ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 6  2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

ÞœêŸî¦ô¢Ù tenses, î¦æ¨ Ñí£óμ«Þ¥õª àŸ«ø‹ÙÚÛë¯? Tenses ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ à¦ö° ÷³ÜuÙ. ÷ªìÚÛª tens-es ú£JÞ¥ êμLóŸªÚÛð¼ê¶ ÷ªì ÎÙÞœxÙ ö˺í£òÅ¡«ô³ù£dÙÞ¥ÑÙåªÙC. Ú¥ñæ¨d î¦æ¨E â°vÞœêŸhÞ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁî¦L.

Ïí£±pè[ª ÷ªìÙ clause, phrase õ ÞœªJÙ#êμõªú£ªÚÁò˺꟪û¦oÙ.

Before knowing about clauses and phrasesyou should remember the six classes of verbs.(6 ô¢Ú¥õ verbs Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦L).

Clause:

A clause is a group of words with a verb. (VerbÑÙè˶ í£ë] ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo clause ÍÙæ°Ùz.eg: a) If he comes here b) When he arrived here c) I know the subject, etc.

Each group of words here has a verb. In a) the verb is comes, in b) it is came and in c)it is know. Such groups of words are clauses.(Ïö°Ùæ¨ í£ë] ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo clause ÍÙæ°Ù.zPhrase:

A phrase is a group of words without a verb(verb ö˶E í£ë]ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo phrase ÍÙæ°Ùz. eg: Inthe evening, outside home, going out to dinner,etc. In all these groups of words, there are noverbs. Such groups of words are PHRASES.

There are two types of clauses s·ôÙè[ª ô¢Ú¥õclauses ÑÙæ°ô³.z: 1) The main clause and

2) The subordinate clause. A main clause is a clause with complete

meaning (í£²Jh Íô¦–Eoà¶a clause ìª main clauseÍÙæ°Ù.zeg: If he comes here, his mother will be happy.

Here there are two clauses: a) If he comeshere and b) his mother will be happy. Inthese two clauses, ‘If he comes here,’ hasno complete meaning. This is a SUBOR-DINATE CLAUSE. His mother will behappy – this clause has complete meaning.So this is a MAIN CLAUSE.A phrase is a group of words without a

verb, washing clothes, outside the school, theletter written by him – these are all groups ofwords without verbs. So they are all phrases.

A conditional clause is a clause expressinga condition sù£ô¢êŸªìª êμL›í clause ìª condi-tional clause ÍÙæ°Ùz. Usually these clausesbegin with if, when, where, before, after etc.Examples of conditional clauses:a) If he comes here (ÍêŸEÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷›úh) b) Where there is a will s÷ªìú£ªìo àÁåz

c) When he comes here sÍêŸEÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷#aìí£±pè[ªzd) Before she goes there sÎîμª ÍÚÛ\è…Ú¨ î�μü™x

÷³Ùë]ªze) After she comes here, etc. sÎîμª ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷#aì

êŸô¦yêŸz

IMPORTANT:

No future tense in the conditional clause(ù£ô¢êŸªìª êμL›í clauses ö˺ future tense ÑÙè[ë]ªz.That is, verbs in the clauses beginning with thewords above and expressing conditions cannotbe in the future tense. It means that we shouldnot use ‘will, shall’ in conditional clauses.

Examples:

1) Before she will go out she will finish all thework (Wrong because, ‘Before she will goout’ is a conditional clause, so the verb in itshould be in the present tense)

Correct: Before she goes out, she will finishall the work. 2) If he will come here, his mother will be

happy (Wrong – W). If he comes here, hismother will be happy (Right – R).

3) Unless he will know you, he will not talk toyou (W). Unless he knows you he will nottalk to you (R).

4) Only after the doctor will examine you, hewill prescribe medicines. (W). Only afterthe doctor examines you he will prescribemedicines (R).

5) Until the Chief Guest will come, the func-tion will not begin (W). Until the ChiefGuest comes, the function will not begin(R). Ð Nù£óŸªÙ à¦ö° â°vÞœêŸhÞ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦L.

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Î clauses ö˺ future ÑÙè[ë]ª!

Imran, KothagudemQ: Sir, please clarify the following doubts.1. Retrospective/ tively – Please explain.2. How safety is your account? - Please say in Telugu.3. One act play – What we call this in Telugu?A: 1) Retrospective / ly = from sometime in the past till now. 2) It is not ‘How safety is your account?’ It is ‘How safe is your ccount?’

sOª ÍÚ˽ÙæÀ í£CõÙÞ¥û¶ ÑÙë¯?z 3) ÔÚ¥ÙÚ¨ÚÛ

1. Intercept = to catch something or someonebefore that thing or person reaches a partic-ular place. sÞœ÷«uEÚ¨ î�μü™x ÷³Ùë]ª ÖÚÛJEΛíóŸªè[Ùz eg: They intercepted the informa-tion sent by the enemies to their friends.

` Intercept X Allow / forward sÍìª÷ªAÙàŸè[Ù/í£Ùí‡ÙàŸè[Ùz eg: They allowed / forwarded themessage to reach the person who it was sentto.

