. and 100mm for filters until 50 p.e.

- The drainage discharge pipes must be made developed with Pp-fiber class 450 µm or

equivalent pipes

- Between and on the drainage pipes there must be gravel to seal the pipes

- There must be an imperforated pipe attached to the perforated drainage pipes so they can

be removed for cleaning. These pipes must be closed so no rainwater can enter

- The drainage discharge pipes must be installed on a maximum depth of 100cm under the

sand filter

- The discharge of the filter must be constructed on a higher level so it’s always inside water so

oxidation can’t occur

Clean water well - After the filtering but before the discharge of the water to the surface water there must be a

small well to make it able to get samples of treated water

- The well must be constructed in a way that sampling is possible

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- This well must contain 5 liters and must be constructed in such a way that the water can flow

without resistance

- The well must be watertight and properly constructed

Gravel layer - The drainage discharge pipes must be sealed with gravel. This layer must be at least 20cm of

which 5 cm is above the pipes

- The grain size of the gravel has to be between 8 and16 mm thick

Root cloth - For the dividing of the sand filter bed and the gravel layer, where the drainage discharge

pipes are, a root cloth must be placed

- The material quality must be PP and it must have a minimum weight of 100 gram/m²

- The minimum water permeability must be 20 liter/m²s by 1000mm water column

- Tensile strength chain 3 X 600 dlex-woof 40 X 1200 dlex

Sand filter bed - The sand filter must be at least 80 cm

- The grain size of the filter sand must be between 100 to 500µm with a median of 200 to

250µm, with less than 1% of its weight through the 100µm sieve

- The sand must be free from contamination by organic, toxic or clogging ground

- The sand must be free from loam

- For the binding of phosphate (oil free) iron filings can be added to the sand. This must be

15kg/m³

- The adding of iron can only be done in the upper layer of the sand filter because otherwise

iron oxidation will drain to the drainage discharge pipes. Also the binding of phosphate only

occurs in the upper layer of the sand filter bed (During the oxidation from ferrous to ferric

ions)

Sealing - The helophyte filter must be separated from the ground with a waterproof layer

- For the waterproof layer PE, HDPE or EPDM rubber foil can be used with a minimum

thickness of 1mm

Plants - Within the helophyte filter only apply one kind of plant

- The best plant to use is reed (Phragmites australis)

- The planting density for seedlings amounts to 4 to 6 plants/m² and for cuttings 6 to 10

plants/m² depending on the root herb so that an acceptable amount of plants is realized fast

- To prevent preferred path lines the plants must not be planted in straight lines

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Micro-organism

- Add 20kg of straw per 10m³ sand. This will be an attachment site and carbon source for

microorganisms for the first years. Later the roots of the reed will take it over

Limestone - Limestone has a high capacity on phosphorus removal. This is why it’s recommended to add

lime stone to the under part of the sand filter bed. This part is from the root cloth up to 80cm

in the sand filter bed. The good amount of limestone is 10% of the sand filter (Blom, 2003)

Duckweed - By adding duckweed at the discharge side of the helophyte filter lots of phosphorus and

nitrogen gets removed from the water

4.1.2. Cross section of the implemented filter system

This cross section is used as an aid to explain the working of the VHFS.

Figure 1: cross section

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4.1.3. Location

The compound of the DOST XI is

located at the corner of

Dumanlas- Friendship Road that

lays in Bajada, Davao City. On the

chart to the right you can see the

exact location.

On the chart on the right the project

side is shown. The helophyte

filter will be realized at the

North-Eastside of the compound

next to the Northern building. It

will catch the wastewater of the

RSTL (Regional Science and

Technology laboratory) and

TIPDC (Technology Innovation

Packaging Development Center)

buildings.

Figure 2: location 1

Figure 3: Location 2

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4.1.4. Scale

The Helophyte filter next to the building will be a triangle. The slope will be 1.4m by 0.3m. That’s why

the inside surface area is different. The measurements of the filter are shown in the tables below.

The left table shows the maximum space that is available on the left of the new DOST building. The

right table shows the available space deducted with the space that the construction and the slope

takes away.

Table 1

Available space at DOST

Measurements

length adjacent side 5.2 m

length opposite side 5.6 m

length oblique side 7.64198927 m

height 1.4 m

Surface 14.56 m²

Volume 20.384 m³ Table 2

The filter system will be designed for a capacity of 5 persons. According to the results from the tables

above and the estimations of water consumption two different scales are established. The results are

shown in the tables below. There were two water consumptions made in the VHFS manual for Davao

City which are used to establish the scale.

Table 3

Table 4

Dimension of filter based on leakage

Normal filter 4 m²/l/p.e. Normal amount l/p.e. 121

l/p.e.

Amount of l/p.e. 106 l/p.e.

Percentage of normal 87.6033 %

New dimension filter 3.50413 m²/p.e.

