importance of livestock in india

8/21/2019 Importance of Livestock in India

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Importance of Livestock In India

Livestock is an Important sourece of income for a nation.In fact,pastoral

production is for resilient than crop production,and more remurative too.

The share of livestock production in the aggregate agricultural output in some

of the western European countries in about 60 to 80percent.In

India,however,the gross value of ooutput from livestock sector ie.animal

husbandary and diary development is placed at around 6.5to7percentof

India's GDP at current prices.India is endowed with the largest livestock

population in the world.

The significance of livestock sector in the Indian economy arises also

because of its assitance to tackle the serious problems of unemployment and

underemployment of weaker sections in the country and for providing

subsidary occupation for income generation.It also plays a dominant role indry-land agriculture particularly semi-arid and arid areas of the

country.Animal husbandry and dairy development are being used as a

poverty eradication measure.ie; to provide additional employment and

increase family income of the rural poor.

Livestock provides regular employment

to about 11 million in principal status and 9 miliion in subsidiary status.It is

equally interesting to note that woman constitute 69 percent of the labour

force in livestock sector as against 35 percent in crop farming.

Finally,export earnings from livestock related products Rs.8200 crores in2002-03.

Thus livestock sector plays in an important role in Indias economy and

socio-economic development of the country.

Table{1} shows the livestock position in India according to the different

livestock census(taken once in the 5 years.)

Table (1) Livestock Resources in India(million)

Data source:Annual Repot(2011-2012)

Dept of Animal husbandary,Diaring and Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture.

Milk Production


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India in the largest producer of milk in the world,is set to produce over 133

million tonne milk during 2012-13 several measures have been initiated by the

govt-to increse the productivity of milch animals, which has resulted in

increasing milk production significantly from the level of 102.6 million tonnes

at the end of tenth plan (2006-07)to 127.9 million tonnes at the end of the

eleventh plan (2011-12).The annual growth rate of production of milk in

about 5% in 2011-12 compared to 2010-11.

The poor yield of Indian cows is proverbial it is estimated that the average

yields of cows in India is 220 liters per year, as compared to 3000 to 5000 liters

per year in western countries.As regards meet,about three-fourths of the meet

million tones in produced in India is from goats and sheep.Beef accounted for

only 6%.Thus through cattle accounted for the largest proportion of livestock

in India,there contribution to the national income of India was insignificant.

Five year Plans and Animal HusbantoryThe devalopment programes of animal husbantory under the five year plan

have a three fold objective-to increase the supply of milk and milk products,to

provide draught animals for farm opertions and to rise the output of such

products as wool and hides which have commercial importants.The plan have

proposed to increase production of livestock products by impriving methods

of animal husbandory supported by co-operative marketing structure.

Under the impact of development plans,milk production has rises to 97

million tonnes in 2005-06 and is rising continuosly due to the implimentation

of "Operation Flood Project" the world's largest integrated diary

development progamme started in 1970(milk production was put at 17 million

tonnes in 1950-51 and 54 million tonnes 1990-91).This programme has

organised about 69000 diary co-operative societies involving 9 million

farmers.It links rural milk producers with urban consumers and eleminates

the middleman and their commission per capita availability of milk has

increases from 124 grams per day in 1950-51 to 302 grams per day in 2005-06.

Statement of the problem

The study is relevant,particularly,when the govt.is very keen on thepromotion and development of diary sector.However it is evident that,in

situation continous rising in cost of production of milk,the smallscale milk

producers suffer several problems.The present study is a humble attempt to

have an analysis the problems of smallscale diary farmers.

Objectives


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(1) To understand the problems of smallscale diary farmers.

(2) To analyse contribution of diary enterprise to standard of living.

(3) To examine the socio-economic conditions of diary farmers.

Importance of study

Milk production and trade mainly operate as acottage industry in the rural

areas.A majority of those involved in this activity are women for whom it

provide employment and help to suppliment their family income.Traditionaly

dairying and pasturing activities were done to meet the domestic

requirments.Urbanisation has increased the demanded for milk and thisnecessiated procuring,processing,and distribution of milk in a sensitives

manner.

Now 216000 tonne milk produce in kerala annually.The increase in

population and consumption demand a rise in milk production. so it is

necessary to take steps to increase cattle population in kerala.To acheve self

sufficiency in milk production it is important to understand the problems

faced by diary farmers and take remedial measures.