2. Curt = Appearing rude because of the verybrief answers a person gives sà¦ö° ÷³ÚÛhú£JÞ¥,ÍÞ½ô¢÷ÙÞ¥ àμí£pè[Ùz. eg: The police officerwas very curt when we approached him forinformation s÷³ Î ð¼Múà ÍCÅÚ¥JEÚÛõªú£ªÚÛªìoí£±pè[ª, ÎóŸªì ÷³ÚÛhú£JÞ¥, ÍÞ½ô¢÷ÙÞ¥ú£÷«ëůû¦õª àμð§pè[ªz

` Curt X polite s÷ªô¦uë]ÚÛô¢ÙÞ¥z. eg: The policeofficer was very polite and helpful when wewanted information from him about ourmissing child.

3. Propagate = Spread a message, idea orbelief among a number of people sví£à¦ô¢Ùà¶óŸªè[Ùz. eg: He propagated his religionamong the people in that village.

` Propagate X Conceal së¯àŸè[Ùz. eg: Theyconcealed the secret among themselves. sÎô¢ï£°þ§uEo î¦üŒx ë]Þœ_¸ô ÑÙàŸªÚÛªû¦oô¢ªz

4. Repeal = (A government) Withdraw a ruleor a law sví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙ à¶ú‡ì àŸæ°dEoÑí£ú£ÙJÙàŸªÚÁ÷è[Ùz. eg: After a long time,the government repealed the law banningbetting on games.

` Repeal X Approval sÍìª÷ªAÙàŸè[Ùz. eg: Thegovernment agreed to the approval of thenew law.

5. Sting = An insect causing a sharp pain bybiting a person s򴌻 î�¶óŸªè[Ùz. eg:Mosquitoes stung the child all over thebody, and the child fell ill.

` Sting X heal (ìóŸª÷ª÷è[Ù). eg: The doctorhealed the mosquito bite of the child.

Grammar & Usage

VOCABULARY

P. Madhu, Kurnool

Q: ú£ôÂ, Ú¨Ùë] ›íô•\ìo êμõªÞœª î¦Ú¥uõÚÛª ú£·ôjìÏÙTxùà î¦Ú¥uõª ÔN? î¦æ¨ö˺ ÔC ÚÛ·ôÚÂd? ÔCêŸí£±p? N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.

1. û¶ìª ÚÛñ膓 û¶Jpþ§hìª Në¯uô¢ª–õÚÛª (students)a) I will have the students learn kabaddi.b) I will make the students learn kabaddi.

2. Oªô¢ª í£Jtù£û ϛúh ÷« Në¯uô¢ª–õêÁ (students)û¶ìª demo Ïí‡pþ§hìª

a) If you give me permission, I will have mystudents give a demo.

b) If you give me permission, I will have mystudents to give a demo/ I will make mystudents give a demo.

3. None of the minutes was wasted.None of the time was wasted.

4. I would like to take long leaves from 10-05-18 to 23-05-2018. Somebody said to me thatlong leaves is wrong. Why it is wrong sir?Please explain.

A: 1) I will teach kabaddi to students / I willteach the students kabaddi - this is betterand simpler than I will have the studentslearn/ I will make the students learnkabaddi.

2) If you give me the permission I will havemy students give a demo. (Not, to give)

3) ‘None of’, usually takes a plural verb. Noneof the minutes were wasted – correct. But‘time’ being singular, none of the time waswasted is preferable.

4) Leave is both singular and plural, so‘leaves’ is wrong.

990

G. BalajiQ: Respected sir, please explain the differ-

ences between the following words.1. Hotel, motel 2. Leave, holiday3. Men, gentlemen4. Going, heading5. Shopping, window shopping

A: 1) A hotel is a place where you can lodge,and eat food, but your car has to beparked in the common parking area. Amotel, on the contrary is a place whereyou can park your car right in front ofyour room.

2) Leave is a period for which you apply andget permission from the authorities,because you have some important work.Holiday on the other hand, is a day onwhich everybody in an office or establish-ment need not attend office. For examplewe have Sankranthi, Deepavali holidays,which are given to all the employees. A

holiday may also mean a long period oftime employees get in some companies fora long time.

3) Men refers to all men, whereas a gentlemanrefers to a person who has good behaviour.A gentleman may sometimes refer to a per-son of any kind of behaviour.

4) Going means going to a place, whereas,heading means going to a particular place.

5) Shopping is buying things in a shopwhether you need them or don’t whereaswindow shopping is looking at the showcases in the shop and not buying anything.

S. Abdul Raqeeb, KadapaQ: Sir, please explain, what are the uses of

"Apostrophe" in English and where wehave to use it?

A: An apostrophe indicates somebody havingsomething. eg: John’s pen = Pen belong-ing to John. In the case of a plural noun,which ends with s, the apostrophe is usedafter s. eg: Boys’ hostel = A hostel forboys. In the case of men, women, children,etc., where the plural does not end with s,the apostrophe is placed before s. eg:Men’s clothes. An apostrophe may also beused sometimes where a letter is omitted.eg: Do not = Don’t.