Amount of staff 5 persons

Size of filter 17.5207 m²

Available space at DOST with constr.

Measurements : 10 cm of all edges

length adjacent side 4.87 m

length opposite side 5.25 m

length oblique side 7.160963622 m

height 1.4 m

Surface 12.78375 m²

Volume 17.89725 m³

Dimension of filter based on research

Normal filter 4 m²/l/p.e. Normal amount l/p.e. 121

l/p.e.

Amount of l/p.e. 74.5428 l/p.e.





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Table 5

The different results from the tables of

the previous page are combined into one

and an average of the two is established.

See table on the right.

But because there is only 10m² space available , although this isn’t enough according to the

calculations it the assumption is made that it will be big enough to manage the capacity since the

measurement are based on Dutch principles and the waste load will not be as much as common

households in the Netherlands. The occupation of the new building will differ from 3 to 5 persons

that will work from 7am to 5pm and the therefore the waste load is less.

4.1.5. Construction

This sub-paragraph shows the dimensions of the

helophyte filter system in 3D pictures. The

pictures below and on the right show the exact

sizes of the walls inside the wall construction.

Dimension of filter based on compensation

Normal filter 4 m²/l/p.e.

Normal amount l/p.e. 121 l/p.e.

Amount of l/p.e. 90.27141 l/p.e.





Figure 5: Basin size Figure 4: Wall size

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The walls will be constructed on a concrete under layer. For this layer steel pipes will be used for a

stronger and more sustainable construction. The picture below shows the construction of the steel to

support the construction of the filter basin. In the table below the right amount of steel is calculated.

Table 6

Amount of steel

Part Q Length (m)

Total (m)

A 2 5.45 10.9

B 2 5.05 10.1

C 2 7.5 15

D 1 0.75 0.75

E 1 0.5 0.5

F 1 0.6 0.6

G 10 0.8 8

H 10 1.4 14

Total (m) 59.85

To make a strong basis for the wall

it’s important to let the concrete

penetrate the ground. In the pictures below is shown how the steel will be put into the ground. The

depth of the grooves will be 30 cm and the liquid concrete will fill half of the grooves. The width of

the groves will be 20cm and 10cm in the corners. The amount of liquid concrete that is needed for

this is 3.63m² X 15cm = 0.55m³.

Figure 6: steel construction

Figure 7: steel construction 2 Figure 8: steel construction 3

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After filling the gloves hollow concrete blocks will be used to build the walls. Every 40cm a steel pipe

will be horizontally placed for extra strength, except the first layer because that one will be 55cm in

between. In the picture bellow the first layers are shown with the horizontal steel pipes. There will

be 3 extra layers of horizontal pipes as shown in the picture below. This will increase the amount of

steel the amount of extra steel is shown in the table below. So the total amount of steel will be

167.85m.

Table 7

Amount of

extra steel

Part Q Lenght (m)

Total (m)

A 6 5.45 32.7

B 6 5.05 30.3

C 6 7.5 45

Total (m) 108

Figure 9: steel construction 4

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4.2. Quotation In this paragraph the final sum of the quotation is shown. The full quotation can be found in the

appendix.

Total price

Hollow block = Php: 3,480,- Steel= Php: 2,478. 10 Sand= Php: 3,550,- Pump= Php: 3,000,- Roof= Php: 3,819.31 Sealing= Php: 1000,- Tools= Php: 2,472.50 Gravel= Php: 2,175,- Pipes = Php: 3,946.75 Pipe fittings= Php: 1,632,- Lime stone= Php: 600,- Plants= Php: -- Iron fillings= Php: 100,- Concrete= Php: 2,430,- Root control fabric= Php: 2,130,- +

Total Price equipment: Php: 36,813.66

Workers costs

Amount= 3

Costs= (2*350 p/d, 1*200 p/d)

Days working= 5

Total price workers= Php: 4,500,-

Total price: Php: 41,313.66

To have a flexible funding the DOST XI advised me to increase the quotation to 50,000 peso.

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4.3. Funding by HELP Davao network The project is funded by the HELP Davao Network which gave 50,000 peso for the construction of the

filter system. To apply for the budget a proposal was made. An exact copy of the preposal is shown in

this paragraph.

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5. Preparation phase Before a project starts preparations have to be made This chapter tells all the preparations that

have been made before the starting the constructing the VHFS. After approval for a funding of

50,000 peso by the HELP Davao Network workers had to be hired, a working schedule had to be

made, supplies were purchased and designs were used to build the VHFS.

