improving wireless network performance using sensor...
TRANSCRIPT
Improving Wireless Network Performance Using Sensor Hints
Lenin Ravindranath,Calvin Newport, Hari Balakrishnan, Sam Madden MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
NSDI'11 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation 2011
Outline •Introduction
•Architecture
•Hint-aware bit rate adaptation
•Access point (AP) association
•Mobile topology maintenance
•Path selection in vehicular mesh networks
•Conclusion
Introduction(1/2) •Big Changes in Access Devices
297M smartphones sold worldwide in 2010
31% of US phone market;
50% by this year Smartphones and tablets exceeding PC sales
Introduction(2/2) •The Problem • Protocols need to adapt to different settings
-Mobility mode impacts wireless performance
• Most protocols optimized for static settings
-They perform poorly during mobility
Accelerometer
Proximity Sensor Camera
Ambient Light Sensor Microphone
GPS
Compass
Gyro
Architecture(1/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
Accelerometer
Proximity Sensor Camera
Ambient Light Sensor Microphone
GPS
Compass
Gyro
Ignored by Protocols!
Architecture(2/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
Accelerometer
GPS
Compass
Gyro
Architecture(3/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro
Hints
• Movement
• Direction
• Speed
Use hints to adapt to different mobility
modes
Architecture(4/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro
Hints
• Movement
• Direction
• Speed
Use hints to adapt to different mobility
modes differently
Architecture(5/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro Rate Adaptation Movement
Heading AP Association
Speed
Vehicular Routing
Walking
Architecture(6/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro Rate Adaptation Movement
Heading AP Association
Speed
Vehicular Routing
Walking
Topo Maintenance
Architecture(7/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro Rate Adaptation Movement
Heading AP Association
Speed
Topo Maintenance
Packet Scheduling
Power Saving
Adapt Cyclic Prefix
Network Monitoring
Speed
Walking
Location Vehicular Routing
Architecture(8/11)
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Wireless Radio
Wireless Protocol Stack
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro Rate Adaptation Movement
Heading AP Association
Speed
Vehicular Routing
Walking
Architecture(9/11)
Accl
Movement
Is the device static or moving?
Architecture(10/11)
GPS
Compass
Accl
Gyro Movement
Heading
Speed
Walking
Walking Hint
Accelerometer
Heading
Outdoor - GPS
Indoor – Compass + Gyro + Accelerometer
Speed
Outdoor - GPS
Indoor – Accelerometer
Architecture(11/11)
6 Mbps 9 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps
802.11a bit rates
Packet encoded at a particular bit rate
Rate Adaptation: Finding the best bit rate to transmit a packet
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (1/8)
RapidSample
1. When a packet fails, probability that the next few packets at the same bit rate will fail is high
Immediately reduce bit rate on packet loss
2. Coherence time of the channel is a few ms
Never retry any higher rate for this period of
time
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (2/8)
3. If the channel is not degrading
After a few successes at the current bit rate, sample higher rates that have not recently failed (in the last few milliseconds)
If we are wrong about the channel improving and the sampled higher rate fails, revert to the original rate
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (3/8)
6 Mbps 9 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps
6 Mbps 9 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps
6 Mbps 9 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps
1. After a single loss Reduce rate
2. Short history Don’t retry a any higher rate
3. Sender attempts to sample a higher bit rate After few successes, sample
higher rate not failed
If incorrect, come back to the original rate
[failed – within last 10ms]
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (4/8) RapidSample
Implementation and Evaluation
Linux (Click) Android
Movement hint
SampleRate RRAA RapidSample Hint-Aware
1000 byte packets (at a bit rate)
ACK
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (5/8)
when device is moving
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (6/8)
when static…
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (7/8)
Hint-aware bit rate adaptation (8/8)
RapidSample when moving SampleRate when static
1. Maximize throughput
File download
2. Minimize handoffs (scans)
VOIP – minimize disruptions
AP association(1/3)
1. Static – Stop Scanning 2. Walking – Scan Periodically
3. Walking to Static – Scan once
Maximize throughput
AP association(2/3)
Heading
Minimize Handoff
Training-based approach
Background Android application
Training: WiFi scans + Heading hint
Maps:<heading, AP>
AP association(3/3)
How frequently should nodes probe?
Probes
Mobile topology maintenance(1/3)
Static vs. Mobile
Mobile case requires more probes to maintain acceptable estimation error
Mobile topology maintenance(2/3)
Adaptive Probing Protocol • Adapt probing based on movement hints
• When a node is static – Probe infrequently (1 probe every 2 seconds)
• When a node is mobile – Probe frequently (10 probes every 1 seconds)
Mobile topology maintenance(3/3)
“V2V”
Path selection in vehicular mesh networks(1/2)
• Longevity of links useful – avoids expensive repairs
• Connection Time Estimate (CTE) – Use heading and speed to predict connection duration
– Link between nodes heading in the similar direction tend to last longer
– Speed is inversely correlated to connection duration
Path selection in vehicular mesh networks(2/2)
Large difference in headings predicts short-lived link
Small difference in headings predicts long-lived link
Conclusion This paper introduced a network architecture that uses
sensor hints to augment and improve wireless protocols.
The key idea is to use these hints to infer the context in
which communication is occurring, and to use that con-
text to adapt the behavior of protocols.