Chirag

Ashish

Sachin

Abhay

Harsh

Mathematics•Mathematics is a study of quantity, structure and space.•It is a science dealing with logic of quantity, shape and

arrangement.

OriginThe word mathematics originated from Greek word

‘Mathematika’ which means learning

For more than two thousand years, mathematics has been a part

of the human search for understanding. Mathematical

discoveries have come both from the attempt to describe the

natural world and from the desire to arrive at a form of

inescapable truth from careful reasoning. In the last century

mathematics has been successfully applied to many other aspects

of the human world: voting trends in politics, the dating of

ancient artifacts, the analysis of automobile traffic patterns, and

long-term strategies for the sustainable harvest of deciduous

forests, to mention a few. Learning to think in mathematical

terms is an essential part of becoming a liberally educated

person.

Mathematics first arose from the practical need to

measure time and to count. The earliest evidence of

primitive forms of counting occurs in notched bones

and scored pieces of wood and stone. Early uses of

geometry are revealed in patterns found on ancient

cave walls and pottery.

As civilisations arose in Asia and the Near East,

sophisticated number systems and basic knowledge

of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra began to develop.

Mathematics received considerable stimulus in the 17th century from astronomical problems. The

astronomer Johannes Kepler, for example, discovered the elliptical shape of the planetary

orbits.

The greatest achievement of the 17th century was the discovery of methods that applied mathematics

to the study of motion. An example is Galileo's analysis of the parabolic path of

projectiles, published in 1638.

The greatest development of mathematics in the 18th century took place on the Continent, where monarchs such as Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and the Empress Catherine the Great of Russia

provided generous support for science, including mathematics.

The 19th century witnessed tremendous changein maths with increased specialization and newtheories of algebra and number theory. Publiceducation expanded rapidly, and mathematicsbecame a standard part of University Education.

Mathematicians in England slowly began to take an interest in advances made on

the Continent during the previous century. The Analytic Society was formed in 1812

to promote the new notation and ideas ofthe calculus commonly used by the French.

In the 20th century, mathematics has become much more diversified. Each specialist subject is being studied in far greater depth and advanced work in some fields may be unintelligible to

researchers in other fields. Nevertheless, new branches of mathematics have been developed which are of great practical

importance and which have basic ideas simple enough to be taught in secondary schools. Probably the most important of these is the mathematical theory of statistics in which much pioneering work

was done by Karl Pearson.

Higher mathematics has a powerful tool in the high-speed electronic computer, which can create and manipulate

mathematical `models´ of various systems in science, technology, and commerce.

The topics which are mainly useful in daily life are :

Commercial Mathematics

Algebra

Statistics

Geometry

This include the following topics :

Discount

Arithmetic ( Profit & Loss, Percentage, Ratio and Proposition , Time problems)

COMMERCIAL MATHEMATICS

Discount

Discount : Reduction from the full amount of a price .

The following are the four types of discounts which we see are

• Simple Discount. Offer a price reduction on a product by a

percentage. For example, buy a shirt and receive 25 % off the original

price.

• Minimum Purchase Discount. Offer a price reduction on a minimum

quantity purchase. For example, buy two shirts and receive 20 % off

each shirt.

• Buy ONE, Get one Free. Offer a free gift with a minimum quantity

purchase. For example, buy two shirts and receive a third shirt for free.

• Paired Discount. Offer a price reduction on a product if another

product is purchased. For example, buy a shirt and receive Rs.10 off a

pair of jeans.

Arithmetic ( Profit & Loss, Percentage, Ratio and Proposition ,Time related problems): The word refers to a branch ofmathematics which records elementary properties of certainoperations on numbers.

Arithmetic operations:

The traditional arithmetic operations are addition,subtraction, multiplication and division, although moreadvanced operations (such as manipulations ofpercentages, square root, exponentiation, and logarithmicfunctions) are also sometimes included in this subject.

ARITHMETIC

Algebra

How Algebra is useful in daily life ?

Suppose , we are to appoint a person for some domestic purpose

.We give him two option for salary per month as :

(1)Rs. 25 daily

(2)Rs.5 for the first day and keep on increasing Rs. 2 to the

pervious days for the next day

Which option will be better for him ?

(2) option is better:

As in the (1) option he will get only25× 30 = Rs. 750

And in the (2) option he will get = 5 +7+9 +...+ upto 30 terms

= Rs. 1020. ( sum of 30 terms of A.P.)

STATISTICS

Statistics: It is a mathematical science pertaining to the

collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of

data. Also with prediction and forecasting based on data.

How the concept of mean, mode and median is used in daily life ?

A shopkeeper, selling shirts, keeps more stock of that size of

shirt which has more sale. Here the size of that shirt is the mode

among other .

If in a tour, the total money spent by10 students is Rs. 500.

Then the average money spent by each student is Rs. 50. Here

Rs. 50 is the mean.

If you have 25 people lined up next to each other by age, the

median age will be the age of the person in the very middle.

Here the age of the middle person is the median.

Geometry: It a part of mathematics concerned with questions of size, shape, and relative position of figures and with properties of space.

How Is Geometry Used In Our Daily Life?

Geometry is especially useful in home building or improvement projects. If you want to find the floor area of a house, you use geometry. This information is useful for laying carpet or tiles and for telling an estate agent how big your house is when you want to put it on the market. If you want to reupholster a piece of furniture, you have to estimate the amount of fabric you need by calculating thesurface area of the furniture.

GEOMETRY