5.1. Workers

For the constructing four carpenters were hired to work on the VHFS. These workers were all hired

by S. Ligtvoet and paid a equal amount of 350 peso for a 8 hour working day. The carpenters were:

Jouboy Munion Deca Homes, Cabantian 09 46 989 6 106 Lorddycan D. Carin Bajada, Agno Riverstreet 8 09 09 341 7 751 Joel Notarte Barangay 31-D Roxas 09 10 726 9 234 Arman Arevalo Barangay 31-D Roxas Contact Joel Notarte

Be aware that these are Pilipino cellphone numbers, dial +63 before dialing the number. The

contracts of the workers can be found in Appendix C ‘Contracts’

5.2. Supplies

All the supplies that are purchased during the project are registered and can be viewed in

Appendix A ‘Payroll’. Because of a delay in de funding the supplies couldn’t have been purchased

at ones as planned. For instance: instead of buying the full amount of sand at ones, the sand was

delivered in 3 phases.

Some of the supplies weren’t available In Davao Ciy. The weed control fabric, used to divide the

sand from the gravel, was purchased online from Pasig City. Also the drainage pipes weren’t

available. For drainage pipes 90mm PVC pipes that are manually treated and converted into

drainage pipes were used,

Because of the delay in the project the expenses were rising to a maximum of 50,000 peso. To

accomplish the project, with the available budget, new suppliers were used to minimize the

expenses. TLCO hardware shop became the new supplier for cement, PVC pipes and fittings.

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5.3. Working schedule The exact copy of working schedule, made to construct the VHFS is shown in this paragraph. The

schedule was presented to the workers and used in the funding proposal for the HELP Davao Network.

Working schedule

Preparation Phase

- Prepare transport for collecting the supplies (1 day)

- Buy/ order equipment from the suppliers mentioned in the Quotation Report (2-3 days) - Contact the workers for their availability (1 day)

- Inform the workers on the work that is expected from them (1 day)

- Hiring the concrete mixer for the first working day (1 day)

Construction

Figure A

Figure 10: cross section

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Day 1 (Preparing the ground)

- Making a flat working area (morning) - Dig out & preparing the groves for the concrete - figure 1 (morning)

- Preparing/ constructing the steel – figure 2 (morning) - Filling the groves half way with concrete (afternoon)

- Placing the steel (afternoon)

- Filling up the groves with the 2nd layer of concrete – figure 3 (afternoon)

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Day 2 (Building the walls)

- Building the walls – figure 4 (whole day)

- Shaping the walls – figure 5 (afternoon)

F Figure 4

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Figure 5

Day 3 (placing the sealing, 1st layer, drainage pipes and weed control fabric)

- Placing the sealing (morning) - Filling the walls with sand (morning)

- 5-10cm Layer of thick gravel – figure A (morning)

- Placing the drainage pipes + maintenance pipes – figure 6 (afternoon) - Placing the resisting amount of thick gravel (afternoon)

- Placing the weed control fabric – figure A (afternoon)

Figure 6

Day 4 (Placing the different sand layers + pump system)

- Filling up the Helophyte filter system with different sand layers (morning)

- By first mixing them with the ads before placing it

Important: The layers must not get mixed!

- Figure A

- Preparing the irrigation pipes – figure 7 (whole day)

- Placing the irrigation pipes – figure 7 (afternoon)

Figure 7

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Day 5 (Planting the plants & connecting the pumping system)

- Planting the plants – table 1/ figure 8 (whole day)

- Connecting the supply pipes and pump system – figure 8 (whole day) - Adding the final gravel layer – figure A (afternoon)

Table 1

Figure 8

Day 6 (Extra day)

- If things are not finished yet they can be done in the extra day Note: This will increase the quotation!

Plants Surface filter: 12,78375 m²

Amount/m² Amount Price

Cuttings 6 to 10 102.27

Seedlings 4 to 6 63.91875

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5.4. Designs The official design of the VHFS is made with Google Sketchup. In the VHFS manual for Davao City the

design was already made. In this paragraph the exact design out of the manual are shown. To build

an effective and sustainable helophyte filter system the construction of the pipes are of most

important. They must be constructed according to the requirements of chapter IV.

Supply pipes The supply pipes have to be twice the size of the irrigation pipes. In figure 2 the supply pipes (yellow)

are shown. It runs from the septic tank to the pump (Orange) and from the pump to the irrigation

pipes. The pump sucks the water from the clear water well inside the septic tank (North side). The

blue print of this septic tank can be found in the appendix (paragraph 3). This septic tank has 3

chambers in which the grey and black water are combined.

In this case the septic tank is a combined tank where the grey and black wastewaters are both

discharged into. This will created the opportunity to leave the settling tank out of the design because

this unit is already integrated in the septic tank.

Irrigation pipes The irrigation pipes must be

constructed according to the

requirements of chapter 6. In

the figure on the right the

construction of the irrigation

pipes is illustrated (Bleu). The

pipes have a distance from

1m from each other and

50cm from the wall.

Figure 11: irrigation

Figure 12: Irrigation 2

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Drainage pipes & discharge pipes To have an efficient drainage system three drainage pipes (Figure 24, Red) will be laid in the gravel

layer of the basin. The pipes will be placed on a small slope (5cm difference from beginning to end).

