important ! the systems, drawings and pictures depicted in this presentation are used for discussion...
TRANSCRIPT
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ImportantImportant
!
The Systems, Drawings And Pictures Depicted In This Presentation Are Used For Discussion Purposes Only. PV Systems And Their Components Vary In Design, And Appearance. It Is Imperative That Your Department Become Familiar With The Systems Installed In Your Community.
The Systems, Drawings And Pictures Depicted In This Presentation Are Used For Discussion Purposes Only. PV Systems And Their Components Vary In Design, And Appearance. It Is Imperative That Your Department Become Familiar With The Systems Installed In Your Community.
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!
Coordination Between Your Fire Department And Your Municipalities' Building And Fire Code Officials Is Essential To Understanding &Identifying PV Systems Installed In Your Community!
Coordination Between Your Fire Department And Your Municipalities' Building And Fire Code Officials Is Essential To Understanding &Identifying PV Systems Installed In Your Community!
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Program Goals:Program Goals:To Provide Firefighters with an Awareness of Photovoltaic Systems so Informed Fire Ground Decisions can be Applied for Safe Fireground Operations
To Provide Firefighters with an Awareness of Photovoltaic Systems so Informed Fire Ground Decisions can be Applied for Safe Fireground Operations
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Program Topics:Program Topics:What is Solar Power?
Why are People Using it?
What is it Used For?
Types of Systems
Impact on The Fire Service
Target Hazards in Your Jurisdiction
What is Solar Power?
Why are People Using it?
What is it Used For?
Types of Systems
Impact on The Fire Service
Target Hazards in Your Jurisdiction
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Currently…Currently…
New Jersey Is Second Largest Solar Energy Market In The United States
New Jersey Is Second Largest Solar Energy Market In The United States
SussexPassaic
Bergen
WarrenMorris
EssexHudson
Union
Hunterdon
Somerset
Middlesex
Mercer Monmouth
OceanBurlington
Camden
Atlantic
Gloucester
Salem
Cumberland
CapeMay
Note:Note: California with 4 times California with 4 times the population is the population is ranked #1ranked #1
Note:Note: California with 4 times California with 4 times the population is the population is ranked #1ranked #1
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NJ InstallationsNJ Installations
2001 = 62001 = 6
2006 = 12+2006 = 12+
2009 = 4000+
2011 =>9000
2009 = 4000+
2011 =>9000
SussexPassaic
Bergen
WarrenMorris
EssexHudson
Union
Hunterdon
Somerset
Middlesex
Mercer Monmouth
OceanBurlington
Camden
Atlantic
Gloucester
Salem
Cumberland
CapeMay
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SussexPassaic
Bergen
WarrenMorris
EssexHudson
Union
Hunterdon
Somerset
Middlesex
Mercer Monmouth
OceanBurlington
Camden
Atlantic
Gloucester
Salem
Cumberland
CapeMay
2011 - Over 9,000…2011 - Over 9,000…
Why Does it Concern UsWhy Does it Concern Us
Equates to About 15 Per Municipality
Equates to About 15 Per Municipality
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They’re in Your Town!!!!They’re in Your Town!!!!
Why Does it Concern UsWhy Does it Concern Us
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They’re in Your Town!!!!They’re in Your Town!!!!
