improving vocabulary word origins and root words
TRANSCRIPT
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Improving VocabularyWord Origins and Root Words
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Literacy Do Now11-29-11
My Brain HurtsStep 1. Watch the short video about how the brain works.
Step 2. Take notes (shorthand) while watching the video.
Step 3. Write a paragraph (5-8 sentences) response to the video.
Sample Topic Sentence- While watching the short video about how the brain works I learned many interesting facts about my own brain.
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C & C Practice EssayStep 1. Working INDEPENDENTLY……
Step 2. Decide upon 2 topics, items, people, events, things, or objects you will compare and contrast.
Step 3. Check with me if the 2 things you chose are appropriate.
Step 4. Complete a Venn Diagram OR Comparison Chart before you begin writing.
Step 5. Next, choose a structure for your C & C Essay– Block Method or Point-by-Point Method. Use the handout!
Step 6. Begin writing your C & C Essay. It is due by the end of the period. Good Luck!
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Literacy Do Now Word Ladder (created by me because I have not typed yours up
yet)
11-30-11
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Literacy Do NowCreative Writing
12-5-11
Finish C & C Quiz First. Then write a well developed paragraph (5-8 sentences) describing what you think the mystery object is.
Topic Sentence: Today’s Literacy Do Now is a creative writing do now. I think the mystery object is ______________.
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**Answer**
American double inkwell. It is in the style commonly referred to as Snail inks, where the glass well can be rotated open in the metal stand to reveal the ink, and then rotated closed to seal it and keep the ink from evaporating.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
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Book of the Month Sketch
Liar, Liar by Gary Paulsen
When You Reach Me by Rebecca Stead
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
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Literacy Do Now12-6-11
Word Ladder
Created By Vanna & Grace
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Target Word Letter Changes Clue
Template
-3 Eat on this
-1 Not on time
-1 Past tense of eat
rearrange Put in mouth
+2 You give dogs this
-2,+1 Opposite of sloppy
Change 2 To jump
-1 You run these in track
-1,+3 A device used to surf the web
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Students will identify common Greek and Latin roots in selected words.
Students will recognize these roots in words families.
Students will apply knowledge of roots to determine word meaning in selected passages.
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RPDP Secondary Literacywww.signingtime.com
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
No Internet because there are no computers!
No video games either!
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
No homework assignments!
No big reports to write!
No books to read!
No newspapers – not even the sports!
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
No words for any of your favorite songs – just music!
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Why do different languages share Why do different languages share similar words for the same things?similar words for the same things?
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
The answers to these questions lie in the
study of etymologystudy of etymology..
This is the study of the origins of wordsorigins of words and how they evolved
over time.
www.wordfocus.com
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
The word etymology is derived from the Greek etumos which means real or true.
The ending ‘ology’ suggests the study or science of something, as in biology or geology.
That is the etymology of etymology.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
What is etymology?What is etymology?
Here is an example:
The Ancient Greek word hippos means horse.
And potamus means river.
Hippopotamus literally means river horse.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Malarian. Infectious disease characterized
by chills and fever caused by the bite of an infected mosquito.
This word comes from the mediaeval Italian mal (=bad) and aria (=air)
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
What do you have in common with Julius Caesar?
JuliusCaesar/tvminiseries/c.2002
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Let’s think about this for a minute. Have you ever been -
• A dictator of a great empire?
• A Roman general?
• A close friend of Cleopatra?
• Captured by pirates and held for ransom?
• Had your name become an actual title?
• Had any coins bearing your likeness?
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Did you answer yes to any of these questions?
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RPDP Secondary Literacy www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/clothing.html
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RPDP Secondary LiteracyPhoto © I1996 IncWell
The answer is WORDS.WORDS.
You have probably spoken hundreds,
maybe even thousands,
of the same words as both Caesar.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Latin was the language of ancient Rome.
As the Romans conquered Europe, the Latin language spread.
Since England was part of the Roman Empire for close to 400 years, Latin was its written language.
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RPDP Secondary Literacywww.hyperhistory.com/online_2/maptext
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
English did not develop only from Latin.
• Early English was the language of tribes who invaded England from the East, from what is now Germany.
• This tells us why words in German and English are often similar.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
In the 11th century, when the French invaded England, many French words were also introduced.
Over time, many more words were introduced into English from other European countries.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
For hundreds of years after the fall of the Roman Empire, Latin was thelanguage of education and knowledge in Europe.
This explains why so many terms weuse connected with knowledge, religion, or education are of Latin origin.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
During the 17th and 18th centuries, dictionary writers and grammarians felt that English was an imperfect language and Latin was perfect.
To improve the English language, they made up many English words from Latin roots.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
They used Greek roots also sinceGreek was considered thelanguage of the arts.
The Greeks were the first Europeans to use an alphabet, to theorize about language, and toframe language categories.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
• a part of a word
• the part that carries the most meaning
• often called a base word when it’s a complete word
• by itself usually not a word
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
• Main part of word
• Must have at least one in a word
• In English, limited to two in a word
• Simple words have one root
• Compound words have two roots
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
At least half of the words in the English language are derived from
Greek and Latin rootsGreek and Latin roots.
