implementing research plan

1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

Introduction

• When constructing a building what the engineer is doing?

• First is he ordering materials?

or

• Setting critical dates for completion of project stages ?


Cont…………..

First will find out what sort of building is to be constructed?

Then sketch a plan,

Obtain permits

Work out a work schedule or order materials.


IMPLEMENTING RESEARCH PLAN

Research plan design

Planning for data collection

Administration of tool

Collection of data 1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

RESEARCH PLAN DESIGN

• “A research design is the arrangementof conditions for collection and analysisof data in a manner that aims tocombine relevance to the researchpurpose with economy in procedure.


Continue……….

The research design is the conceptual structure within

which research is conducted.

it constitutes the blueprint for the Collection, measurement

and analysis of data.


Answers to questions

What is the study about?

Why is the study being made?

Where will the study be carried out?

What type of data is required?

Where can the required data be found? 1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

Cont………….

What periods of time will the study include?

What will be the sample design?

What techniques of data collection will be used?

How will the data be analyzed?

In what style will the report be prepared?1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

Overall into the following parts:

(a) THE SAMPLING

DESIGN.

(b) The observational

design .

(c) The statistical .

(d) The operational design.


NEED FOR RESEARCH DESIGN

Because it facilitates the smooth sailing of thevarious research operations.

Stands for advance planning of the methods tobe adopted for collecting the relevant data andthe techniques to be used in their analysis.

Helps the researcher to organize his ideas in aform whereby it will be possible for him to lookfor flaws and inadequacies.


FEATURES OF A GOOD DESIGN


IMPORTANT CONCEPTS RELATING TO RESEARCH DESIGN


Cont………….


Type of Research Design

• Descriptive (e.g., case-study, naturalistic observation, Survey)

• Correlational (e.g., case-control study, observational study)

• Semi-experimental (e.g., field experiment, quasi-experiment)

• Experimental (Experiment with random assignment)

• Review (Literature review, Systematic review)

• Meta-analytic (Meta-analysis)1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-study

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalistic_observation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_methodology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-control_study

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_study

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_experiment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-experiment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_review

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-analysis

RESEARCH PLAN

• After identifying and defining theproblem as also accomplishing therelating task, researcher must arrangehis ideas in order and write them inthe form of an experimental plan orwhat can be described as ‘ResearchPlan’


Why this is essential?• Because :

• It helps him to organize his ideas in a form whereby it will be possible for him to look for flaws and inadequacies, if any.

• It provides an inventory of what must be done and which materials have to be collected as a preliminary step.

• It is a document that can be given to others for comment.


Research plan must contain the following

items.


Cont……………..


Meaning /concept

• Data collection planning is a processto ensure that the data you collectfor performance improvement areuseful and reliable, without beingunnecessarily costly and time-consuming to obtain.


Data collection planning has a variety of benefits:

• It helps to ensure that the data gathered contain real information, useful to the improvement effort.

• It prevents errors that commonly occur in the data collection process.

• It saves time and money that otherwise might be spent on repeated or failed attempts to collect useful data.


Types of data: Generated data

Surveys

Checklists

Interviews

Outside observers

Photo evidence

Tape/video recordings1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

Developing a data collection plan

First write down a statement of

your question. Then answer the

following questions:



•What do you need to know?

•What types of data will provide

you with the information that you

need?

•What types of data are already

available to you (existing archival sources and other artifacts)?



• What types of data do you need to generate?

• What instruments will you need to generate and collect data?


A SOUND DATA COLLECTION PLAN: THREE PHASES-FIVE STEPS


Pre-Data Collection Steps

1. Clearly define the goals and objectives of the data collection.

2. Reach understanding and agreement on operational definitions and methodology for the data collection plan.

3. Ensure data collection (and measurement) repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy and stability.


During Collection Steps

4. Follow through with the data

collection process


Post-Data Collection Steps

5. Follow through with

the results


Step 1: Define Goals And Objectives

A good data collection plan should include:

• A brief description of the project

• The specific data that is needed

• The rationale for collecting the data

• What insight the data might provide (to a process being studied) and how it will help the improvement team

• What will be done with the data once it has been collected


Step 2: Define Operational Definitions and Methodology

Formulate the scope of the data collection:

• How many observations are needed.

• What time interval should be part of the study.

• Whether past, present, and future data will be collected.

• The methodologies that will be employed to record all the data.