Why Does it Concern UsWhy Does it Concern Us
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Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy SourcesWHYWHY
State Purchase Incentives (up to 25% of cost)State Sales Tax ExemptionFederal Tax CreditsLower or Non-Existent Energy Bills
State Purchase Incentives (up to 25% of cost)State Sales Tax ExemptionFederal Tax CreditsLower or Non-Existent Energy Bills
Note: Utilities Required To Buy Back Excess Solar Energy
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Importance to New JerseyImportance to New Jersey
4,709,000 Megawatt Hours Used In One Month
Only 36 Megawatt Hours Were Generated By Solar Energy
4,709,000 Megawatt Hours Used In One Month
Only 36 Megawatt Hours Were Generated By Solar Energy
In 2006In 2006
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Importance to New JerseyImportance to New JerseyNew Jersey also Houses the Nation’s Highest-Capacity & Oldest Running Nuclear Power Plants
New Jersey also Houses the Nation’s Highest-Capacity & Oldest Running Nuclear Power Plants
(Salem & Oyster Creek)
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Light & Radiant Heat From the Sun that Influences Climate & Weather
Naturally Replenished - Renewable Energy Source
Also Referred to as Solar Power Or Photovoltaic (PV) Solar: Electricity Generated From Solar Radiation
Light & Radiant Heat From the Sun that Influences Climate & Weather
Naturally Replenished - Renewable Energy Source
Also Referred to as Solar Power Or Photovoltaic (PV) Solar: Electricity Generated From Solar Radiation
Solar EnergySolar Energy
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Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Power from the Solar System is Added to the Normal Home Power Supply Supplied by the Utility Company
Power from the Solar System is Added to the Normal Home Power Supply Supplied by the Utility Company
Grid InterconnectedGrid Interconnected
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Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV SystemsSystem ComponentsSystem Components
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Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV SystemsSystem Components System Components
Roof Mounted Photovoltaic (PV) Panels
DC Energy ►AC Energy Inverter
Solar Junction Box
Electric Meter
Roof Mounted Photovoltaic (PV) Panels
DC Energy ►AC Energy Inverter
Solar Junction Box
Electric Meter
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Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Grid Inter-Tied with Battery BackupGrid Inter-Tied with Battery Backup
System - Similar to Previous System with the Addition of a “Battery Bank” to Store Power Generated from Solar Panels
System - Similar to Previous System with the Addition of a “Battery Bank” to Store Power Generated from Solar Panels
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Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Grid Inter-Tied with Battery BackupGrid Inter-Tied with Battery Backup
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Off Grid SystemsOff Grid SystemsNot Tied to Any Utility Service or Power Lines
Main Source of Power for Building
Can Have Wind-Power, Water-Power & Back-Up Generators Factored in to Provide Energy at Night
Not Tied to Any Utility Service or Power Lines
Main Source of Power for Building
Can Have Wind-Power, Water-Power & Back-Up Generators Factored in to Provide Energy at Night
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
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Roof Mounted Solar PanelsRoof Mounted Solar Panels
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Array DC DisconnectArray DC Disconnect
Charge Controller: Prevents Overcharging
Charge Controller: Prevents Overcharging
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Battery BankBattery Bank
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
System Meter: Bank Level, Panel Production, House Usage
System Meter: Bank Level, Panel Production, House Usage
Main DC DisconnectMain DC Disconnect
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DC Energy ►AC Energy InverterDC Energy ►AC Energy Inverter
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
Rectifier- Changes AC Energy ► DC Energy To Be Stored In Battery Bank
Rectifier- Changes AC Energy ► DC Energy To Be Stored In Battery Bank
Solar Junction BoxSolar Junction Box
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Generator Junction BoxGenerator Junction Box
Types of Solar PV SystemsTypes of Solar PV Systems
Off Grid System ComponentsOff Grid System Components
Power MeterPower Meter
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How Solar PV Systems WorkHow Solar PV Systems Work
Panels Contain PV Cells Made of Semi-conductive Materials Such as Silicon
The Cells Form Layers/ “Wafers” & Contain a Positive Side & Negative Side
Panels Contain PV Cells Made of Semi-conductive Materials Such as Silicon
The Cells Form Layers/ “Wafers” & Contain a Positive Side & Negative Side
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How Solar PV Systems WorkHow Solar PV Systems Work
Photovoltaic Panels Photo Means LightVoltaic Means Electricity
Also Commonly Referred to as PV Panels
Photovoltaic Panels Photo Means LightVoltaic Means Electricity
Also Commonly Referred to as PV Panels
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How Solar PV Systems WorkHow Solar PV Systems WorkElectric Conductors Attached to Panel Sides Form Electric Circuit
Sunlight Energy Excites Electrons & Knock Them Loose
Conductors Capture Energy Creating an Electrical Current
Electric Conductors Attached to Panel Sides Form Electric Circuit
Sunlight Energy Excites Electrons & Knock Them Loose
Conductors Capture Energy Creating an Electrical Current
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How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems WorksDirect Current Electrical Energy is Produced
Direct Current Electrical Energy is Produced
Power Is Combined in a “Combiner Box” Or “Combination Box” & Sent to Inverter
Power Is Combined in a “Combiner Box” Or “Combination Box” & Sent to Inverter
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How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
Inverter: Changes DC to AC
Information such as Power Level, Energy Production, & Fault Messages can Usually be Observed Here
Inverter: Changes DC to AC
Information such as Power Level, Energy Production, & Fault Messages can Usually be Observed Here
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How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
Combiner Box
How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
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How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
Combiner BoxCombiner Box
Conduit to Inverter Conduit to Inverter Note: Always Consider Note: Always Consider
This This HOTHOT
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How Solar PV Systems WorksHow Solar PV Systems Works
Alternating Current (AC) is Distributed to House Service Panel for Use. Excess Power is Transported Back Through the Utility Meter
Alternating Current (AC) is Distributed to House Service Panel for Use. Excess Power is Transported Back Through the Utility Meter
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MountingBoltsMountingBolts
Solar Panel Mounting SystemsSolar Panel Mounting Systems
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Grid TracksGrid Tracks
Solar Panel Mounting SystemsSolar Panel Mounting Systems
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Flat Roof Mounting SystemsFlat Roof Mounting Systems
Weighted or Ballasted System
Weighted or Ballasted System
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Flat Roof Mounting SystemsFlat Roof Mounting Systems
Bolted Through or Anchored System
Bolted Through or Anchored System
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Integrated Roof SystemsIntegrated Roof Systems
Virtually impossible to tell from the ground. This is why preplanning is so important.
