imt session 1 - information literacy april 2016
TRANSCRIPT
Information Management Toolbox – Welcome
Information Management Toolbox
KADK library
KADK Library – Kulturnat 2015 – Sandra Gonon – CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Welcome
Course instructors
KADK library
Daniel GunnarssonLibrarian, [email protected]
Gitte Lunde JørgensenLibrarian, Danish
• Albert Algreen-Petersen• Angela D’Ascoli• Anupama Devi Garla• Bodil Bøjer• Imke Wies van Mil• Michael Hauris Lysemose
Information Management Toolbox – Welcome
Course participants
KADK library
• Natalie Koerner• Nicholas Thomas Lee• Pelle Munch-Petersen• Svala Vagnsdatter Andersen• Tanja Thøgersen• Zhu Jie
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Daniel Gunnarsson - introduction
KADK library
• KADK since 2009
• Architecture Library in Lund
• Research support team
• Arkitekturbilleder.dk
• Findbasen.dk
Lunds Domkyrka – Wikimedia Commons - Jorchr
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Information Management Toolbox
KADK library
• First ph.d. course by the Library
• Lectures, discussions, hands-on
• Relate to your research
• Early on in your studies
• Evaluation & Development
Shannon and his famous electromechanical mouse Theseus
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Session 1 – Information Literacy - Agenda
KADK library
• Fundamental Information Literacy
• Search strategies
• Search methods & techniques
• Literature Review
• Source Criticism
Superkilen – Sanne Krogh- arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Session 1 – Information Literacy - Agenda
KADK library
09.30 – 09.40 Introducing the IMT course & agenda 09.40 – 10.20 Basics of Information Literacy and Information Retrieval10.20 – 10.30 Break10.40 – 11.20 Search strategies – search techniques – search tools11.20 – 11.30 Break11.30 – 12.00 Anne Beim – From Scholar to Researcher - special guest12.00 – 13.00 Lunch Break13.00 – 13.40 Literature Review & Source Criticism13.40 – 13.50 Break13.50 – 14.30 Group work & individual guidance
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Library & Information Science - LIS
KADK library
• Statement of the core concern of LIS:
“Humans becoming informed (constructing meaning) via intermediation between inquirers and instrumented records. No other field has this as its concern.” (Konrad, 2007)
Sorte Diamant - Rimas Steponaitis arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Library & Information Science
KADK library
• The capacity to search, analyse, select, organise and present information
and in that process transforminformation to knowledge has a solid foundation in the international scientific discipline information science.(Åström 2008)
Biblioteket Rentemestervej – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Information Literacy - Definition
KADK library
• Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to
"recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.“
http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1
Nørreport Station – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
An information literate individual is able to:
KADK library
• Determine the extent of information needed
• Access the needed information effectively and efficiently
• Evaluate information and its sources critically
Sædden Kirke – Rimas Stiponaitis - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SAhttp://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
An information literate individual is able to:
KADK library
• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base
• Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose
• Understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information, and access and use information ethically and legally
http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1 Sædden Kirke – Rimas Stiponaitis - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
”…as while architects might perform some similar information behaviouras other types of professionals,
the research literature
highlight many unique aspects of architects’ information behaviorthat have not been found, or have been found to be less important in other disciplines.” (Makri s.1747)
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Architects´& Designers Information Behaviour
KADK library
Tønder Vandtårn – Gitte Gylling H Olesen - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
Cobbledick identified five areas of information that appear most commonsought by artists
• Inspiration• Specific visual image needs• Technichal knowledge (how-to
instruction)• Marketing and career guidance• Current trends and events
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Architects´& Designers Information Behaviour
KADK library
”Research into the information-seekingbehaviour of artistic and creativelyminded library users
repeatedly shows a strong emphasis on visual and physical collection browsing,
along with a preference for visualinformation over textual formats.” (Gluibizzi & Glassman 2010)
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Architects´& Designers Information Behaviour
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Architects´& Designers Information Behaviour
KADK library
• Quick & Dirty
• Conventional Subject Searching
• Reference List Checking
• Contact with experts
• Citation Searching
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Search methods - overview
KADK library
Vestas Technology R&D – Henriette S Kristensen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Search Methods – Quick & Dirty
KADK library
http://www.internetlivestats.com/
Catalan Proverb recited by Robert Saviano, author of Gomorrah:
”Following a flood, the first thinglacking is water” Drinking water.
This is exactly what is happening with information.
We get lots of information but hardlyany that is ”drinkable”
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Information Overload
KADK library
Vele by Franz Di Salvo – domusweb.ithttp://maclehosepress.com/tag/robert-saviano/
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Conventional/Structured
Subject SearchingKADK library
Aka - Structured subject searching• Necessary when the objective is to
cover a subject thoroughly (Papaioannou et al., 2009)
• Equal parts of systematization and creativity (Zins, 2000)
• A reiterative process - never one fixed recipe – many trials to reach the goal
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Search methods – Conventional Subject Searching
KADK library
Grundfos kollegiet – Mads Baj Engedal - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
• Strategy developed by Chaim Zins• Created and adjusted after several
extensive studies
• Foundation is the 5 W’sWHAT, WHERE, WORDS, WORK, WOW
• 5 basic steps and 7 general guidelines when conducting a search
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy
KADK library
Almond Butterscotch – Williams Tower Houston Texas - CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
1. WHAT define the search assignment
2. WHERElocate resources
3. WORDSchoose search terms
4. WORKchoose appropriate search methodconduct the search
5. WOWevaluate and assess resultsif necessary repeat search by refining
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy
KADK library
Handicaporganisationernes hus – Bo Bolther- arkitekturbillede.dk - CC BY-NC-SA
• Refinement
• Changing the WORDS, WHERE, WHAT
• WORK – search frequently, usesearch agents
• A repetitive process
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy
KADK library
Define the search assignment
• Be creative• Brainstorm• Find as many relevant aspects as
possible of your topic/subject• Be systematic
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WHAT
KADK library
Atrium Teknikerbyen – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk –CC-BY-NC-SA
Start by identifying what you will need to know to inform your research:
• What research has already been done on this topic?