- M. Suresan

Writer

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ, Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,

Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 13  2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

T. Ramesh, TadipatriQ: ú£ôÂ, ì÷ª›úh. Ú¨ÙCî¦æ¨E êμõªÞœªö˺ êμLí‡, ÍN

vÞ¥÷ªôÂö˺ Ô ð§ôÂdÚÛª ú£ÙñÙCÅÙ#ìîËÁ N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.1. To infinitive 2. Non- infinitive 3. Transitive 4. Intransitive5. Predicate 6. Non – defining clauseA: Ð ‘to infinitive’ ÍÙç˶ to+1st Doing word:

ÏC finite verb Ú¥ë]ª, DEo non-finite verbÍÙæ°ô¢ª. ÍÙç˶ ÏC ÑìoÙêŸ ÷«vê¦ì î¦ÚÛuÙí£²ô¢h÷yë]ª. Ñë¯: to go, to come, to sing, etc.DEÚ¨ ÷´è[ª Íô¦–õª ÷þ§hô³. az î�μüŒxè[Ù, ô¦÷åÙ,ð§è[åÙ etc.

eg: 1. a) To go there in the hot sun is difficult= ÏÙêŸ ÓÙè[ö˺ ÍÚÛ\è…Ú¨ î�μüŒxè[Ù ÚÛù£dÙ.

b) î�μü°xõE, Aû¦õE, àŸë]î¦õE: I want to go home= û¶ìª ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ î�μü°xõE ÍìªÚÛªÙåªû¦oìª.

c) î�μüŒxæ°EÚ¨, Aìæ°EÚ¨, àŸ«è[æ°EÚ¨. He came hereto meet me = ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÍêŸìª ììªo ÚÛõ÷è¯EÚ¨÷à¦aè[ª. H She came here to eat the cake =Îîμª ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ¸ÚÚÛª Aû¶Ùë]ªÚÛª ÷#aÙC.

2. Non-infinitive Íû¶C ö˶ë]ª.3. Transitive verb sÍÙç˶z object (ÚÛô¢t) Ñìo verb.

He bought a pen yesterday = ÍêŸìª Eìošíû ڕû¦oè[ª. ë¶Eo/ Ó÷JE ÍE ví£øŒo î�¶ú£ªÚÛªÙç˶ú£÷«ëůìÙ ÷à¶a verb ìª transitive verbÍÙæ°Ù. ë¶Eo Ú•û¦oè[ª? Íû¶ ví£øŒoÚÛª, šíû Íû¶ú£÷«ëůìÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. ÏÚÛ\è[ Ð verb transitive.

Íë¶ object (ÚÛô¢t) ö˶E verb ìª intransitiveverb ÍÙæ°Ù.

4) Intransitive verb ÍÙç˶ object (ÚÛô¢t) ö˶E verb.eg: He came here yesterday. ÏÚÛ\è[ verb came =

÷à¦aè[ª. ë¶Eo ÷à¦aè[ª, Ó÷JE/ ë¶Eo Íû¶ví£øŒoõÚÛª ÏÚÛ\è[ ú£÷«ëůìÙ ô¦ë]ª. ÍÙë]ªÚÛEcome intransitive verb.

5) Predicate ÍÙç˶ sentence ö˺ subject ìª B›úú‡ìêŸô¦yêŸ NªÞœê¦ òÅ°Þ¥Eo predicate ÍÙæ°Ù.

eg: Rama killed Ravana. Ð î¦ÚÛuÙö˺, RamaÍû¶C ú£òËμbÚÛªd, ÓÙë]ªÚÛÙç˶ sentence ‘Rama’ ìªÞœªJÙ# àμñªê¦Ù. Ú¥ñæ¨d. Killed Ravana Íû¶sentence òŰޜ٠predicate.

6) A non-defining relative clause: clause ÍÙç˶êμõªú£ª ÚÛë¯? Verb ÑÙè˶ ú£÷³ë¯óŸ«Eo clauseÍÙæ°Ù. ÖÚÛ î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ Íë]ìí£± ú£÷«à¦ô¢Ù Ï÷yEclause ìª non-defining relative clauseÍÙæ°Ù.

eg: My grandfather, who is 65 years old, goesswimming every day. ÏÚÛ\è[ ‘who is sixtyfive years old’ Íû¶C non-defining relativeclause – ÓÙë]ªÚÛÙç˶ Ð clause ìª B›úú‡û¦,î¦ÚÛuÙ Íô¦–EÚ¨ šíë]Ì ìù£dÙ ÑÙè[ë]ª.

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Verb ÑÙè˶ ú£÷³ë¯óŸªÙ..?

G. Narmada, Peddapappuru

Q: þ§ôÂ, Ú¨Ùë] ›íô•\ìo î¦Ú¥uõÚÛª êμõªÞœªö˺ Íô¢–Ù N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.1. Think critically (offer multiple points of view) to answer the ques-

tions the teacher asks you. 2. As you all know, your English textbook is student friendly and

interactive in nature.A: 1. N÷ªô¢)û¦êŸtÚÛÙÞ¥ Îö˺#Ù# Oª æ©àŸô Íè…¸Þ ví£øŒoõÚÛª ú£÷«ëůìÙ Ï÷±y.2. Oª ÍÙë]JÚ© êμLú‡ìåªd, Oª ÎÙÞœx ò˺ëÅ]û¦ í£±ú£hÚÛÙ Në¯uô¢ª–õÚÛª ú£EoêŸÙÞ¥,

í£ô¢ú£pô¢Ù àŸJaÙàŸªÚÛªû¶ ú£yòÅ°÷ÙêÁ ÑÙåªÙC.