Virtually impossible to tell from the ground. This is why preplanning is so important.
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Preplanning is EssentialPreplanning is Essential
Some Systems Unidentifiable from Street
Some Systems Unidentifiable from Street
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Preplanning is EssentialPreplanning is Essential
Systems DifferSystems Differ
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Preplanning is EssentialPreplanning is Essential
Disconnect Locations Vary
Disconnect Locations Vary
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PV HazardsPV HazardsShock Hazards
Batteries
Roof Collapse
Trip hazards
Roof Ventilation
Shock Hazards
Batteries
Roof Collapse
Trip hazards
Roof Ventilation
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ShockShockPrimary Firefighter Danger
Maximum Voltage Of A Solar Panel System: 600 Volts (Low Voltage)
Primary Firefighter Danger
Maximum Voltage Of A Solar Panel System: 600 Volts (Low Voltage)
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Note: Nearly 300 workers die yearly from low voltage electrical incidents
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ShockShock
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Note: Unlike fire, which produces burns in a relatively predictable manner, electricity can strike unsuspecting victims — sometimes fatally!
Momentary Contact With Low DC Voltages May Produce:
Continuous ShockThermal Injury Ventricular Fibrillation
Momentary Contact With Low DC Voltages May Produce:
Continuous ShockThermal Injury Ventricular Fibrillation
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InhalationInhalation
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Protect Yourselves – Use Your SCBA
Protect Yourselves – Use Your SCBA
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BatteriesBatteries
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Note: NEVER USE WATER to Extinguish lead-acid battery fires - Use CO2 or Dry Chemical
As a Rule, Batteries Burn with Great Difficulty
Batteries Exposed to Fire Generate Extremely Corrosive Fumes & Gases
As a Rule, Batteries Burn with Great Difficulty
Batteries Exposed to Fire Generate Extremely Corrosive Fumes & Gases
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Roof CollapseRoof Collapse
PV Hazards PV Hazards
PV Panel – 35 lbs
Modules & Racking Hardware – 4 lbs/ft2
PV Panel – 35 lbs
Modules & Racking Hardware – 4 lbs/ft2
Normal Dwelling - 40 PanelsNormal Dwelling - 40 Panels
35# Each
1,400 PoundsTotal Added Dead Load to Roof System
Approx. WeightsApprox. Weights
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Other HazardsOther Hazards
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Trip HazardsTrip Hazards
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Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
PV Hazards PV Hazards
PV “Wiring Harness” is CONSIDERED ALWAYS HOT
PV “Wiring Harness” is CONSIDERED ALWAYS HOT
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Roof Operations HazardsRoof Operations Hazards
PV Hazards PV Hazards
During Daytime Firefighting Operations PV Panels Are Still Generating Electricity
Do Not Cut Into Or Walk Across Panels
Do Not Break Protective GlassAll Energy In Entire System Could Be Released At Break Point
During Daytime Firefighting Operations PV Panels Are Still Generating Electricity
Do Not Cut Into Or Walk Across Panels
Do Not Break Protective GlassAll Energy In Entire System Could Be Released At Break Point
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Roof VentilationRoof Ventilation
PV Hazards PV Hazards
Ventilate The Highest Point Over The Fire Without Cutting Through The PV Array (other side of the roof)
Flat Roofs With Complete PV CoverageHorizontal With Supplemental Hydraulic & Positive Pressure Ventilation
Ventilate The Highest Point Over The Fire Without Cutting Through The PV Array (other side of the roof)
Flat Roofs With Complete PV CoverageHorizontal With Supplemental Hydraulic & Positive Pressure Ventilation
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Firefighting OperationsFirefighting Operations
The IC Must Notify Firefighters of the Presence of Solar Arrays
