IMPORTANCE OF REACTIVE POWER IN DETERMINING THE COST OF POWER SYSTEM IN FUTURE EXTENSION

NAME: SHUBHAM SACHANREG. NO: 11104846ROLL NO: 02SUBJECT: ELE 519

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANCE OF REACTIVE POWER NEED OF REACTIVE POWER WHAT IS REACTIVE POWER NECESSARY TO CONTROL OF VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER PROBLEM BECAUSE OF REACTIVE POWER THE COST OF REACTIVE POWER IN POWER SYSTEM REACTIVE POWER LIMITATIONS SIMULINK DIAGRAM CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

We always in practice to reduce reactive power to improve system efficiency .This are acceptable at some level. If system is purely resistively or capacitance.

Real power accomplishes useful work while reactive power supports the voltage that must be controlled for system reliability.

Reactive power (VAR) compensation is defined as the management of reactive power to improve the performance of ac systems. There are two aspects:

a) Load Compensation

b) Voltage Support

 IMPORTANCE OF REACTIVE POWER Voltage control in an electrical power system is important for proper operation.

To prevent damage such as overheating of generators and motors, reduce transmission losses and to maintain the ability of the system to withstand and prevent voltage collapse.

Decreasing reactive power causing voltage to fall while increasing it causing voltage to rise. A voltage collapse may be occurs when the system try to serve much more load than the voltage can support.

NEED OF REACTIVE POWER

Reactive power generated by the ac power source is stored in a capacitor or a reactor during a quarter of a cycle and in the next quarter of the cycle it is sent back to the power source.

The reactive power oscillates between the ac source and the capacitor or reactor at a frequency equals, So to avoid the circulation between the load and source it needs to be compensated.

To regulate the power factor of the system and maintain the voltage stability we need to compensate reactive power.

WHAT IS REACTIVE POWER

Power is referred as the product of voltage and current

i.e. power = V x I

The reduction in active power has to be calculated by the field limit equation

𝑃𝑡 = (│ │ │ │/ ) sin 𝐸𝑡 𝐸𝑞 𝑋 𝛿 E.g.: Lays

NECESSARY TO CONTROL OF VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER

There are three reasons why it is necessary to manage reactive power and control

voltage.

a).Both customer and power system equipment are designed to operate within a

range of voltages, usually within ±5% of the nominal voltage.

b).Reactive power consumes transmission and generation resources. 

c).Moving reactive power on the transmission system incurs real power losses.

Both capacity and energy must be supplied to replace these losses.

PROBLEM BECAUSE OF REACTIVE POWER

Though reactive power is needed to run many electrical devices

It can cause harmful effects on appliances and other motorized loads, as well as electrical infrastructure.

It makes no difference whether the energy is expended in the form of heat or useful work.

We can determine how much reactive power electrical devices use by measuring their power factor, the ratio between real power and reactive power.

PROBLEM BECAUSE OF REACTIVE POWER

A power factor of 1 (i.e. 100%) ideally means that all electrical power is applied towards real work.

Homes typically have overall power factors in the range of 70% to 85%, depending upon which appliances may be running.

It is true that power factor correction assists the electric company by reducing demand for electricity, thereby allowing them to satisfy service needs elsewhere.

Power factor correction will not raise your electric bill or do harm to your electrical devices.

THE COST OF REACTIVE POWER IN POWER SYSTEM Determining reactive power pricing structures in an open-access environment. It is believed that reactive pricing and management under open-access will depend

upon. Two important developments:

1) The functional unbundling of facilities that support the reactive power and voltage control service, and

2) Grid rules to facilitate the coordination Between generation and transmission system for system operation. In general, electric services can be classified as: a) control area services,

b) transmission services, and c) power services.

REACTIVE POWER LIMITATIONS

Reactive power supplies are closely tied to the ability to deliver real or active power.

Usually necessary to produce it close to the location where it is needed.

SIMULINK DIAGRAM

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OUTPUT

WITH FAULT

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OUTPUT

CONCLUSION

Voltage control is important in order to reduce transmission losses and the system's

ability to resist and avoid voltage collapse.

Decrease in reactive power causes voltage drop while the pressure to rise increasing

thereby.

The economic benefits for end-users reduce energy costs, lower cable, transformer

losses and improvement are the state of tension, while Extension courses system

capacity by improving the management of reactive power.

In conclusion we can say is the reactive power important to

provide a real achievement.