In the last lesson we have seen Tenses andConditional Clauses. Now we are going to seevoices, that is, active and passive voices.(Ïí£±pè[ª ÷ªìÙ active, passive voices ÞœªJÙ#êμõªú£ªÚÁò˺꟪û¦oÙ.) Except in imperative sen-tences, a verb can be changed into passivevoice only if it has an object, that is, only if itis a transitive verb (Îá‘õª, Ná‘í£±hõª ඛú î¦Ú¥uö˺xêŸí£p ÷ªìÙ ÖÚÛ verb ìª active ìªÙ# passive ÚÛª÷«ô¦aõÙç˶, ë¯EÚ¨ object (ÚÛô¢t) ÑÙè¯LqÙë¶. Whenwe change the voices of the verbs, we don’tchange the tense of the verb. Either in activeor in passive voice the tense remains the same.(Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ voices õª ÖÚÛë¯E ìªÙ#ÏÙÚÁ ë¯EÚ¨ ÷«¸ôaåí£±pè[ª, verb tenses ÷«ô¢aÙ)

In the active voice we say, somebody /something does something, but in the passivevoice we say, something is done by somebody.(Active voice ö˺ ÖÚÛô¢ª ÖÚÛ í£E à¶ø‹ô¢ª ÍE

àμñªê¦Ù, Ú¥F passive voice ö˺ ÖÚÛJà¶êŸ ÖÚÛí£Eà¶óŸªñè…ÙC ÍE àμñªê¦Ù) We have already seenthat if the verb is a ‘be’ form + Past participle(V3), it is in the passive voice. In all othercases it is in the active voice. It is important foryou to remember that only verbs with objects(except in imperative sentences – sentencesgiving orders, permissions, etc.) have passivevoices. Look at the following table: (÷³ÜuÙÞ¥Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ: Îá‘õª, Nìoð§õª êμL›íî¦Ú¥uö˺x êŸí£p, NªÞœê¦ î¦Ú¥uö˺x verb ÚÛª ÚÛô¢t ÑÙç˶û¶,passive voice ÑÙåªÙC. í£æd̈ÚÛìª àŸ«è[Ùè….z

Please note that present perfect continu-ous (has / have been taking), past perfect con-tinuous (had been taking), future continuous(will / shall be taking) and future perfect con-tinuous tenses (will have been taking / shallhave been taking) do not have passive voices.

Remember this table accurately. It willbe very useful for you. We will continue voic-es in the next lesson.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

S.No ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

I, we, you, they take/ he, she, it takes

I am taking / he, she, it is taking/

we, you, they are taking

I, we, you, they have taken; He, she, ithas taken

Took

Was taking / were taking

Had taken

Will take / shall take

Will have taken / Shall have taken

(I) Am taken (He/ she/ it) is taken/

(we/ you/ they/) are taken

I am being taken / He, she, it is being taken/we, you, they are being taken

I, we, you and they have been taken / He, she, it has been taken

Was taken / were taken

(I, he, she, it) was being taken / (we, you,

they) were being taken

Had been taken (For all subjects)

Will be taken / shall be taken (all subjects)

Will have been taken / shall have been

taken (All subjects)

Grammar & Usage

- M. Suresan

Writer

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

Vasu DevQ: Sir, please explain about the following

words in English.a) à¶óŸ«LqÙC/ à¶óŸ«LqÙC Ú¥ë]ªb) ÑÙè¯LqÙC/ ÑÙè¯LqÙC Ú¥ë]ªc) ô¦î¦LqÙC/ ô¦î¦LqÙC Ú¥ë]ªd) î�μü°xLqÙC/ î�μü°xLqÙC Ú¥ë]ªfor example 1) û¶ìª college Ú¨ î�μRx ÑÙè¯LqÙC2) û¶ìª college ö˺ ÑÙè¯LqÙC Ú¥ë]ª3) î¦è[ª î�μü°xLqÙC Ú¥ë]ª movie Ú¨A: a) He should have done it / He should not

have done it.

b) It should have been here / it should nothave been here

c) It should have come/It should not havecome.

d) He / she / it should have gone / He / she /it should not have gone.

eg: 1) I should have gone /I should not havegone to the college

2. He should not have gone to the movie.

G. Bhargav, Mallapuram

Q: Sir, please translate the following intoTelugu with some examples.