The IC Must Notify Firefighters of the Presence of Solar Arrays
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Firefighting OperationsFirefighting Operations
Lock & Tag Out Array atInverter
DC Disconnect
Main Electrical Panel
Lock & Tag Out Array atInverter
DC Disconnect
Main Electrical Panel
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Firefighting OperationsFirefighting Operations
Use Class “C” Extinguishing Agents- CO2 Or Dry Chemical
Use Class “C” Extinguishing Agents- CO2 Or Dry Chemical
PV Array FirePV Array Fire
CAUTION: SYSTEM IS ENERGIZED
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Firefighting OperationsFirefighting OperationsRoof FireRoof Fire
CAUTION: SYSTEM IS ENERGIZED
Use Water Fog Pattern on the PV Array Use Water Fog Pattern on the PV Array
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RememberRemember
Treat All Systemsas Energized
Regardless of Timeof Day
Treat All Systemsas Energized
Regardless of Timeof Day
!
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RememberRemember
!
You Cannot Effectively Block All The Sunlight With Salvage Covers, Foam, or Tarps During Day Time Operations and Declare The PV System “Safe”
You Cannot Effectively Block All The Sunlight With Salvage Covers, Foam, or Tarps During Day Time Operations and Declare The PV System “Safe”
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RememberRemember
!
Use of spotlights during an evening operation may be bright enough to generate electricity from the PV system
Use of spotlights during an evening operation may be bright enough to generate electricity from the PV system
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PV Technology AdvancementsPV Technology AdvancementsPV Integrated ShinglesPV Integrated Shingles
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SummarySummaryKnow Where Buildings With PV Systems Are Located In You District.
“Preplan” “Preplan” “Preplan”
Treat PV System Components As Always Energized
Adjust Your Firefighting Tactics Accordingly
Additional Information:
www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/Research/FFTacticsSolarPower.pdf
Know Where Buildings With PV Systems Are Located In You District.
“Preplan” “Preplan” “Preplan”
Treat PV System Components As Always Energized
Adjust Your Firefighting Tactics Accordingly
Additional Information:
www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/Research/FFTacticsSolarPower.pdf
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RememberRemember
!
The Systems, Drawings and Pictures depicted in this Presentation are used for discussion purposes only. PV Systems and their Components vary in design, and appearance. It is imperative that Your Department become familiar with the systems installed in your community.
The Systems, Drawings and Pictures depicted in this Presentation are used for discussion purposes only. PV Systems and their Components vary in design, and appearance. It is imperative that Your Department become familiar with the systems installed in your community.
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!
Coordination between your Fire Department and your municipalities' Building and Fire Code Officials is Essential to identifying and understanding the PV Systems installed in your Community!
Coordination between your Fire Department and your municipalities' Building and Fire Code Officials is Essential to identifying and understanding the PV Systems installed in your Community!
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Corey J. Hullings …………………… Delran Fire Department
Suzanne Borek…………………Division of Codes and Standards
Richard Farletta ………………..Division of Fire Safety
Ken Kandrac ……………………Slackwood Fire Company
Jerry Lax ………………………..Advanced Solar Products
NJ Board of Public Utilities……Clean Energy Program
James McFadden………………Division of Fire Safety
Corey J. Hullings …………………… Delran Fire Department
Suzanne Borek…………………Division of Codes and Standards
Richard Farletta ………………..Division of Fire Safety
Ken Kandrac ……………………Slackwood Fire Company
Jerry Lax ………………………..Advanced Solar Products
NJ Board of Public Utilities……Clean Energy Program
James McFadden………………Division of Fire Safety
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