Methodology

In conducting the study a cross-sectional design in which data was collected

at a single point and time was used.Both primary and secondary data have

been utilised for the study.The population of study constituted smallscale

dairy farmers who had dairy cattle at the point of study in Nettithozhu

village.The respondant were selected at random.Strutured questionnaires

comprised of closed and open ended question,which were answerd by

respondant through interview.The study was conducted in Nettithozhu village

between December 2013 and January 2014.the secondary data is collected from kattappana diary and Nettithozhu milk

society

Area of study

The present study is conducted in Nettithozhu,Anakkara village.


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Limitation of study

The present study is only concentrating the nettithozhu area ofAnakkara village ,Idukki district only 37 dairy farmers are taken as the sample to

find the socio-economic condition and the problem faced by diary farmers .Theavailability of data about the problems of diary farmers is also

limited.Unwillingness of the diary farmers and the ignorance of them also limitedthe study another important constraint is the limited line.

CHAPTER 2

Literature review

Introduction

The government social development agencies ,the diary sectorhighlight the fact that India holds the worlds largest milk producing country .The

diary sector is charecterised by a small holder production system of village -based

production unit often consisting of the one to three milking animals Formalmarkets recieve milk deliveries from millions of small holders coordinated through

an extensive coorporative strcture .Government policies and budgetory allocationspromote a model where diary is one of the constituents of the farmers livelihood

basket and most often compliments crop production.

(1)K Narayan nair in 'milk production in kerala trends and

propectus'attempts to examine the contribution of animal husbandary and

diary devalopment programmes to the increase of milk production in

kerala.Its chief findings are;


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(a)there has been a conciderable increase in the productivity of milch animals

and total milk production in Kerala.

(b)The profitability of milk production has gone up over the year and ,

(c)That milk production in Kerala is mainly undertaken by small and

marginal farmers.

The papper also makes some broad protections of the demand for milk and

milk products by 1990 and concludes that a mere programme of improved

cross-breeding can't possibly meet the projected demand.

The papper briefly touches upon the demand for a ban on the slaughter of

cows in Kerala and argues that there is no economic rationale behind such a

demand any ban on the slaughter of cows in the state would be totaly harmful

to the growth of livestock economy and surely affect adversly several

devalopment project already undertaken.

2.The contribution of small-scale dairy farming to community welfare : A

case study of morogoro municipality by urassa JK and Raphael - A socio-economic survey contected in morogoro muncipality to study the contribution

of small scale dairy farming to the welfare of community.It can be concluded

from the study that small scale dairy farming contribute a great deal to the

household welfare in form food security , shelter income generation and other

social services . It may also concluded from the study that small scale dairy

farming in the study area is mainly carried out as an income supplimentary

activity rather than as a main source of income . It may further concluded

that the dairy enterprise is mostly a male domain in the muncipality . In order

to protect promote and develop the small holder dairy enterprise he suggest;

(1) provision of training in dairy husbandry to the small scale dairy farmers .

(2) Improvement or modernisation of existing vetenary clinics and extra

services .

(3) provision of capital (loan or credit )support to small scale dairy farmers .

3. Harsh vivek in his 'policy environment for development of dairy in India'

attempt to take a look at some of the government policies over the past few

decades and assess the impact of such policies on the growth and development

of dairy sector in the country starting from the ' operation flood ,in the 1970to the delicensing the dairy sector in 1991 .

It emerge from the study that govt. had a bais in favour of small and

cottage units in dairy processing due to the presumed contributions of such

units providing livelihood , to small and marginal farmers in the rural


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country-side . development of the modern dairy industry . Only by operating

at a large scale can a fairm generate surpluses

Accoding to him scale is important in the development of modern

dairy industry.Only by operating at a large scale can a firm generate

surpluses to invest in building a sustainable procurement base for

procurement and processing milk . In the absences of any concerned effort on

part of the govt. to promote the development large scale dairy plants in india ,

the Indian dairy industry became cluttered with innumourous sub-optimal

plants considerably below the potential and expected performance.

The paper finds following weaknesses of dairy sector.

. Lowest produtivity of milch animals in the world .

. Dairy sector dominated largly by informal unorganised players.

.Vertical integration (coordination)still not very robust in case of many dairyfirm/cooperation.

