Import & ExportImport & Exportof of

High Risk SourcesHigh Risk Sources

Edward T. Baker

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Washington, D.C.

301.415.2344

2004 ECCO Annual Training Seminar

May 2004

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OverviewOverviewInternational Activities - IAEA Code of

Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources

NRC’s Domestic Activities– Current requirements– Orders– Rule Changes

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IAEA Code of ConductIAEA Code of Conduct

Imports & Exports– Recipient country has regulatory structure– Recipient is authorized to receive/possess

sources– Prior notice of shipments of Category 1 & 2

sources– Prior consent for shipments of Category 1

sources

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Current Import & Export Current Import & Export Licensing Requirements Licensing Requirements

Almost all high risk sources are byproduct material

Most byproduct material currently imported/exported under General License

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OrdersOrders Orders issued to irradiators and manufacturers and

distributors

Physical security requirements

Transportation security Prior notification of shipments

Verification recipient authorized to receive/possess

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Part 110 Rule ChangePart 110 Rule Change Specific licenses required for imports/exports of Category 1 and 2 sources

Assessment of recipient country’s regulatory structure required for Category 1 and 2 sources

Verification of recipient’s authorization required for Category 1 and 2 sources

Prior notice of shipments required for Category 1 and 2 sources

Prior consent required for Category 1 shipments

Radioactive Material Category 1 (curies) Category 2 (curies)

 Americium-241: 2,00020Californium-252: 500 5 Curium-244: 1,00010Cobalt-60: 800 8 Cesium-137: 3,00030 Gadolinium-153: 30,000 300 Iridium-192: 2,00020Promethium-147: 1,000,000 10,000Plutonium-238: 2,00020Plutonium-239: 2,00020 Selenium-75: 5,00050 Strontium-90: 30.000 300 Thulium-170: 500,000 5000 Ytterbium-169: 8,00080

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Radioactive Category 1 Category 2 Material (curies) (curies)Americium-241 2,000 20Californium-252500 5 Curium-244 1,000 10Cobalt-60 800 8 Cesium-137 3,000 30 Gadolinium-15330,000 300 Iridium-192 2,000 20Promethium-147 1,000,000 10,000Plutonium-238 2,000 20Plutonium-239 2,000 20 Selenium-75 5,000 50 Strontium-90 30.000 300 Thulium-170 500,000 5000 Ytterbium-169 8,000 80