improving online chemistry one structure at a time filemetabolic pathway databases adme/tox data...
TRANSCRIPT
Improving Online Chemistry –
One Structure at a Time
Antony WilliamsAstraZeneca, February 10th 2012
We Have …Too Much Data!!!
It is so difficult to navigate…
What’s the
structure?
Are they in
our file?
What’s
similar?
What’s the
target?Pharmacology
data?
Known
Pathways?
Working On
Now?Connections
to disease?
Expressed in
right cell type?
Competitors?
IP?
Literature Patents NewsPipeline SAR CSRs SafetyIn vivo Etc
Pharma Information..and the web…
The World of Online Chemistry
Property databases
Compound aggregators
Screening assay results
Scientific publications
Encyclopedic articles (Wikipedia)
Metabolic pathway databases
ADME/Tox data – eTOX for example
Blogs/Wikis and Open Notebook Science
Contributing Open Source code to projects
PubChem
ChEMBL
Collaborative Knowledge Management
e-Science and Primary Data
How much data generated in a lab, that COULDgo public, is lost forever?
e-Science and Primary Data
How much data generated in a lab, that COULDgo public, is lost forever?
Public Domain reference databases of value?
Syntheses
Properties
Spectra
CIFs
Images
e-Science and Primary Data
How much data generated in a lab, that COULDgo public, is lost forever?
Public Domain reference databases of value?
Syntheses
Properties
Spectra
CIFs
Images
Much of chemistry is chemical structure-based –where and how could we host these data?
RSC’s ChemSpider
We Want to Answer Questions
Questions a chemist might ask…
What is the melting point of n-heptanol?
What is the chemical structure of Xanax?
Chemically, what is phenolphthalein?
What are the stereocenters of cholesterol?
Where can I find publications about xylene?
What are the different trade names for Ketoconazole?
What is the NMR spectrum of Aspirin?
What are the safety handling issues for Thymol Blue?
Available Information…
Linked to vendors, safety data, toxicity, metabolism
Available Information….
Crowdsourced “Annotations”
Users can add
Descriptions/Syntheses/Commentaries
Links to PubMed articles
Links to articles via DOIs
Add spectral data
Add Crystallographic Information Files
Add photos
Add MP3 files
Add Videos
Spectra
Data on the Web
Chemistry Data online is messy
We have inherited errors
All public compound databases, including ours, have errors
“Incorrect” structures – assertions, timelines etc
“Incorrect” names associated with structures
Properties
Links
Publications
ENORMOUS CHALLENGE
What could create change?
Harvard Business Review (2010)
“One change would make a substantial difference [to drug R&D]: the creation of
agreed-upon standards for digitally representing drug assets.”
Consider drug structures ONLY…
The Structure of Vitamin K?
MeSH
A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K
The Structure of Vitamin K1?
What is the Structure of Vitamin K1?
CAS’s Common Chemistry
Wikipedia
ChEBI – Manual Curation
“2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione”
Variants of systematic names on PubChem
2-methyl-3-[(E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-[(E,7S,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-[(E,7R,11S)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-[(E,7S,11S)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-[(E,11S)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
2-methyl-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl
What’s Methane?
What’s Methane?
What ELSE is Methane???
EPA’s DailyMed
EPA’s DailyMed
EPA’s DailyMed
With Great Fanfare…
NPC Browser http://tripod.nih.gov/npc/
NPC Browser http://tripod.nih.gov/npc/
Openness and Quality IssuesWilliams and Ekins, DDT, 16: 747-750 (2011)
Science Translational Medicine 2011
Content is King and Quality Costs Curated Chemistry “content” is expensive to create
Patent searching
Structures and properties
Drug databases
Literature databases
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), the “Gold Standard” in Chemistry related information 104 years of content
>50 million substances
Proprietary platform
The EXPERTS must get it right?!
Wikipedia, C&E News, PubChemC&E News (from ACS)
Feedback from Steve Ritter
“Although CAS and C&EN are both part of the ACS Publications Division, we at C&EN still have to pay for our SciFinder access, strangely enough.”
“It would be nice to have an authoritative web-based source of standard, well-drawn structures for chemists to go to so they can freely cut and paste structures into their papers, PowerPoint presentations, and anything else they might need. Maybe Wikipedia will be that source one day.”