.Most dairy brands are nacent and not very popular among consumer.weak

marketing for procurred dairy product.

.Risk management and insurance facilities are still not very available.

4. An Economic Analysis of production efficiency in Alberta Dairy production

by Scott R.Jffery & Heather R Grant.

The world trade Oraganisation is currently formulating an agenda for a

new round of global trade negotiation.Therefore the livelihood of increased

competition within Canada's supply managed dairy industry is probably.

Concequantly,there is a greater need for producers to be concerned with

efficiency in the international market place.This study assessed the cost

efficiency and competatives of dairy producers by estimating the economic

cost associated with milk production and deriving the physical and ecomomic

efficiency of producers.Result support the presence of economies of size and

economies of yield within the Alberta milk producton.A link between incresed

hard size labour productivity, and lower total cost was identified in the

analysis.

5.' Livestock development in Kerala' by Thara s. nair .The paper attempt at

an overall review of the policies and programmes implimented so far in the

livestock sector of Kerala.It also analysis the constraints in milk

production.The rapid diffusion of cross breeding technology in Kerala can be

attributed to various factors .The most important among them are (a)

increasing demand for milk(b)favorable movement of milk price (c)increasing


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opportunities of marketing milk.The paper concludes that the complete

success story because there are basic limitation which sevenly constrain the

effectiveness of various programmes and policies.The most crusial among

there is the scarcity of most essential input feed. The cattle sector in the state

is dependent exclusively on the supply of paddy straw.Which is the only

source of roughage.coarse grains like millet and sorghum,oilseed and

nitrogen rich pulses are pratically unimportnt in Kerala's agriculture.Because

of the shift in the cropping pattern in favour of plantation and perennialcrops

the area under paddy has been dwindling and concequantly the supply of

paddy straw fall short of demand.Green fodde ,on the other hand is yet to be

incorporated as part of states cropping system.Added to this the heavy

demographic pressure on land which makes it difficult to divert land under

food and cash crops to fodder crops.The concequances of this constraint are

also reflected in the cattle economy of the state viz the flow increase in the

productivity milch animals.The paper suggest that the small and marginalfarmers and agricultural labours for whom livestock provide a supplimentry

sourse income need to be educated in scientific method of rearing ,feeding and

management of animals.

CHAPTER 3

Socio-economic house hold charecteristics

Major household charecteristics of the respondent are shown in the table

1.The age of the respondent ranged between 31-80 years .The study indicated thatmost(54%) of the respondent were above the age 51 years . From the study 67.56

of the respondents were male where as only 5.4% Were female . In Nettithozhu theresults shows that men have more interest in milk production. The education level

of the respondents ranged from primary school education to those with university

education more than 50% of the respondent had attanined primary school

education including same with university education .Table 1.Neverthless the levelof education had no significant effect on the level of milk production of the diary

cattle.The result of the study shows that the diary farm did not constitute the major

source of income most of the respondent depended on other activities (Table 1).Diary cattle ownership ranged between one to more than six diary cattle with about

81.09% having less than 6 diary cattle.


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Nettithozhu ksherolpadaka unit

Nettithozhu ksherolpadaka unit is the best milk society under

Kattappana diary situated at Nirmalacity.The amount of milk collected fromNettithozhu society is higher than other societies milk providing in Kattappana

diary .The milk collected in nettithozhu society is of higher quality .The society isvery successful in collecting high quality milk with the help of the device milk

analyser .There are total 866 members in Nettithozhu society it include 155women members . 150 Members are providing milk throughout the year .

Nettithozhu milk society is very effective in meeting the needs offarmers society is providing various financial assistance to diary farmers from

diary development board ,NABARD and milma. Milma provides Rs 1 lack to

purchase one and two cows respectively. NABARD Provides Rs 2500 as subsidyfor it for the development of green fodder milma and diary development boardprovides Rs 6000 per acre for 5 hector and 50 acre respectively. Tube well

,springler ,grass cutter , rubber mat etc.... have also subsidy. The society have

many collection centres throughout the locality which contribute to more milkcollection.