Than the pipes will be connected to another drainage pipe (Also red), that also is laid with the same

small slope with the lowest point at the discharge pipe (Figure 25, Purple). The discharge pipe will

discharge the treated wastewater to a freshwater well (black) where inspections can be made. From

the freshwater well the water will drain to the drainage well nearby the filter system.

The effluent of the filter system shall be analyzed and with good results the effluent can be re-used

for purposes as irrigating plants or flushing the toilet. The designs of this will be made when a

sufficient effluent is recorded for at least six months. Based on the water consumption, that is

calculated in phargraph 2 of this chapter, the volume of the effluent will be

((90.2l*5pers*5days)/1000=) 2.255m³ a week. This will save around 9.5m³ of water a month.

For qualifying the effluent the following reports can be used; Water Quality Guidelines and General

Effluent Standards of 2008, Revising DAO 34 and 35, Series of 1990 by the DENR; Philippine

Regulations on Sanitation and Wastewater Systems (INTERNATIONAL EDITION) by Bonifacio B.

Magtibay; and Global Effluent Guidelines by Levi Strauss & Co .

Maintenance pipes To make maintenance on the discharge pipes

possible it’s important to build maintenance pipes

(Figure 26, Brown) that are connected with the

drainage pipes. The drainage pipes can be jammed

so by flushing the pipes out via the maintenance

pipes with water this problem can be prevented.

The maintenance pipes have to be closed after

cleaning with a cap so dirt can’t enter the drainage

pipes. In the figure on the right is illustrated how

these pipes will be constructed.

Figure 14: drainage Figure 13: fresh water well

Figure 15: maintenance pipes

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Expansion pipe

To ensure that the helophyte filter basin doesn’t overflow a few interventions have been made to

the design. The height of basin will be increased with 10 cm to increase the capacity of the filter bed

and an expansion pipe (Dark red) will be constructed on the edge of the extra 10cm. If the filter basin

is overflowing the water will be drained back to the septic tank so that no wastewater will spill over

the basin. The figure bellows shows the extra 10 cm and the expansion pipe. The pipe will be

constructed 4cm lower than the supply pipe (Yellow) so a back flush is not possible. Without this

intervention the pump system would be vulnerable for overflow.

Figure 16: expansion pipe

Reset pipe In case the effluent of the filter system isn’t sufficient the water in the fresh water well will drain

back to the septic tank (clear water chamber). This will be done by adding a reset pipe (Orange). This

pipe can be shut with a valve so, when the effluent is good, the water will drain out of the other side

of the fresh water well. The water will than drain to a nearby drainage well.

Figure 17: back flush pipe

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Full design The figures below show the full design of the helophyte filter system pipe lines and the different compartments of sand.

Figure 19: Full design

Figure 18: full design 2

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For the 1mm PP sealing an individual design was made which is shown below.

Figure 20: Sealing

~ 32 ~

6. Implementation The implementation of the filter system started 7 January 2013 when the budget wasn’t available jet.

To make the implementation possible on time 10,000 peso was given as cash advantage to start the

project. Later in the project more of this cash came available until the 15 of January when the real

funding money was available. At that time 37,000 peso was already given. These budgets were given

in stages and therefore it wasn’t possible to purchase all the equipment at ones. This caused a lot of

delay in the construction, because some days there wasn’t any money available. The quotation

became bigger because the transport of the equipment became more expensive. The working

schedule became a guideline and workers didn’t show up because it was unsure if they had work on a

particular day.

Day 1 ‘Preparing the construction site’

Date: 01/03/2013 Workers: 2 Supplies: Gloves, Shovel, buckets, masonry tools, tire wire, cutter Remarks: On the first day the goal was to dig out the groves for the concrete, make the steal construction and filling the groves with concrete. The first problem in the project came already in the first activity ‘making the groves’. The soil consists out of sticky (wet) clay and pieces of concrete. Therefore it was nearly impossible to dig in the ground. Due to this unfortunate soil composition the preparation of the wholes was finished on the first day. This was causing a half day delay. Also one of the workers didn’t show up. Therefore an insufficient amount of manpower was available on this day. The picture below shows the construction site after 1 day work.

Figure 21: picture 1

~ 33 ~

Day 2 ‘Concrete base’

Date: 01/04/2013 Workers: 3 Supplies: Sand, Gravel, Hollow block, Cement, Nails, Steel Grinder Remarks: On the second day the goal was to make the walls. But because of the delay on day one the goal was re-established to only make the wall half way. The first problem of the day occurred when the supplier of the sand didn’t show up. When they were contacted via the phone they informed that there was no more sand available (while the order was given a day before). After two hours another supplier brought the sand (picture below). Because of the limited amount of budget I could only purchase half of the needed amount of sand. The hollow blocks and steel was delivered two hours after negotiated time (see pictures below)

Figure 23: Picture 2 Figure 22: picture 3

Figure 24: Picture 4

~ 34 ~

After all the delays caused by

the suppliers the actual

construction of the basin

began. The picture on the

right shows the steel

construction. Underneath

sand with gravel was added

as an under layer. This would

ensure the construction to

sink less in the clay.