1. Literary devices: Tools used by the author toenliven and provide voice to the writing. Eg:dialogue, alliteration

A: Device means a method of doing some-thing. Literary device means a method ofdoing something in literature (þ§ï‡°êŸuÙö˺î¦è˶ í£ë]ÌÄ꟪õìª literary devices ÍÙæ°Ù). Twoof the devices used by writers are to enliv-en their writing (vÞœÙëÇ] ô¢àŸô³êŸõª êŸ÷ªô¢àŸìõÚÛª @÷Ù ÚÛLpÙà¶Ùë]ªÚÛª ·ôÙè[ª í£ë]ÌÄ꟪õìªî¦è[ê¦ô¢ª). Dialogue = û¦åÚÛÙö˺ޥF, ì÷õö˺xÞ¥F ð§vêŸõ ÷ªëÅ]u ú£ÙòÅ°ù£éìª dialogue ÍÙæ°Ù.

Alliteration: Using words that begin withthe same sound. (Ö¸Ú øŒñÌÄÙêÁ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡÷ªó¶ªu÷«åõìª î¦è[åÙ alliteration ÍÙæ°Ù) Eg:Round and round the rugged rascal ran. Yousee here that all the words begin with thesound ‘r’ – this is a figure of speech (ÍõÙÚ¥ô¢Ù)called alliteration.

991

1. Deficit = Money spent is more than themoney received (Ú•ô¢êŸ).eg: I am facing a deficit of more thanRs10,000/- for buying that car.

F Deficit X Surplus (Íë]ìÙ) = More moneythan is needed. eg: He has a lot of surplus money that hedoes not know how to spend.

2. Sanctity = Holiness (í£NvêŸêŸ). eg: They spoiled the sanctity of the temple

by throwing pieces of meat in it.F Sanctity X Impiety (òÅ¡Ú¨hö˶EêŸìÙ).

eg: They disregard God as they are full ofimpiety.

3. Tempt = Attract a person to do somethingevil (ví£ö˺òÅ¡šíådè[Ù). eg: The group of drinking people tempted

him also to drink and he gave in(Öí£±pÚÁ÷åÙ)

F Tempt X Resist (EôÁCÅÙàŸè[Ù). eg: He resisted the offer of a drink as he

does not drink at all.4. Boast = Talk highly of oneself / feeling

proud of oneself (êŸ÷ªìª ÞœªJÙ# ê¦î¶ª Þ•í£põªàμí£±pÚÁ÷è[Ù). eg: He boasts a lot of his ability to do great

things.

F Boast X Modesty (Eô¦è[Ùñô¢êŸyÙ). eg: He is quite modest though he is great.

5. Hike = Walk about (for pleasure or exer-cise) (It has other meanings too) (ú£ô¢ë¯Þ¥ ÖÚÛàÁæ¨Ú¨ ìè…# î�μüŒxè[Ù). eg: During holidays he and his friend hiked

to the mountains. F Hike X Halt.

eg: After hiking for a long distance, theyhalted at a hotel.

VOCABULARY

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ, Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,

Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 20  2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

M. Kamu, Thimmanacheruvu

Q: Sir, please explain about Phonetics withTelugu examples and let me know thepoints to remember while changing fromActive Voice to Passive Voice. sóŸ«Ú¨dîËÂî¦ô³úà ìªÙ# ð§ú‡îË î¦ô³úÃö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaåí£±pè[ªÔó¶ª ÍÙø‹õª Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦L?z

A: Please wait for some time for explanationof phonetics. Active and passive voice arebeing explained now.

Q: Ú¨ÙC í£ë¯õÚÛª Íô¦–õª N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.KipZen

A: Kip = 1) the hide (skin) of a young animal2) sleep or a nap 3) weight equal to 1000 pounds 4) a dirty place

Zen = No meaning for this. A kind ofBuddhism followed by the Japanese. Q: î¦ô¢ª î¦ìö˺ êŸè…ú‡ð¼óŸ«ô¢ª - Please say in

English.A: They were drenched in rain.

M. Sunanda Q: Hello sir, I am Sunanda doing my BTech.

Now I am going to 3rd year. I didn't have atleast basic communication skills. From 3rdyear 1st sem, I have English lab there Ishould participate in all tasks like, Groupdiscussions, JAMs, Seminars, so that, Imust need to improve my skills sir. Pleasehelp me to learn English sir. If it is possi-ble, please provide notes and suggestions.Actually, I love to learn English. I am fromTelugu medium background.

A: First of all understand the differencebetween I don’t have and I didn’t have. Idon’t have = Now you don’t have. I didn’thave = you did not have it in the past. Nowto improve your English language skills,first start reading the news paper (English)for at least 30 minutes. Secondly listen toEnglish News Telecasts once in the morn-ing, and once in the evening. While read-ing the English Newspaper do not look upthe dictionary for meanings. After complet-ing reading the news paper if you remem-ber any words refer to the dictionary fortheir meanings. Same is the case with TVnews telecasts too. Look up the dictionaryonly after listening to them. Read short sto-ries too. This is the best way for you tolearn English.

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

ÏÙTxùÃö˺ cÞœõÞœõe ÑÙè[ë¯...?

Srinivas K

Q: Dear sir, I've heard the below sentence in cricket commentary.'All he can do is to watch sail over'.

My question is what kind of sentence is this?Please explain it broadly.

A: The sentence is incorrect. H ‘The correct sentence is: All he can do is to sail over = All he can

do is to overcome the trouble, that is, ‘All he can do is to succeedover the trouble.’

