implementing noise compatible land use federal highway administration lesson 1 roadway noise and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use
Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 1Lesson 1Roadway Noise and FHWA
Guidelines
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Roadway Travel
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What is Noise?
• Loud Sound
• Annoying, Unwanted Sound
Source: Urbanplanet.org
Source: Wikipedia.com
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Negative Effects of Sound
• Lowers the quality of life
• Can impact outside conversation
• May deter some development
• Some studies show harmful health
• effects
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Common Noise Levels
• Jet aircraft Uncomfortably 120 dBA take off loud• Lawnmower Moderately 70 dBA Vacuum loud • Library Very quiet 30 dBA
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Who’s Responsible?
• Federal Highway Administration Sets National Guidelines
• States Implement Federal and State Guidelines
• Local Governments Enact Land Use Policies
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Noise Assessments
• Required as part of NEPA Process
• Determine whether there are sensitive receivers– Computer modeling– Review of land use plans– Aerial photography
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Federal Guidelines for Noise Abatement
• 23 CFR Part 772: Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise– “…establish requirements for
information to be given to local officials
for use in the planning and design of highways….”
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Section 772.5: Definitions
• Type I (Eligible for FHWA Funding)
– Projects on new location– Physical alteration of horizontal and/or vertical
alignment– Increase in the number of through travel lanes
• Type II (FHWA Will Not Fund; States May)
– A proposed Federal or Federal-aid highway project for noise abatement on an existing highway.
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Section 772.13(b)Federal Participation
• Federal funding for Type II projects approved:– For projects approved before 11/28/95– Along lands where development predated
any highway– For areas not previously rejected for a
barrier in a Type I project
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FHWA Approach to Roadway Noise
• 3-Part Approach to Traffic Noise Control
– Source Control
– Reduction Measures in Highway
Construction
– Noise Compatible Land Use Planning
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Source Control: Noise Sources for Heavy Trucks
Tire Noise
Gears
Engine
Fan
Air Intake
Exhaust
Brakes
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Measuring Sound
• Decibels– Are a logarithmic scale– Are based on values of 10
• Sound measurement is weighted to what the human ear can hear (A-weighted)
• Descriptor will be the hourly equivalent sound level (LAeq1h)
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The TNM Model
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Noise Criteria
• Exterior (residences, schools, parks, and churches)
• Exterior (commercial)
• Interior
Leq 65 dBA
Leq 70 dBA
Leq 50 dBA is used
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N C PMitigation Strategies
• Commercial, Retail, Office Uses• Open Space• Thoughtful Orientation of Residential Uses and Materials
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Residential
Commercial
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Noise Reducing Construction Design
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Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use
Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 2Lesson 2
♦♦
Overview Noise Compatible Land Use Planning
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Lesson 2: Overview Noise Compatible Planning
■ What Constitutes NCP?
■ Benefits of NCP
■ Potential Hindrances to Implementing NCP
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What Constitutes NCP?
NCP addresses potential highway noise before problems occur
Appropriate development that can accommodate roadway noise is encouraged next to highways
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Why Talk About Noise Compatible Land Use Planning?
Opportunity Costs
(more roadway and construction $) May Block Light and “Close-
in” Neighborhoods
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PURPOSE
Eliminate or Reduce Highway Traffic Noise
• Less Noise Sensitive Land Uses(Commercial, Office, Retail, Industrial)
• Promote Use of Open Space(Walking & Bike Paths, Recreational Uses)
• Reorient Residential w/ Less Sensitive Uses Away from the Roadway
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Commercial, Retail, Office
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Open Space
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Building Orientation or Construction Materials
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Setback
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Benefits of NCP
Undesirable effects of highway traffic noise are eliminated or reduced by encouraging
less noise sensitive land uses
next to highways
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Benefits of NCLUP (cont)
• Proactive planning
• Better quality of life
• Reduces residential complaints
• Future cost savings
• Property value increases
• Promotes public-private shared responsibility
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Hindrances to Implementing NCP
OBSTACLES
COST PROHIBITIVE
INTER-GOVERNMENTAL
CONFLICTS
ZONING&
ORIDNANCESCONFLICTS
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Role of Leaders and Policy Professionals
Encourage:
• Increased use of NCP strategies
• Educational resources
• Less frequent use of noise walls
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Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use
Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 3Lesson 3
Noise Compatible Reduction Techniques – Physical Responses
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Lesson 3 - Objective
• Impact of the physical environment on how sound is heard
• Physical strategies applied as part of NCP
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Key Terms for Noise Measurements
Source – Noise Emitter
Propagation Medium – Path to the Receiver
Receiver – Location Where Noise Is Assessed
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Key Variables Affecting Noise
• Distance
• Topography
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Distance Creates A Buffer
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Elevated or Depressed Roadways Affect Sound Patterns
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Design and Construction Characteristics
• Acoustical Site Planning
• Acoustical Architectural Design
• Acoustical Construction
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Acoustical Site Planning
• Provide a buffer zone between roadway and development• Place single story units adjacent to roadway • Ensure that rear yard faces roadway• Provide landscaping & recreational features, i.e. landscaping, earthen berms, winding jogging trails
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Single Family with Earth Berm
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Acoustical Construction:Double Pane Doors and Windows
“Soundproofing greatlyreduces interior noise
penetration.”
Photos from Van Nuys Airport’s Noise Management Report found at www.lawa.org/vny.htm
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Acoustical Construction:Thicker Sound Resistant Walls – No
Highway Side Windows
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Acoustical Construction:Thicker Sound Resistant Walls at Rear
with Front Windows
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Insulation materials
Acoustic Vinyl Barrier 2lbQUIETBARRIER™
Acoustic Vinyl Barrier 1lb
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Lesson 4
Noise Compatible Reduction Techniques-
Policy and Administrative Strategies
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Lesson 4 - Objective
Familiarize participants with the variety of tools available to local governments in
support of NCP
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Strategies for Municipalities
■ Zoning
(Strongest category of land control)
■ Clustering
■ Plat Notation
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Authorities to Mandate Implementation of Noise Compatible
Principles
Local Governments
♦
Municipal Governments
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Setbacks and Buffer Zones
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Place specific language on legal documents & plats
City of San Antonio’s subdivision plats state:
“For residential development directly adjacent to State right of way, the Developer shall be responsible
for adequate set-back and/or sound
abatement measures for future noise
mitigation.”
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Adopt Land Use Compatible Standards Into City Codes
• Building codes
• Landscaping & screening requirements
• Noise ordinance
• Zoning Ordinance
• Comprehensive Plan/General Plan
• Major Thoroughfare Plan
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Examples of Communities with Land Use Compatible Planning Practices
CITIES• City of San Antonio• City of Huntington
Beach• City of Gilbert Arizona
STATES• Pennsylvania • Montana• Arizona
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Class Conclusion
We Hope You Are Encouraged !
■ Look for opportunities to advise others of options to improve compatibility of roadways and adjacent land uses.
■ Encourage local governments and developers to adopt these strategies.