Knowing these roots helps us understand the meaning of
words beforebefore we look them up in the dictionary.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
A base word is a word part that by itself is also a word:
Partition has the base word part and means
“to divide into parts.”
part ition
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
hiero glyth
A root is a word part that is used to form other words.
A root by itself is usually not a word:
Hieroglyph has the root word hiero and the root glyph. Hiero means “sacred”
and glyph means “carving.” Hieroglyph means “a carved symbol in the sacred
writing of ancient Egypt.”
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
If you want to learn 20 – 30 new words, you can spend time memorizing
their definitions.
But in a few days you’ll probably forget most of their meanings.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
The Latin root ‘port’ means to carry.
Knowing the root can help you unlock the meaning of many related words with the same root.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
porter
portable
importable
import
export
exportable
deport
deportation
important
report
reporter
importer
portage
portfolio
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
A porter is a person employed to carry burdens, such as luggage.
Important means great significance or value.
Portable means easy to move or carry.
Report means to carry back and repeat information.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
See how easy it is when you know the root word ‘port’ means to carry?
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Latin root Basic
meaning Example words
-dict- to say contradict, dictate, diction, edict, predict
-duc- to lead, bring, take
deduce, produce, reduce
-gress- to walk digress, progress, transgress
-ject- to throw eject, inject, interject, project, reject, subject
-pel- to drive compel, dispel, impel, repel
-pend- to hang append, depend, impend, pendant, pendulum
-port- to carry comport, deport, export, import, report, support
-scrib-, -script-
to write describe, description, prescribe, prescription, subscribe, subscription, transcribe, transcription
-tract- to pull, drag, draw
attract, contract, detract, extract, protract, retract, traction
-vert- to turn convert, divert, invert, revert
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Greek root Basic meaning Example words
-anthrop- human misanthrope, philanthropy, anthropomorphic
-chron- time anachronism, chronic, chronicle, synchronize, chronometer
-dem- people democracy, demography, demagogue, endemic, pandemic
-morph- form amorphous, metamorphic, morphology
-path- feeling, suffering empathy, sympathy, apathy, apathetic, psychopathic
-pedo-, -ped- child, children pediatrician, pedagogue
-philo-, -phil- having a strong affinity or love for
philanthropy, philharmonic, philosophy
-phon- sound polyphonic, cacophony, phonetics
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
The root ‘am’ means love or friend.
Select the best meaning of the word
friendly.
A. amend
B. ambition
C. amicable
D. ambush
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
The root ‘am’ means love or friend.
Select the best meaning of the word
friendly.
A. amend
B. ambition
C. amicable
D. ambushHow did you do?How did you do?
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
You could have looked at the part of speech of
friendly.
You see a suffix ending. The –ly (meaning like) tells you this word must be an adjective or an adverb, both parts of speech used to describe someone or something.
The suffix ending –able (meaning capable of) should also tell you this word is an adjective.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
If you understand that there are two
Latin roots that mean light:
luc- and lum-
you can begin to figure out some ofthe meanings of the words below. luminous lucid luminescent luminousness
illuminate luminaria translucent illumination
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
The Latin roots ‘pod’ and ‘ped’ mean foot. Knowing this, you will be able to figure out the meanings of each of these words:
podiatrist = treats foot ailments
pedestrian = person who walks
pedicure = care of the feet
pedal = lever worked by the foot
quadruped = animal with four feet
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RPDP Secondary Literacyschool.discovery.com/clipart/category/lang.html
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
It’s interesting that the word for friend
in Spanish is amigo.
Both English and Spanish share the same root:
‘am.’
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Spanish is a language that evolved from Latin over the last 2,000 years.
English borrowed thousands of words from Latin, many of them the same words that Spanish uses.
Both languages have also borrowed many words from Greek.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
English Spanishfamily familiacenter centroradio radioclass clase
desert desiertomagic magiagorilla gorila
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
English words with the same base word or root word often have related meanings. When they do, they make up what’s called a word family.
Knowing the meaning of the base word or root can help you figure out the meanings of the words in the family.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
BASE WORD
light
light
lightlightlight
en mentflood
-yearspot
BASE WORD
spect
spectspectspectspect
aclepro
in orator
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Here’s another word family that shares the Latin root pos meaning
to put or to place.
positionim pos
pos
pos
pro e
trans e
de it
pos
pos
pos
posim e
ture
itivepre ition
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
imposition = a burden or unfair demand placed on someone
impose = to place a burden or unfair demand
posture = to put or place the body in a certain position
deposit = to put or set down; to place
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Let’s stop a minute for some educational trivia about
Julius Caesar.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
We’ll be combining
prefixes and suffixes
with root words to determine
meaning.
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Improving Vocabulary:Improving Vocabulary:
• Etymology
• Root Words
• Base Words
• Cognates
• Word Families
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RPDP Secondary Literacy
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