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992

1. Saucy = Rude and showing no respectsÍ÷ªô¦uë]ÚÛô¢ ví£÷ô¢hìz

eg: He behaves in a saucy manner and peoplehate him for that.

Saucy X Polite (÷ªô¦uë] Ñìo). eg: In spite of her high position, she is very

polite and respects everybody.2. Offspring = a person’s children (singular –

offspring, plural also offspring - ú£ÙêŸA) eg: The couple has two offspring Offspring X parent / forefather. sêŸLxë]Ùvè[ªõª,í£²KyÚÛªõªzeg: He/ she is the parent of the three offspring. 3. Expertise = Having or showing a lot of

knowledge of something sÖÚÛ Nù£óŸªÙ ÞœªJÙ#ò°Þ¥ êμLú‡ ÑÙè[åÙz

eg: His expertise in handling the machines isunbeatable.

Expertise X Ineptitude (lack of skill) sûμjí£±éuÙö˶EêŸìÙz4. Grief = Sorrow (ë]ªlÜÙ). eg: The death of her son put her to great grief Grief X Joy (ú£ÙêÁù£Ù).

eg: She was full of joy at her son’s success inthe exam.

5. Dank = (especially of buildings) wet andcold (÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ òÅ¡÷û¦õ Nù£óŸªÙ – êŸè…Þ¥, àŸLÞ¥ÑÙè[åÙz.

eg: The building being near the sea was dankand unpleasant.

Dank X Dry (ð»è…Þ¥ ÑÙè[åÙz. eg: The building was clean and dry.

VOCABULARY

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ, Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,

Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

In the last lesson we have seen the activeand passive forms of a verb. We have alsonoticed that when we change the voice of averb, the tense does not change.

Now we are going to see some examples ofchange of voice of the verb.

Note: A statement / question / order / excla-mation in Active voice has the same type ofsentence in the Passive voice too. Look at thefollowing:

Grammar & Usage

S.No ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

1. Present simple: I/ we/ you/ they eat an apple every day. An apple is eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ him/ her/ Statement He/ she/ it eats an apple every day. it every day.

Present Continuous I am, he/ she/ it is, we/ you/they are eating an apple now An apple is being eaten by me/ her/ it/ us/ you/ them now

Present Perfect I/ we/ you/ they have eaten an apple; An apple has been eaten by me/ us/ them/ him/ her /it. he/ she/ it has eaten an apple

2. Question Do I/ we/ you/ they eat an apple every day? Is an apple eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ him/ her/ Does he/ she/ it eat an apple every day? it every day?

3. Order Eat that apple. Let the apple be eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ he/ she/ it

4. Exclamation How many apples I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ How many apples are eaten by me/ you/ him/ they eat every day! her/ it/ us/ them!

5. Past Simple I/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they ate an apple last night An apple was eaten by me/ him/ her/ it/ us/ you/ themlast night.

6. Past continuous I/ he/ she/ it was eating an apple, An apple was being eaten by me/ us/ them/we/ you/ they were eating an apple last night him/ her/ last night.

7. Past Perfect I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it/ had eaten An apple had been eaten by me/ us/ you/ them/ him/ an apple last night her/ it last night.

Type of sentence

- M. Suresan

Writer

K. Viswanath, Hosagudem

Q: ú£ôÂ, ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Q êŸô¦yêŸ ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ U î¦è¯ö°?Q êŸô¦yêŸ U ö˶E í£ë¯õª ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Ñû¦oóŸ«?

A: As far as English is concerned, strictlyspeaking, there are no native Englishwords, in which ‘q’ is not followed by ‘u’.In certain games like Scrabble, however,‘q’ is not followed by ‘u’.

Q: ú£ôÂ, ÞœõÞœõ, àŸÚÛàŸÚÛ, êŸüŒêŸüŒ ö°Ùæ¨ í£ë¯õÚÛªÎÙÞœxÙö˺ ú£·ôjì Íìªî¦ë¯õª ÑÙæ°óŸ«? Ïö°Ùæ¨î¦æ¨E ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Ô÷ªÙæ°ô¢ª?

A: Gala, gala (ÞœõÞœõ) in Telugu can be rough-ly translated into English as a rattlingsound. Chakaa, chakaa, means very fastand brisk. Thala, thala (êŸüŒ, êŸüŒ) in Englishis glittering. However, there are no repeti-tive sounds for them.

Q: A, E, I, O, U ö˶E í£ë¯õª Ú•EoÙæ¨E êμõí£Ùè….A: The words which do not have a,e,i,o and u

are, by, lynx, dry, fly, fry, cry, pry, gym,

bala.potti1964@gmail.com

Q: Sir, ôÁù£Ù - what it is called in English?î¦è…Ú¨ ôÁù£Ù ÓÚÛª\÷ n Please translate intoEnglish.

A: Anger, wrath, irritation – these are thewords for ôÁù£Ù. He has too much of irrita-tion.

Order: Active voice Order: Passive Voice

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 27  2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

Murder is killing somebody for..

A. Nagarjuna, Narpala

Q: Sir, we are pride to be an Indians – Is this correct?

A: This is wrong. The correct form is: We are proud to be Indians.