Nettithozhu society

Period Milk collection No.of Farmers

1-4-09 633140.6 kg 234to

31-3-10

1-4-10 590940 kg 242to

31-3-11

1-4-11 607690 kg 220

to

31-3-12

1-4-12 754766.4 kg 230


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to

31-3-13

1-4-13 90,30,69.4 kg 257

to31-3-14

Bardiagram

Socio-economic charecteristics of small scale Diary Farmers

Partner Frequency Percentage


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Total farmers 37 100

surveyed

Age of respondent

31-40 8 21.6

41-50 9 24.3

51-60 15 40.5

61-70 2 5.4

71-80 3 8.1

Genderwise contribution Frequency percentage

to dairing

Male 25 67.56

Female 2 5.40

Both 10 27.02

Respondent education Frequency Percentage

Illiterate 1 2.7

Primary school 8 21.6

Secondary 20 54.09

Higher secondary 5 13.51


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Above higher secondary 3 8.1

Respondent other source Frequencyof income

Percentage

Bussiness 2 5.4

Agriculture 31 83.78

Others 4 10.81

(carpentary,rural employment

guarantee programme)

Diary cattle ownership Frequency Percentage

1-2 4 10.81

3-4 11 29.72

5-6 15 40.54

6 7 18.91

Milk production and income generated

The average milk production per day per respondent an 6-10 litres.Grossincome from milk sales ranged between 0 to 2175litres per day


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Table : Daily milk production and sales for the surveyed small holder dairy farmers.

Parameter Frequency Percentage

Milk production/cow/day

0 1 2.7

1-5 14 37.8

6-10 22 59.5

Average milk production/cow/day=6.31 Litre

Milk sales Frequency percentage Grossincome

1-5 7 19.4

29-145

6-10 9 25 174-290

11-15 6 16.6 319-360

16-20 6 16.6 464-580

21-25 1 2.7 609-725


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26-30 4 11.1 754-870

31-75 3 8.3 899-2175

Average milk sales/day=19.75

Dairy cattle management by the respondents diary cattle feeding

Result from the study show that most farmers (89.2%)used zero

grazing system to rear their cattle astable.Farmers mostly prefer the zero grazing concepts as it reduced diseases

challenges. It was also observed in the study that all the respondents were

supplimenting their cattle. How ever some of them (16.2%)only offered maize branand minerals to their cattle where as the rest (83.7%)offered cotton seed cake andsun flower cake.

Table 2: Dairy cattle feeding by the respondent

Parameter Frequency percentage

Feeding system 33 89.2

Zero grazing 4 10.8

Partial grazing

Supplimentary feeding

Farmers not purchasing 0 0

Farmers purchasing 37 16.2

Maize bran &minerals only 6 83.7

Cotton seed 31


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Contribution of the diary enterprises to standard of living

The study revealed that small scale diary farming

contributed very much to the welfare of the household involved in it. Income orprofit frome the diary enterprise was mainly used an following activities

,furnishing houses 15.7% hose construction/rehabilitation(20%)investing in otherincome generating activities(22.9%).Education and on other things (such as food

,health service etc....)21.4%.

Reason for prefering diary farming

Fre %

Profitable position & Getting countinuous income 7 9.7

Less investment couples with immediate return 1 1.3

Under any circumstance there is a market for milk 3 4.1

Lack of knoledge on other activities 15 20.8

Peaceful and no tension 14 19.4

Milk used for domestic use 10 13.8

Livestock and crop production is better 22 30.5

Problems of diary farmers

Inadequate availability of quality input


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Availability of quality input is a pre-condition for smooth production

both in industry and agriculture.Diary farming requires high yeilding verities ofcow,green and diary and dry fudder compounded cattle feed veterinary facilities

and so on.

Shortage of high yielding verities of Bovins

The availability of high yielding verities of bovines is very limited

.While cross-bread cows cost between Rs 1000 and Rs per litre in Kerala .Thoughit is comparatively cheaper in Thamilnadu their quality is often not

assured.Consequently some farmers are cheated by brokers of Thamilnadu.

Their are many reasons for the lower availability and higher

demand for high yeilding verities of cow. Firstly as diary farming is wide spread

,newly born high yielding verities of cows are absorbed by the farmers substitutethe old ,weak ,and low yielding verities by the new ones secondly with thedevelopment of diary co-operatives more and more people are coming to the field

of diaring .

This also result in higher demand for high yielding milk animals,Thirdly with the development of commercialised diarying ,farmers are eager to

subtitute their low yielding lows by high yielding lows leading to higher demand

for the latter.Lastly,diary loan given under Integrated Rural DevelopmentProgramme result in incresing demand for high yielding verities of cow and

consequent increase in thier prices.