At the end of the day the day

the concrete base was poured

into the groves, the first layer

of hollow blocks were laid and

the steel construction was

finished. The picture on the

right shows the first hollow

blocks that are laid.

Because of all the delays with

the suppliers the project was

delayed with one day after the

second day already.



~ 35 ~

Day 3 ‘Constructing the walls’

Date: 01/05/2013 Workers: 3 Supplies: none Remarks: On the third day the goal was to apply the 1mm PP sealing, put in the first gravel layer, install the drainage pipes and apply the weed control fabric. But because of the delay on day one and two the goal was re-established to further construct the walls. The first problem of the day occurred when one of the workers didn’t show up and didn’t call himself absent. Another worker was needed so Mr. Notarte (carpenter) was instructed to get another worker who began working at 11 am. This caused almost one working day for one constructor. On this day the walls were halfway constructed. The picture on the right shows the masons working on the walls.


Date: 01/07/2013 Workers: 2.5 Supplies: cement Remarks: On the fourth day the goal was to fill up the basin with different layers of sand and apply the

irrigation pipes. Because of the earlier delays in the past days the goal was re-established to further

construct the walls.The problem of the day was that 1 carpenter didn’t show up again. Therefore

another carpenter was hired and worked a half day.


Date: 01/08/2013 Workers: 1 Supplies: cement Remarks: On the fifth day the goal was to finish the project. Because of the earlier delays in the past days the

goal was re-established to further construct the walls.

On this day there was no budget so only one carpenter was working.


~ 36 ~


Date: 01/09/2013 Workers: 2 Supplies: cement Remarks: On this day the project was half way finished and one day delayed.

On this day there was no budget so 2 carpenters were working. The next day more money was

promised to be available so more carpenters could work.

This day the walls were constructed and the sealing was ordered from Jacinto canvas store. The

picture below shows the construction of the walls fully finished.


~ 37 ~

Day 7 ‘Filling up the basin’

Date: 01/11/2013 Workers: 2 Supplies: PVC pipes & fittings, Sealing,

plumbing materials Remarks: The goal of the day was to apply the first gravel

layer and install the drainage pipes was

accomplished.

The problems of the day were; one carpenter who

didn’t show up and the budget wasn’t available jet.

The payments were done with another cash

advantage.

The picture on the right shows the installed drainage

pipes, the installed sealing and the gravel. The

picture below shows how the pipes were treated to

let them function as drainage pipes. This was done

by carving drainage lines into the PVC pipes. The

picture below on the right shows the drainage pipes

covered with gravel.


Figure 31: picture 10 Figure 30: picture 11

~ 38 ~


Date: 01/12/2013 Workers: 2 Supplies: PVC pipes & fittings, Sealing, plumbing

materials Remarks: On this day the project was half way finished and two

days delayed.

The problem of the day was that there wasn’t any

budget and the limestone for the filter system couldn’t

be delivered. This is why two carpenters where hired to

construct a well.

The constructing of the well is shown in the picture on

the right. Also the feed control fabric was applied,

picture below.



~ 39 ~


Date: 01/14/2013 Workers: 4 Supplies: limestone Remarks: On this day limestone had to be purchased from a supplier. The limestone had to be manually dogged from a mountain and transported to the DOST. This activity took a half day. The rest of the day 30cm of the 90cm soil was filled into the filter system. The picture on the right shows the limestone that was manually purchased from the supplier.

The picture on the right shows the

VHFS that is filled with the first

two layers of soil.



~ 40 ~


Date: 01/15/2013 Workers: 3 Supplies: sand Remarks: On this day the filter system was filled up further. There were 3 stages:

- 60cm limestone with sand

- 20cm limestone with sand and hay

- 20cm sand with iron fillings

Day 11 ‘Installing the system

Date: 01/16/2013 Workers: 3 Supplies: plants, PVC pipes & fittings Remarks: On this day the plants were purchased and

planted in the basin. After planting the reed

the last layer of gavel was poured into the

basin and the construction of the irrigation

pipes was measured and cut.

The problem of the day was that one

carpenter didn’t show up again.

The picture on the right shows the filter

system with the plants that were just

planted.


~ 41 ~

Day 12 ‘Installing the irrigation and outlet pipes’

Date: 01/17/2013 Workers: 1 Supplies: PVC pipes & fittings, pump Remarks: On this day the project was almost finished and the

fully amount of 50,000 peso was almost spended

completely because of the big delay. Therefore only

one carpenter was assigned to help with the final

stage of the project.

At the end of the day all the pipes were installed

but the pump wasn’t connected jet. The picture on

the right shows the back flush pipes and the pump

box.