Q: Sir, voiced, voiceless letters ÍÙç˶ ÔNªæ¨? ÍN ÔN? N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.A: Voiced consonants are consonants which when we pronounce we

add voice to them. eg: b, d, g are voiced consonants.

Voiceless consonants are those which when we pronounce we don’t

add voice to them. eg: k, ch, t, etc.

993

Mastan Vali

Q: Sir, could you please explain about kinds ofphrases?

A: A phrase is a group of words without averb. There are 8 kinds of phrases. Theyare...

1) Noun phrases. eg: The confused student, theunfortunate girl, the beautiful building.

2) The verb phrases: eg: Waiting for the sun toset, upset when his friend did not meet him,enjoy the dinner, etc.

3) Gerund (verbal noun) phrase: eg: Taking outmy son for a walk, having a dinner at arestaurant, etc.

4) Infinitive phrases: To go home, to watch amovie, etc.

5) Appositive phrases: eg: My father, a doctor,My daughter, my beloved,

6) Participial phrases: eg: Walking stick,washed clothes, serving all the people there.

7) Prepositional phrases: eg: On the table, at

school, by now, etc. 8. Absolute phrases: picnic basket, his fingers

hurt, his shirt torn, etc. These are the different kinds of phrases.

However, to be able to talk English freely, youneed not know all these things.

M. Surya Gangeya, Oteru

Q: Respected sir, please explain the differences with details for the followingwords.

1) Home - House2) Advice - Suggestion3) Murder - Assassination4) Advocate - Lawyer5) Airport - Aerodrome6) Cinema talkies - Cinema Theatre7) Cycle - Bicycle8) Lady – Woman

A: 1) Home is a place where you live withyour family. eg: My books are at home.

H A house is any building where people live,or business is done.

2) Advice is stronger than suggestion. Whenyou advise someone, you tell them stronglyto do something. But when you suggestsomething, you tell them to do somethingand leave it at that.

3) Murder is killing somebody for personalreasons. Assassination is a murder for polit-ical reasons. eg: Nathuram Godse assassi-nated Gandhi.

4) Very little between the two. A lawyer is onewho has studied law and takes up cases. Anadvocate on the other hand is a lawyer whoargues on behalf of his client, and supportshim.

5) No difference between the two. Old usage isaerodrome, and new usage is airport.

6) Cinema actually refers to the film which isshown in a theatre/ hall. A Cinema talkies/a cinema theatre is where cinemas areshown.

7) No difference between the two. 8) Any ordinary woman is a woman. A lady, on

the other hand, is a highly respectable lady,

coming from an upper class family.However, the difference is gradually disap-pearing.

Venkataramana Vadla

Q: Sir please give the meanings and examplesof the following phrases:

1) So far as may be 2) While doing so 3) In such manner as may be prescribed 4) By any refusal of

A: 1) Limiting the provisions of law to certaincases (So far as may be, he may be, hisproperty may be taken over).

2) While doing something in a particular man-ner eg: While doing so, he was knocked down

by a lorry. 3) In a way somebody decides (This must be

done as the court may decide) 4) Not agreeing to do something (eg: By his

refusal to follow the court order, he was putin jail).

In the last lesson we have seen the trans-formation of verbs into passive voice in thepresent and the past tenses. s÷ªìÙ Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ð§ôÈ¢Ùö˺ present tense, past tense õìª passivevoice ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù àŸ«ø‹Ù.z Now we are goingto see the transformation of verbs in the futuretense sÏí£±pè[ª future tense verbs ìª passivevoice ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù àŸ«è[ò˺꟪û¦oÙz.ALWAYS REMEMBER: When we changethe voices of verbs, the tense and the form ofthe sentence does not change (statement, ques-tion, order, and exclamation). sÏCÞœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁ÷è[Ù à¦ö° ÷³ÜuÙ: ÷ªìÙ verb õìªactive ìªÙ# passive ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaåí£±pè[ª î¦æ¨ tens-es ÷«ô¢÷±. ·ôÙèÁC, î¦æ¨ structure, ÍÙç˶ state-ment, question, order, exclamation – Ïî�¶Oª÷«ô¢÷±z.

Now, let us look at the change of voices inthe future tenses sÏí£±pè[ª future tenses ìª activeìªÙ# passive ö˺ڨ Óö° ÷«ô¦aö˺ àŸ«ë¯ÌÙ.z

Remember: The future continuous and thefuture perfect continuous tenses do not havepassive voices. (Future continuous tense ÚÛª,future perfect continuous tense ÚÛª passive voiceÑÙè[ë]ªz. Also remember: that in the present dayEnglish, not much difference is made between‘will’ and ‘shall’. sví£ú£ªhêŸ ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ will ÚÛª, shallÚÛª, ÍÙêŸÞ¥ ê¶è¯ ð§æ¨ÙàŸè[Ù ö˶ë]ª n ÓÚÛª\÷ àÁåx will û¶ î¦è[ªêŸªû¦oô¢ª). Now look at the followingtable:

