Impressionist MusicClaude Debussy– Elusive moods and haunting sensations– Debussy’s musical compositions were often

inspired by the visual arts.

Igor Stravinsky– Ballets based on Russian folk tales– Unusual dancing, pulsating rhythms, sharp

dissonances. – (one show caused a riot in the theater)

Late 19th-century Politics. Post 1894—decline in democracy

Jews in Europe

1. Emancipated post 1848, especially in France and Germany.

2. Severely persecuted in eastern Europe, especially Russia and the Ukraine.

3. Rise in antisemitism—seen in nationalistic political parties in Austria and Germany. Also, in the Dreyfus Affair in France--1895

Zionist Movement

Theodor Herzl—The Jewish State—response to antisemitism.

Liberalism in Great Britain

1. David Lloyd George and liberal party shifted to a more modern day liberal image—embraced values of the Labour Party on the left. Abandoned old liberal ideas of laissez-faire.

2. National Insurance Act of 1911—sickness and unemployment benefits. Beginning of welfare state.

3. Weakened House of Lords in 1911

France’s Third Republic

1. 1895 Dreyfus Affair—highlighted anti-semitism. Ended up backfiring for conservatives. Church divorced from state schools and other activities. Church lands seized. Army purged of anti-republican members.

Germany1. Growing tension—more industrialized economy, thus more industrial workers. Socialist Democratic Party became the largest party in the Reichstag.

2. Bismarck wasn’t into imperialism, but conservatives later persuaded Wilhelm II to support to boost nationalism. It was a good political distraction.

3. Pan-German League stressed nationalism and imperialism—right wing group

RussiaSergey Witte-Finance Minister

1. Focused on industrializing Russia, building rail lines, such as the Trans-Siberian railway, and implementing protective tariffs. Steel production increased.

2. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905—fought of access to Korea—Russia lost.

3. Led to 1905 Rev. sparked after Bloody Sunday

Imperialism

1. Review from last year. All the motives.

2. Germany last to enter in to the imperialist ranks. Berlin Conference 1884-1885—plan to divide up Africa.

3. China. Opium War 1839-1842, Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901 and Open Door Policy, 1899.

Austria-Hungary

1. Nationality problem never settled.

2. Right to vote led to more agitation from minorities. Prime Ministers just ignored Parliament.

3. German nationalist groups rose up in response.

4. Hungary kept in line by the threat of democracy for its minorities.

Africa from 1878 to 1914

1. What changes to you see between the map in the bottom left and the map on the top right? What could explain these changes?

Social Darwinism

Henry Spencer was the main advocate of this ideology.

Racial superiority as advocated by Houston Stewart Chamberlain in The Foundations of the 19th-Centry

– 5. More benign, but equally racist was the White Man’s burden: The belief that it is the White Man’s moral obligation to civilize the “savage” peoples of the world. This belief is centered on racial superiority.

– How does the cartoon to the left depict the White Man’s burden?

Key Events in Africa

1. Suez Canal 18572. Berlin Conference 18823. Belgian Congo under Leopold (1882-1905)4. Failed Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1896)5. Late arrival of Germany. Why?6. Successful Italian invasion of Libya (1912)7. Boer War 1899-19028. Cecil Rhodes’ influence

Key Events in Asia1. Sepoy Rebellion 18572. Peace of Paris after 7 Years’ War-17633. Opium War 1839-424. Spheres of Influence in China5. Boxer Rebellion6. US Open Door Policy7. Russo-Japanese War 19058. Japanese occupation of Korea 19109. US asserts dominance in Philippines after Span-Amer war 1898.10. Thailand remains neutral. Why?