The picture below shows the irrigation pipes that

were installed.



~ 42 ~

Day 12 ‘Installing the irrigation and outlet pipes’

Date: 01/18/2013 Workers: 1 Supplies: PVC pipes & fittings, Remarks: On this day the project the pump system had to

be installed. The Picture on the right shows the

pump that was installed.

The problem of the day was that the first pump

unit didn’t work and a check valve had to be

installed. Therefore the project was delayed

again.

At 5 pm the pump system was working and the

VHFS functioned for the first time. The pump ran

for 10 minutes and after 30 minutes clear effluent

was draining to the fresh water well. See picture

on the right.

Because of all the delays during the project there

wasn’t time left to construct the roof for the filter

system. This will be done without personal

authorization. The picture below shows the first

Vertical Helophyte Filter System of Davao City that

was built in 12 days.


Figure 40: pictre 20


~ 43 ~

7. Finances

The funding for the project came from the HELP Davao Network who gave 50,000 peso for the

implementation of the Vertical Helophyte Filter System. The proposal for the funding was made

December 2012 and available January 15th 2013. Because of the time limit for the project, January

20th 2013, the project started earlier.

Budget The start of the project, on January the third 2013, was funded with a cash advantage of 2 X 5,000

peso.

Before the 9th of January 2013 7,000 peso was given already as cash advantage.

On the 9th of January 2013 20,000 peso was given as cash advantage.

On the 14th of January 2013 another 5,000 was given as cash advantage.

On the 15th of January the budget was available. The budget was still 8,000 peso of the 50,000 peso.

Due to the late availability of the funding these cash advantages where given by:

- DOST XI 17,000 peso

- Dr. Sales 5,000 peso

- Ms. Maspiñas 20,000 peso +

42,000 peso

Because the budget wasn’t available on time the project had days when supplies and workers

couldn’t be paid. This caused 4 days delay in the project based on the absence of supplies or workers.

The transport costs were also increasing because of the late funding.

Workers payroll The carpenters that worked on the VHFS construction project where all given 350 peso for an 8 hour

working day. All of the workers needed to sign a working contract provided by the DOST XI office.

The payments were given every working day after signing the payroll.

Payments In the appendix the full Microsoft Excel sheet of all payments is shown. All payments of the project

are registered for approval of the HELP Davao Network. The registration is only done with official

receipts of the suppliers, transporters and shops.

~ 44 ~

8. Conclusion

The construction of the Vertical Helophyte Filter System (VHFS) for the new laboratory building was

started on the third of January 2013. On the 18th of January the filter system became operational.

The VHFS is a pilot project, of the HELP Davao Network, to treat the wastewater of households,

offices and small companies.

The effectiveness of the VHFS is clear a 1-3 months after the first day of operation. After this period

the VHFS must drain clear effluent. The success of the project lies within the effectiveness of the

filtration capacity and the further implementation of more VHFS’s in Davao City. When this

understanding of wastewater treatment is integrated in Davao City the project can be seen as step

towards a community based sewage system where all the wastewater of Davao City is treated on an

environmental responsible way.

The individuality, small scale and relatively low costs & maintenance of the VHFS make this filter the

most applicable wastewater treatment facility for Davao City. Although the project was delayed by

different obstacles, the project is capable to be finished in a time period of 8 days or less instead of

12 days. The budget was fully spent and the filter system was operational on time.

~ 45 ~

Appendix

~ 46 ~

Appendix A ’Payroll’