Grammar & Usage

S.No TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

1. Future Simple I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they will It will be done/ shall be donedo/ shall do it. by me/ you/ us/ him/ her/ it/ themsû¶ìª/ ÷³/ ìª÷±y/ Oªô¢ª/ ÍêŸè[ª/ sÍC û¦ à¶êŸ/ F à¶êŸ/ ÷« à¶êŸ/ ÍêŸè… Îîμª/ ÍC/ î¦ô¢ª à¶þ§hô¢ªz à¶êŸ/ Îîμª à¶êŸ/ ë¯E à¶êŸ à¶óŸªñè[ªêŸªÙC

n òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺z

2. Future Perfect I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they It will /shall have been done bywill have done/ shall have done it me/ us/ you/ him/ her/ it sû¶ìª/ ÷³/ ìª÷±y/ Oªô¢ª/ Îîμª/ sÍC û¦ à¶êŸ/ F à¶êŸ/ Oª à¶êŸ/÷« à¶êŸ/ ÍêŸè[ª/ ÍC à¶óŸªñè… ÑÙåªÙC n ÍêŸè… à¶êŸ/ Îîμª à¶êŸ/ë¯E à¶êŸ/ ÷ªì òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺z à¶êŸ/ î¦üŒx à¶êŸ à¶óŸªñè… ÑÙåªÙC.

òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺ ÷ªìÙ ÍìªÚÛªìo ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺z

So you have seen how the future simple and the future perfect tenses are changed into passive voice. Oæ¨E ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁÙè….- M. Suresan

Writer

1. Visible = Able to be seen sàŸ«è[ÞœLTìzeg: The hill is visible from the third storey

of my home. s÷« ÏÙæ¨ ÷´èÁ ÍÙêŸú£ªhìªÙ# Î Ú•Ùè[ ÚÛEí‡ú£ªhÙCz

Visible X Invisible (Not seen – àŸ«è[ö˶E/ÚÛìí£è[Ez

eg: God is invisible. së¶÷±è[ª ÚÛEí‡ÙàŸè[ªz2. Audible = Able to be heard sNEí‡Ùà¶z

eg: The teacher’s voice is very audible, sothe students like him a lot sÎ æ©àŸôÂÞ•Ù꟪ ò°Þ¥ NEí‡ú£ªhÙC, ÍÙë]ªÚÛE Në¯uô¢ª–õªÎóŸªìªo Ïù£dí£è[ê¦ô¢ªz

Audible X Inaudible (Not heard - NEí‡ÙàŸEzeg: The teacher’s voice is inaudible, and

the students keep making noises in theclass. sÎ æ©àŸô ޕÙ꟪ Nìí£è[ë]ª, ÍÙë]ªÚÛENë¯uô¢ª–õª Ú¥xú£ªö˺ Þ•è[÷ à¶ú£ªhÙæ°ô¢ªz

3. Conspicuous = Noticeable (in a way thatis not wanted – ví£ú£ªpÄåÙÞ¥ ÚÛEí‡Ùà¶, Íô³ê¶Íö° ÚÛEí‡ÙàŸè[Ù Ïù£dÙ ÑÙè[ë]ªz.eg: He was conspicuous on the stage,

though his presence was not neededthere. sÍêŸè[ª ô¢ÙÞœú£–õÙ Oªë] ú£pù£dÙÞ¥ÚÛEí‡þ§hè[ª, ÍêŸè… ÑEÚ¨ ÍÚÛ\è[ Í÷ú£ô¢Ùö˶ÚÛð¼ô³û¦z

Conspicuous X Hidden së¯Tì/ ÚÛìí£è[Ezeg: He was hidden behind the curtains as

he knew he would be arrested sÍêŸè[ªÍ·ôú£ªd à¶óŸªñè[ê¦è[ª Ú¥ñæ¨d êμô¢ î�μìÚÛë¯ÚÛª\û¦oè[ªz

4. Ruffian = A violent, wild and unpleasantperson sîμ«åªÞ¥, ë]ªô¦tô¢_ÙÞ¥ ÑÙè˶ ÷uÚ¨hz.eg: The people in that area are mostly ruf-

fians sÎ vð§ÙêŸÙö˺ Ñìo ví£áõª à¦ö°÷ªÙCë]ªô¦tô¢ª_ö˶z

Ruffian X A good person s÷ªÙ#î¦üŒ‰xzeg: This class is full of good boys and girls.

sÐ êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ò°õªô¢ª, ò°LÚÛõª ÷ªÙ#î¦ü™xz5. Prevent = Stop something from happening

sÔëμjû¦ áô¢ÞœÚÛªÙè¯ Íè[“TÙàŸè[Ùzeg: The doctor’s timely arrival prevented

the patient from dying sè¯ÚÛdô ú£÷ªóŸ«EÚ¨ô¦÷è[Ù ÍêŸè…E à¦÷± ìªÙ# Íè[“TÙ#ÙCz

Prevent X Allow sú£÷ªtAÙàŸè[Ùzeg: The father allowed his sons to buy the

toys. sî¦üŒx û¦ìo î¦üŒxìª Îå ÷ú£ªh÷±õªÚ•û¶Ùë]ªÚÛª ú£÷ªtAÙà¦è[ªz.

VOCABULARY

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Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...

þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ, Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,

Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.