implicit measures of compassion- daryl cameron

7/28/2019 Implicit Measures of Compassion- Daryl Cameron

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IMPLICIT

MEASURES OFCOMPASSION

DARYL CAMERON

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA


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HOW TO ASSESS COMPASSION?

We could simply ask people how much compassion they

feel for someone else

Emotion self-reports can provide useful experiential

information to complement other assessment techniques

(Barrett et al., 2007)


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HOW TO ASSESS COMPASSION?

But there could be drawbacks

People may want to hide compassionate feelings due to social normsor financial cost

People may say they feel more compassion than they do, a socially

desirable response

People may not know how they feel, or why they feel as they do

(Nisbett & Wilson, 1977)

And once they label their feeling as compassion, this may have

downstream measurement consequences (Kassam & Mendes, 2013)


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IMPLICIT MEASUREMENT

What is implicit measurement? Measures of attitudes, emotions and beliefs that dont directly

ask for an evaluationgets beyond social desirability and

response bias

Can capture immediate affective and conceptual responses that

may be unconscious, automatic, involuntary


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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION

Causal influence Situational cues


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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION PROCEDURE


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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION PROCEDURE

(AMP)

Can measure individual differences in implicit affect toward social stimuli

Implicit in a strong sense: misattributions are happening even whenpeople are warned about prime influence and told to avoid it

Easily administered, reliable, and predicts explicit attitudes and behaviors

(Cameron, Brown-Iannuzzi, & Payne 2012 meta-analysis)

Though traditionally asked to judge pleasant/unpleasantness of pictograph,

has recently been adapted to assess discrete emotions (CCARE AMP demo)


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IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT)

Perhaps the most well-known implicit measure of attitudes and beliefs

Measures the relative strength of association between concepts andattributes, based upon the speed with which you respond to different

combinations of categories:

You should be faster in responding to pairs of concepts and attributes

that are strongly associated than pairs that are not

Can be used to assess stereotypes, attitudes, self-concept, worldview


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The Implicit AssociationTest

Clap RIGHT KNEE for GOOD;

Clap LEFT KNEE for BAD!


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BAD GOOD

Excellent


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BAD GOOD

Horrible


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BAD GOOD

Lovely


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BAD GOOD

Disgusting


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BAD GOOD

Excellent


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BAD GOOD

Lovely


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BAD GOOD

Wonderful


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BAD GOOD

Terrible


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BAD GOOD

Awful


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NOW- Change: You will see stereotypically

White and stereotypically Black names

(White = Phillip, Chip, Henry, Heather,

Debbie, Elizabeth;

Black = Tyrone, Jamal, Deion, Latisha,Sharise, Latoya).

Clap RIGHT KNEE for WHITE;Clap LEFT KNEE for BLACK!


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BLACK WHITE

Phillip


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BLACK WHITE

Jamal


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BLACK WHITE

Tyrone


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BLACK WHITE

Henry


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BLACK WHITE

Elizabeth


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BLACK WHITE

Heather


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BLACK WHITE

Latoya


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BLACK WHITE

Sharise


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BLACK WHITE

Deion


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BLACK WHITE

Debbie


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Now- Combine:

Clap RIGHT KNEE if GOOD or WHITE

Clap LEFT KNEE if BAD or BLACK


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Elizabeth


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Lovely


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Horrible


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Heather


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Heather


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Latoya


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Excellent


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Sharise


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Deion


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BLACK WHITE

BAD GOOD

Disgusting


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Now- Change:

Clap RIGHT KNEE if GOOD or BLACK

Clap LEFT KNEE if BAD or WHITE


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Elizabeth


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Lovely


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Horrible

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Heather

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Latoya

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Excellent

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Sharise

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Deion

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Disgusting

WHITE BLACK


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WHITE BLACK

BAD GOOD

Wonderful


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IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT)

Like the AMP, the IAT predicts explicit attitudes (Hofmann et al., 2005) andbehaviors (Greenwald et al., 2010)

One critique of using IAT to assess discrete emotions is that it captures

concepts and beliefs rather than affect or emotions


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APPROACH-AVOIDANCE TASKS

Captures motivational approach/avoid

orientations toward social stimuli

thought to mediate influence of

automatic affect/attitudes on behavior

Manikin randomly appears above orbelow, instructed to move it toward or

away from picture as fast as you can

If feel compassion, should be faster to

approach and slower to avoid

Impulsive avoidance of AIDS patients

correlates with IAT attitudes (Neumann

et al., 2004); behavioral intentions

correlated with explicit attitudes


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MULTI-METHOD APPROACH

What you choose will depend on the question you want to ask.

If you want peoples full-blown conscious experience, ask them to self-report

compassion. But consider whether there are normative pressures in play, andwhether self-reports will change other outcome measures.

If you want to capture immediate affect or emotion, consider the AMP.

If you want to capture conceptual activation related to compassion (i.e., thoughts

about victims; compassionate self-concept), use the IAT.

If you want to capture behavioral orientations, use either the approach-avoidance

task or measure behavior in the laboratory.

Emotion


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Emotion

experience (self-

reports)

Immediate affect

(AMP)

Conceptualactivation (IAT)

Spontaneous

behavioral

orientations(approach-avoid)

Behavior (altruism,

donation)

Emotion


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Emotion

experience (self-

reports)

Immediate affect

(AMP)

Conceptualactivation (IAT)

Spontaneous

behavioral

orientations(approach-avoid)

Behavior (altruism,

donation)

implicit measures of compassion- daryl cameron

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