Public Domain Databases
Our databases are a mess…
Non-curated databases are proliferating errors
We source and deposit data between databases
Original sources of errors hard to determine
Curation is time-consuming and challenging
Stop Whining – Fix it
Crowdsourced Curation
Crowd-sourced curation: identify/tag errors, edit names, synonyms, identify records to deprecate
Search “Vitamin H”
“Curate” Identifiers
“Curate” Identifiers
“Curate” Identifiers
Standards : Structure Standardization
Standards : Structure Standardization
Standards : Structure Standardization
What needs to happen?
Standards
Standardization of structures ChEBI/PubChem sharing
InChI adoption
The InChI Identifier
Multiple Layers
InChIStrings Hash to InChIKeys
Vancomycin – Search the Internet
Vancomycin
Search Molecular
SKELETON
Search Full Molecule
Full Skeleton Search: 104 Hits
Full Molecule Search: 4 Hits
Crowdsourcing Works
>130 people have deposited data and participated in data curation
Different level curators check each other
More curators and depositors are encouraged!
What needs to happen?
Standards
Standardization of structures ChEBI/PubChem sharing
InChI adoption
Collaboration
Stop reinventing the wheel
Share data, share efforts and speed the process
Antony Williams vs Identifiers
Passport ID
Dad, Tony, others
SSN
Green Card
License5 email addresses
ChemSpiderman (blog,
Twitter account,
Facebook, Friendfeed)
OpenID
….
Aspirin names and synonyms
• Text searches depend on correct association
• 335 suggested identifiers for Aspirin just on PubChem!
• Disambiguation dictionaries are necessary, not just for authors!
The Final Search Strategy
All Those Names, One Structure
Curated Dictionaries Matter
Success Depends on Dictionaries
Validated Name-Structure Dictionaries
Chemical name dictionaries are used for: Text-mining (publications, patents)
Used to index PubMed and link to Google Patents
Linking to other databases – think Biology! When structures are not available drug names link
Searching the web Names link to structures link to InChIs
I want to know about “Vincristine”
If all algorithms work then
everything on the page is
correct by default except the
name-structure relationship!
Vincristine: Identifiers and Properties
Vincristine: PatentsLinked by Name
Vincristine: ArticlesLinked by Name
ChemSpider Everywhere:
What do computers want?
Web services
Mass Spec Analysis
ChemSpider Interface
Tinuvin 328
Position sorted by references
Position 1 only
Web Services
Web Services Open Up Collaboration
Agilent, Bruker, Waters and Thermo all use our web-based services for compound lookup
Many academic sites integrating directly –metabonomics, name lookup, semantic markup
Mobile app integration
Commercial structure drawing packages
ChemSpider Everywhere : Embed
ChemSpider Everywhere: Spectral Game
ChemSpider Everywhere
Crowdsourced Curation of Spectra
ChemSpider Everywhere : ChemMobi
Structure Database Lookup
ChemSpider Resources for Chemistry
It is so difficult to navigate…
What’s the
structure?
Are they in
our file?
What’s
similar?
What’s the
target?Pharmacology
data?
Known
Pathways?
Working On
Now?Connections
to disease?
Expressed in
right cell type?
Competitors?
IP?
Open PHACTS Project Develop a set of robust standards…
Implement the standards in a semantic integration hub
Deliver services to support drug discovery programs in pharma and public domain
22 partners, 8 pharmaceutical companies, 3 biotechs
36 months project
Guiding principle is open access, open usage, open source
- Key to standards adoption -
Internet Data
The Future
Commercial Software
Pre-competitive Data
Open Science
Open Data
Publishers
Educators
Open Databases
Chemical Vendors
Small organic molecules
Undefined materials
Organometallics
Nanomaterials
Polymers
Minerals
Particle bound
Links to Biologicals
The Future of Chemistry on the Web?
Public compound databases federate & build a linked environment of validated data!
Data validation needs are not ignored
Publishers layer on information to make publications discoverable
Public-Private databases can be linked
Open Data proliferate
The “Semantic Web” in action
Acknowledgments
The ChemSpider team
Our data providers, depositors, collaborators and curators
Software providers – OpenEye, ChemDoodle, ACD/Labs, GGA Software, Open Source (Jmol, JSpecView, OpenBabel)
Thank you
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: ChemConnector
Blog: www.chemspider.com/blog
Personal Blog: www.chemconnector.com
SLIDES: www.slideshare.net/AntonyWilliams