As of

January

11, 2012

Expense

Code Date Payee Description Civil works

Supplies and

Materials

Re-

presentation

Travel

Transporation Total

192121 2-jan Davao Citihardware equipment 802,00 802,00

22190 2-jan Maligaya Taxi taxi 208,00 208,00

10601 2-jan Midvalley taxi 323,50 323,50

89301 2-jan Roso Hardware cement 1440,00 1440,00

216371 3-jan-13 Davao Citihardware equipment 575,00 575,00

3-jan-13 gravel 1125,00 1125,00

942 3-jan-13 El-Zed Concrete Products steel 2520,00 2520,00

5519 3-jan-13 Edong's Lechon Manok meals 251,00 251,00

216596 4-jan-13 Davao Citihardware nails 34,75 34,75

188576 4-jan-13 Davao Citihardware tie wire 110,00 110,00

29146 4-jan-13 Penong's meals 420,00 420,00

27496 4-jan-13 Midvalley taxi 47,00 47,00

21711 4-jan-13 Maligaya Taxi taxi 57,50 57,50

54843 4-jan-13 JR Concrete Products hollow blocks 3200,00 3200,00

54843 5-jan-13 JR Concrete Products gravel 2100,00 2100,00

89333 5-jan-13 Roso Hardware cement 720,00 720,00


4983 5-jan-13 Siycha Transport taxi 99,50 99,50

7-jan-13 MKNETTE Trading weed fabric 380,00 245,00 625,00


966 7-jan-13 El-Zed Concrete Products cement 920,00 920,00

~ 47 ~

21786 9-jan-13 Siycha Transport taxi 47,00 47,00

111037 9-jan-13 Davao TLCO General Merchandise cement 693,00 693,00

1239 9-jan-13 Penong's meals 205,00 205,00

166396 8-jan-13 Jolibee meals 158,00 158,00


189399 11-jan-13 Davao Citihardware supplies 276,15 276,15

4170 10-jan-13 Jacinto Canvass Supply supplies 4000,00 4000,00

119451 10-jan-13 Davao TLCO General Merchandise supplies 462,00 462,00



9143 12-jan-13 Davao PSG Foods Corp. meals 315,00 315,00

RER 14-jan-13 Eric Goc-ong materials 400,00 400,00

RER 14-jan-13 Eric Goc-ong materials 200,00 200,00

4-jan-13 Bebelin Diaz hollow blocks 0,00

5-jan-13 Bebelin Diaz gravel 2100,00 2100,00

14-jan JR Concrete Products rental 900,00 900,00

5629 14-jan Edong's Lechon Manok meals 417,00 417,00

15-jan Bebelin Diaz sand 2300,00 2300,00

8-jan Bebelin Diaz sand 2300,00 2300,00

5629 14-jan edong's meals 417,00

5635 15-jan edong's meals 320,00

34 15-jan Antonieto Diaz Sand & Gravel sand/gravel

35 16-jan Antonieto Diaz Sand & Gravel sand/gravel 1200,00

193745 16-jan davao citihardware supplies 660,95

166868 16-jan Superstandard Plumbing Supply Inc. pvc elbow 302,00

119678 16-jan Davao TLCO General Merchandise pipes 400,00

~ 48 ~

218853 16-jan davao citihardware pipes 327,50

218952 17-jan davao citihardware outlet 79,75

80287 17-jan Superstandard Plumbing Supply Inc. pvc adapter 16,00

106065 17-jan Nyco Sales Corp pvc adapter 20,00

219056 17-jan davao citihardware pipes 118,85

190214 17-jan davao citihardware seal 58,50

219190 18-jan davao citihardware steel brace 111,75

89431 18-jan roso hardware foot valve 163,00

Total 10325,00 39566,70 2878,00

TOTAL 49891,70

pending:

625

mknette

1500

harbin

900

jr trucking

~ 49 ~

Appendix B

Quotation of the

vertical helophyte

filter system DOST XI

Sean Ligtvoet

11/26/2012

~ 50 ~

Quotation - Helophyte filter system 11/26/2012

Sean Ligtvoet

DOST XI

Equipment prices

Hollow blocks J.R. Concrete Products (221-9794)

Hollow block = 4’’ 8’’ 16’’ = 10.16cm * 20.32cm * 40.64cm

Surface = 825,8048cm² = (/10.000) 0,08256m²

Surface filter system = 11, 85 + 8, 06+8, 68= 28,59m²

Surface area + fresh water well= 32,59

Blocks needed = (32,59/0,08256) 395

+10% material losses= 435

Price per block= 8,-

Total price = (8* 435) = Php: 3,480,-

Steel

J.R. Concrete Products (221-9794)

Steel= 8mm X 20 feet/ 90,-

Price= 90,-/6,096m= 14, 76378/m

Amount= 167,85m

Total price (14, 76378*167, 85) = Php: 2,478. 10

~ 51 ~

Sand J.R. Concrete Products (221-9794)

Amount= 7,91m³

Price= Php: 500,-/ m³

Total Price= (500 * 9, 91) Php: 3,550,-

Pump Local shops

M. Aqua

Total price: Php: 3,000,-

Roof

City Hardware (J.P. Laurel Ave.)

Wood= (2*2,20m +1*2) 6,40m

Price = (520/2,4m) 217,- /m

Wood price= (3 * 520) Pph: 1.560,-

Wave plate= 16m²

Price= (210,-/ 2*8ft) 141,21,-/m²

Roof price= (16* 141,21) Php: 2.259,31 +

Total price: (1.560+2.259,31) Php: 3,819.31

~ 52 ~

Sealing Suison Canvas (247-B Juan Dela Cruz Street, tell: 224-1742/ 286-3261)

Amount= 40m²

Price= 25,-/m²

Total price: (25 * 40) Php: 1000,-

Tools City Hardware (J.P. Laurel Ave.)

Masonry tools: 395,-

Watertight glue: 438,-

Duck-tape: 62,-

Plastic saw: 60,-

Concrete saw: 58,75

Screws with plugs : (34,75/ 8* 5) 173,75

Concrete mixer (0063-922-5233-6440): 1,200,-

Measuring lint: 85,- +


http://davaocity.olx.com.ph/tools-and-equipment-rental-iid-321116351

Gravel

J.R. Concrete Products (221-9794)

Amount fine gravel: 1.5m³

Price fine gravel: 750,-

http://davaocity.olx.com.ph/tools-and-equipment-rental-iid-321116351

~ 53 ~

Amount thick gravel: 1.5 m³

Price thick gravel: 700,-

Total price: (1.5*700+1.5*750) Php: 2,175,-

Pipes City Hardware (J.P. Laurel Ave.)