Step 3: Ensuring Repeatability, Reproducibility, Accuracy and Stability

• The data being collected (and measured) will berepeatable if the same operator is able to reachessentially the same outcome multiple times onone particular item with the same equipment.

• The data will be reproducible if all theoperators who are measuring the same itemswith the same equipment are reachingessentially the same outcomes.


• The degree to which the measurementsystem is accurate will generally be thedifference between an observed averagemeasurement and the associated knownstandard value.

• The degree to which the measurementsystem is stable is generally expressed bythe variation resulting from the sameoperator measuring the same item, withthe same equipment, over an extendedperiod1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

Step 4: The Data Collection Process

• Once the data collection process hasbeen planned and defined, it is best tofollow through with the process fromstart to finish, ensuring that the plan isbeing executed consistently andaccurately.


Step 5: After The Data Collection Process

• Referring back to the question of whether ornot the data collection and measurementsystems are reproducible, repeatable, accurate,and stable.

• Reviewing the operational definitions andmethodology with the participants should helpto clear up any misunderstandings ormisinterpretations that may have caused thebreakdowns.


Guidelines and Recommendations for Data Collection

• Use multiple data sources.

• Collect existing archival data immediately, then move to conventional and inventive sources.

• Collect data regularly.

• Seek technical assistance


Points to keep in mind

• Keep it simple;

• Pay attention to both quantitative

and qualitative data;

• Schedule time to organize data;

• Discuss the data with “critical

friends”; and

• Seek technical assistance.1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

Check of data collection plan

• Is there congruence between your question and the data sources that you identified?

• Are you using multiple data sources to clarify the picture being developed?

• Are you gathering data frequently enough so that it can be used to inform your current practice as well as your future actions?


Check of data collection plan

• Are you collecting data about how

students/faculty/administration/paren

ts feel and perceive their experiences?

• Are you collecting data about how

you feel and perceive your

experiences?


Steps (Polit & Beck)

1. Identifying data needs

2. Selecting types of measures

3. Selecting and developing instruments

4. Pretesting the data collection package

5. Developing data collection forms &procedures

6. Implementing data collection plan


1.Identifying data needs

• Testing the hypothesis or addressing the research questions.

• Describing sample characteristics.

• Controlling extraneous variables.

• Analyzing potential biases

• Understanding subgroup effects

• Interpreting results

• Checking the manipulation

• Obtaining administrative information 1/13/2016 Research .MSc Nursing 1st year

2.Selecting types of measures

• Select data collection methods

Self report

Observations

Physiologic measures


3.Selecting and developing instruments

Identifying potential data collection instruments

Assess the appropriateness

Is it conceptually relevant?

Whether the instrument will yield data of sufficiently high quality?


Other criteria in selecting an instrument

• Resources: Resources constraints sometimes prevent the use of the high –quality measures( eg: Cost of instruments).

• Availability & Familiarity

• Norms & Comparability: Norms –Normal values and distribution of values (standardized test and scales)

• Population appropriateness: Keep the characterstics of the target population


4.Pretesting the data collection package

• Purpose :

• To determine how much time it will take to administer

• Whether participants find any burdensome

• Determine needs for training data collection staff.

• Determine whether sequencing of instruments is sensible.


5.Developing data collection forms &procedures

• Forms for screening potential participants to determine their eligibility.

• Informed consent forms

• Records of attempted contacts with participants

• Forms for recording the actual data.

• Develop data collection protocol: spell out the procedure to be used in the data collection.


6.Implementing data collection plan

Selecting research personnel.(who will collect data?)

Training data collectors


SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE METHOD FOR DATA COLLECTION

• While selecting the methodkeeping in view the followingfactors:


1. Nature, scope and object of enquiry:

• This factor is important in decidingwhether the data already available(secondary data) are to be used or thedata not yet available (primary data) areto be collected.


2. Availability of funds

• Finance, in fact, is a bigconstraint in practice and theresearcher has to act withinthis limitation.


3. Time factor:

• Availability of time has also to betaken into account in deciding aparticular method of datacollection.

• Some methods take relatively moretime, whereas with others the datacan be collected in a comparativelyshorter duration.


BIBLIOGRAPHY1. C R Kothari.Research Methodology.Methods &

Techniques.New age international (p).

2. http://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/sampling-data/building-sound-data-collection-plan/

3. D F Polit, C T Beck.Nursing Research :Principles and Methods .Lippincott Williams &Wilkins .


http://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/sampling-data/building-sound-data-collection-plan/

implementing research plan

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