improved availability of ballasted track using ballast .../file/sköld improved availability of...

CHRISTIAN BERNER AS LEDENDE PARTNER FOR TEKNISKE LØSNINGER www.christianberner.no

• Improved availability of ballasted track using ballast mats, UBM and under sleeper pads, USP.


Why elasticity in railway superstructure?


• Transmission of dynamic impacts and forces

„Better to bend than to break“

„rope a dope“ technique from Muhamed Ali 1974

Why elasticity in railway superstructure?


Why designed elasticity in railway superstructure?


Problem 1. Degradation of ballast


Problem 2. Degradation of rail pads


Problem 3. Degradation of sleepers


Ballast mats, UBM


Test track. Pueblo, Colorado. 36 tonnes axle load. Visual inspection after 50 MGT

Ballast mats

Reduced ballast wear


UBM after 750 MGT in good state

Ballast mat Sylodyn 1019

Ballast mats

Partly deteriorated ballast.


Ballast mats

• Union Pacific track • Nebraska: 36to axle load / 250 MGT/year



Ballast mats

Before installation of UBM



Installation of UBM


Ballast mats

Visual inspection after 2 years or 500 MGT without maintenance



Ballast mats

2012: 750 MGT without maintenance



Under Sleeper pads

Under sleeper pads, USP


• Increase of contact are between sleeper and ballast

• Distribution of axle load to more sleeper

• Reduced dynamic impacts

Effects in track using USP


•3% to 5% after tamping

•up to 35% using USP

• Padded Sleeper from DB track after 190 Mio. Load Tons (Type Plastic/Elastic)

• No Perforations or any other signs of damage

Increase of contact area


•Reduction of 75% to 90% of the initial ballast pressure



• Equivalent surface area of a sleeper: • Length: 2,6m • Width of 3m necessary



• Equivalent surface area of a sleeper: • Width: 0,3m • Length of 26m necessary



• cstat=0.29N/mm³ • 28% contact area

• cstat=0.3N/mm³ • 6% contact area

Different USP materials


• Increase of contact area between concrete sleeper and ballast

• Distribution of axle load to more sleeper

• Reduced dynamic impacts

Effects in track using under dsleeper pads


Sleeper w/o sleeper pad and low rail deflection

Sleeper with sleeper pad and designed rail deflection

Distribution of axle load to more sleeper


•27

Axle Load: 220 kN Rail: UIC 60 Sleeper Distance: 0,6 m

Sleeper Pad: Bedding Modulus: 0,07 N/mm³ (Ballast Plate) Force per Rail Seat: Ballast Track: 55 kN

Ballast Track with Sleeper Pads: 33 kN

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 52.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

0.5

•Rail length [m]

•Rai

l Def

lect

ion

[mm

]

•-2,8 m •2,8 m

•3,8 m

•-3,8 m

Ballast Track without Sleeper Pads Ballast Track with Sleeper Pads

Distribution of axle load to more sleepers

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

0.5


Long term investigation of the effect of sleeper pads on the track quality presented by the Austrian railway (ÖBB)


Frankenmarkt, Test track, Constructed September 2001

•Versuchsstrecke •V = 110 km/h

•1267,71 •80,34 •184,11 •80,34 •135,35

•110,10 •210,63 •160,15 •188,94 •110,09 •877,13 •c = 80 mm

•USP •c = 152 mm

•R=420,7 •R=430,7 •R=420,7

•R=770,4

•274,900 •277,800

•274

,403

•275

,671

•275

,751

•275

,935

•276

,015

•276

,149

•276

,259

•276

,448

•276

,658

•276

,819

•276

,929

•277

,806


•Frankenmarkt, 4014 Gleis 1

•0.0

•0.5

•1.0

•1.5

•2.0

•2.5

•3.0

•3.5

•4.0 •mm

•275.0 •275.2 •275.4 •275.6 •275.8 •276.0 •276.2 •276.4 •276.6 •276.8 •277.0 •277.2 •277.4 •277.6 •277.8

•km

•Straight line 1 no USP •Straight line 2 no USP •Station Pöndorf •Curve_R425_USP

Frankenmarkt. (Longitudal standard deviation) Test track, Constructed September 2001


•Frankenmarkt, 4014 Gleis 1

•Curve_R425_USP •Straight line 1_no USP •Straight line 2_no USP •Station Pöndorf

•0.0

•0.2

•0.4

•0.6 •0.8

•1.0

•1.2 •1.4

•1.6

•1.8

•2.0 •mm

•2001 •2002 •2003 •2004 •2005 •2006 •2007 •2008

•Jahr

Standard Deviation Longitudinal


Evaluation of more than 1500 crossections in Austria with more than 20 MGT and equipped with Getzner under sleeper pad type SLB 3007 G show an incraese of the tamping intervalls by a factor of 2,75!

Change of tamping intervals by using USP


• Heavy Haul

• Narrow curves

• Transition zones

• Turnouts

Maintenance intensive track sections


Narrow curves. Rail corrugation


Narrow curves. Hieflau, Austria.


Rail Corrugation, Measurement Results

Test track Hieflau, Austria with Curve radius: 265 m

Rail corrugation measurements. Hieflau.


Transition zones


• Malmbanan Gällivare-Koskuskulle USP Sylomer SLB2210

Heavy Haul


Effects in track using ballast mats and under sleeper pads

• Less maintenance necessary

• Better track stability

• Better track quality

• Longer lifetime of track

→ Increased availability and reduced life cycle costs

Track Quality


Reference list. USP

• ÖBB. > 30000 to/ day. Curve radius < 600 m. > 160 km/h. ~ 200 000 sleepers/ year • Trafikverket. Sweden. ~ 35 000 sleepers/ year since 2014 • Jernbaneverket. Norway. ~ 12 000 sleepers. Oslo project. 2009-2012 • Rail Baltica (Lithuania) ~ 16 000 sleepers. 2014-2015

Heavy Haul

• Carajas Iron ore line. 32 tonnes axle load. Brazil • Feng Sha Coal line. 25 tonnes axle load. China • Daquin Coal line. 25 tonnes axle load. China • MRS Freight Line. 32 tonnes axle load. Brazil • Ofotbanen. 30 tonnes axle load. One turnout. ~ 2000 sleepers • Malmbanan.

41


Thank you for your attention!

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Frankenmarkt, �Test track, Constructed September 2001Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Heavy HaulSlide Number 40Reference list. USPSlide Number 42

improved availability of ballasted track using ballast .../file/sköld improved availability of...

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