PVC 32mm:

Price: 98,75

Amount: 5

Total price: (98,75*4) Php: 493.75

PVC 63mm:

Price: 255,-

Amount: 3

Total price: (3*255) Php: 765,-

PVC 90mm:

Price: 384,-

Amount: 7

Total price: (7*384) Php: 2688,-

Total price: (1.5*700+1.5*750) Php: 3,946.75

~ 54 ~

Pipe fittings

Super standard plumbing (Juan Dela Cruz Street, tell: 222-5437)

amount Diameter (mm) Angle (°) type price Total

price

2 63 45 Equal elbow 370 740

1 63X63X63 - TEE Crossing 370 370

4 65X65X32 - TEE Reducer 480 1920

1 63>32 - Straight Reducer

235 235

3 63 90 Equal elbow 320 960

3 90 45 Equal elbow 52 156

4 90 - TEE Crossing 94 376

3 90 - Cap 100 300

5 63 - Cap 35 175

1 63 - valve 200 200

1 90 - valve 200 200


Lime stone

Max (0063-923- 428-8940)

Amount needed: 3m³

Price per/ m3: 200,-

Total price= Php: 600,-

Plants

No costs

~ 55 ~

Iron fillings

Don Traje DOST XI ([email protected])

Amount: 34 kg

Total Price: Php: 100,-

Liquid concrete

J.R. Concrete Products (Tell: 221-9794)

Starlight at Magsaysay

Cement for walls

Surface of the wall= 32,59m²

Ratio cement kg/liter= 25kg /12 liter

Liters cement needed= (33*25) 284 liter

Kg cement needed = ((825/12)*25=) 71kg

Price/ kg= 220,-/40kg

M³ sand= 0.15

Price 1m³ sand= 500,-

http://www.eclecticsite.be/bouw/muur.htm

Total price= 75,-

Bags cement needed= 2

Total price: (2*220+75 =) 515,-

http://www.eclecticsite.be/bouw/muur.htm

~ 56 ~

Cement for concrete basis

Ratio cement kg/liter= 25kg /12 liter

Ratio concrete= 1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel

http://www.metselen.net/beton%20maken.html

Mass density ring cement= 2500 kg/m³

Mass density ring sand= 1500 kg/m³

Mass density ring gravel= 1500 kg/m³

http://www.gwwmaterialen.nl/soortelijk-gewicht-materialen/

Amount concrete needed= 0.70m³

Amount needed for 1m3 concrete: 325 kg cement

750 kg sand

1200 kg gravel

Bags of cement needed: (325/40) 8

Bags really needed: 6

Price of 1 bag (40kg): 220,-

Total cement price: 1320,-

M3 sand needed: 0.5m³

M3 really needed: 0.35

Price 1 m3 sand: 500,-

Total sand price: 175,-

M3 gravel needed: 0,8m³

http://www.metselen.net/beton%20maken.html

http://www.gwwmaterialen.nl/soortelijk-gewicht-materialen/

~ 57 ~

M3 really needed: 0.56m³

Price 1m3 gravel: 750,-

Total gravel price: 420,-

Total Price: (3960+880+125+300=) Php: 2,430,-

Root control fabric

Earthonomic ([email protected])

Amount needed: 1

Price per unit: 380,-

Shipping costs: 1750,-

http://www.sulit.com.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/5903122/Weed+Control+Fabric


http://www.sulit.com.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/5903122/Weed+Control+Fabric

~ 58 ~

Total price

Hollow block = Php: 3,480,- Steel= Php: 2,478. 10 Sand= Php: 3,550,- Pump= Php: 3,000,- Roof= Php: 3,819.31 Sealing= Php: 1000,- Tools= Php: 2,472.50 Gravel= Php: 2,175,- Pipes = Php: 3,946.75 Pipe fittings= Php: 1,632,- Lime stone= Php: 600,- Plants= Php: -- Iron fillings= Php: 100,- Concrete= Php: 2,430,- Root control fabric= Php: 2,130,- +

Total Price equipment: Php: 36,813.66

Workers costs

Amount= 3

Costs= (2*350 p/d, 1*200 p/d)

Days working= 5

Total price workers= Php: 4,500,-


~ 59 ~

Appendix C ‘Contracts’

JOEBOY MUNION

~ 60 ~

JOEL NOTARTE

~ 61 ~

LORDDYCAN D. CARIN

~ 62 ~

ARMAN AREVALO

~ 63 ~

~ 64 ~

implementation report

Documents