Shortage of Green and dry Fodder

Though Idukki district is bussed with a generally abundant supply of

green fodder is supply is insufficient diarying summer season diary such periods

farmers have to depend in paddy straw which is purchased mainly from

Tamilnadu.

In Nettithozhu society farmers get financial aid for green fodder

development from Milma and Diary development boared.But farmers having landarea can not use this fund effectively in this area green fodder development is

limited by scarcity of land.

Table


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Defficiency of Quality cattlefeed

The real problem in the case of concentrates and compounded cattle

feed is not their general scarcity but the scarcity of quality feed.As the quality offeed directly affects the yeild of cow,it should superior in quality but majority of


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the feeds are of substandard quality .It is interesting to not that though their are a

large number of compines producing compounded cattle feed in the state ,thenumber of compines producing cattle feed with ISI mark is very low .This means

that the bulk of the cattle feed sold in Kerala is of substandard quality.

Inadequate veterinary Facilities

Availability of cheap and expert veterinary facilities within theeasy reach of farmers is highly essential for the success of diary farming.

Increasing price of input

Rising price of inputs in diary farming is another problemcomforting diary farmers prices of milk animals ,concentrates ,diary fodder andcompounded cattle feed are increasing at a faster rate than the increase in price of

milk .This makes diary farming with purchased feeds less profitable. The prices of

milk animals ,materials of cow shed and veterinary services also have increasedconsiderably.

Insufficient price of milk

The most serious problem faced by diary farmers belonging to bothsociety areas ,the average price recieved by members of diary co-operatives is Rs

per litre while the members of diary co-operatives get Rs ....from direct sales of consumers (217).

Findings

* Diary farming is mainly carried out as an income supplimenting activity .

*Diary farming is high costly hence the profit is low .

*Diary farmers do not get remunerative price for milk.

*Green fodder development is limitted by the availability of land .


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*The farmers have more number of cow have more profit .

*The majority of farmers have taken credit and the repayment of credit is difficult

is the case of diary farmers having lessthan 6 cows.

*The farmers have difficulties in increasing no of cows mainly because of labour

problems.

*Govt help mostly going into the hand of diary farmers who have large number ofcows.

Suggetion

* Farmers should be made familiar with scientific foddr cultivation and fodder

conservation diary co-operatives should come foward to cultivate green fodder andmake it available to farmers at reasonable price .

*For solving the problem of defficiency of quality feed ,government should

encourage MICMA to produce sufficient quantity of quality feed and make it tofarmers through diary cooperatives and other agencies at reasonable prices .

*Cattle feed should be exempted from all kinds of taxes to keep its price as low aspossible .

*cattle feed should be made available in 10 kg bags because majority of the smallfarmers find it easy to buy small packets than 50 kg bags which cost amound 1020

per bag .Transport cost also can be saved by farmers is 10 kg bag are madeavailable.

*Veterinary service should made free .

*Govt should ensure that diary farming was remunerative for farmers .*Provision of training in diary husbandary to the small scale diary farmers

*Provision of the good quality heifers to small scale diary farmers which will

reduce the tendency of their accepting any diary cattle coming their way assometimes they turn out to be of 1000 productivity .

*Provision of capital (loan/credit) support to small scale diary farmers .The capital

should be directed towards modernisation of production.

Appendix


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Questionaire

1. Name of the diary farmer :

2.sex : Male/Female

3.Age :

4.Educational Qualification : Below 5-10, Hs,above HSS

5.Source of income :

6.Land holding :

7.Number of cattle holding : 1-2,3-4,5-6, >6

8.Average milk/cow/day :

9.Average milk sales/day :

10.Why you prefer diary farming :

11.What about your standard of living in our society :

12.Do you get remunerative price for milk :

13.Dou you have green fodder cultivation :

14.What are the problems faced in diary farming :

15.Do you have any assistance from govt or other agencies.:

16.Do you get profit or loss? :

17.Do you borrow money from bank or any other agencies for diary farming

:

18.Do you get sufficient money from diary farming to repay the borrowings:


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19.Are you satisfied with diary farming :

20.Any suggetion to improve the diary farming :

Signature :Investigator - Diary farmer- :


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importance of livestock in india

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