• What are the sub-areas of the topic you need to explore?
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WHAT
KADK library
Atrium Teknikerbyen – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk –CC-BY-NC-SA
• What other research (perhaps not directly on the topic) might be relevant to your investigation?
• How do these sub-topics and other research overlap with your investigation?
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WHAT
KADK library
Atrium Teknikerbyen – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk –CC-BY-NC-SA
• How many databases you shouldsearch depends on the subject
• Cross-disciplinary subjects, severalsources is necessary
• Content within a subject differs from one database to another
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WHERE
KADK library
http://worldwidescience.org/index.html
Surface Web1. Google, Bing, Yandex, Baidu2. Wikipedia, blogs, newsDeep Web3. Databases 4. Academic JournalsDark Web5. Tor network, alternate search engines,
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web
KADK library
http://www.brightplanet.com/2014/03/clearing-confusion-deep-web-vs-dark-web/Planet, Bright. "The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value." http (2000).http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jep/3336451.0007.104?view=text;rgn=main
• the enormous Deep Web and the much smaller Dark Web are inaccessible to Surface Web crawlers such as Google.
• there is a distinct difference between the Deep Web and the Dark Web as these contain different types of information
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web
KADK library
• Deep Web about 7500 Terabytes • Surface Web about 19 terabytes
• Deep Web has between 400 and 550 times more public information than the Surface Web.
• 95% of the Deep Web is publically accessible
• More than 200,000 Deep Web sites currently exist.
http://www.slideshare.net/DamirDelijadamirdeli/2014-deep-web
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web
KADK library
Surface Web – Visible Web4 % of www material2 billion documents
Deep Web – Invisible Web96% of www material550 billion documents
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web
KADK library
Deep Web – Invisible Web
99% of scientific documents in databases in Deep web
Deep web is not accessible tosearch engines and robots
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Google Scholar
KADK library
A special case: Google Scholar is part of the public or visible web.
It contains citations to journal articles and other publications, with links to publishers or other sources where one can try to access the full text of the items.
Jstor, researchgate, science direct, pubmed, doaj and many more.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Google Scholar
KADK library
This is convenient, but results in Google Scholar are only a small fraction of all the scholarly publications that exist online.
Much more - including most of the full text - is available through article databases that are part of the invisible (deep) web.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Google Scholar
KADK library
http://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347352&p=2343099
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Databases – focus - books
KADK library
Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge by Patrick Feller – Flickr - CC-BY-2.0
• Findbasen.dk - KADK library
• Rex.kb.dk – Royal library
• Bibliotek.dk – Danish libraries
• Worldcat.org – World library collection
• Ebrary – ebooks – cross disciplinary
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Databases – Articles/Journals
KADK library
Blå bænke – Sandra Gonon – arkitekturbilleder.dk CC-BY-2.0
• Jstor – articles - cross disciplinary
• Science Direct – articles –natural science
• Avery/DAAI – index -architecture/design
• Statsbiblioteket Article service65 million articles – order to KADK
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Databases – Articles/Journals
KADK library
Stjernevejsprojketet – Sandra Gonon – Arkitekturbilleder.dk CC-BY-NC- SA
• Cumincad – Computer aidedarchitectural Design
• BERG – Fashion index
• Google Scholar – Scientific material
• DOAJ – Directory of Open Access Journals
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – subject/material specific
KADK library
Hjerting Kirke – Mikkel Lux Larsen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
• Infomedia – Danish newsarticles
• Material Connexion – MaterialVisit KEA material Library -
• Materia – Material
• VADS – Visual arts collection
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WHERE – Scholarly publications – thesis/dissertations
KADK library
• Research.kadk.dk• Danish National research database
http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en
• Diva Portal – Swedish research• CRISTIN – Current Research
Information System In Norway
• Proquest Dissertation & Thesis –US research
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaserDarwin Centre – Rasmus Boysen Feddersen– arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WHERE
KADK library
Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge by Patrick Feller – Flickr - CC-BY-2.0
Images, drawings and Illustrations Session 3
• Europeana• Flickr • Open buildings• Tineye• KBH Arkiv• Danish Arts Library• Digital museum – Sweden/Norway
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WORDS
KADK library
Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA
• Keywords• Subjects• Descriptors• Subject term• Index term• Subject headings (Thesaurus)• Tags• Search terms• Search words
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WORDS
KADK library
• An index term, subject term,subject heading, or descriptor, in information retrieval, is a term that captures the essence of the topic of a document.
• Index terms make up a controlled vocabulary for use in bibliographic records.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WORDS
KADK library
• They are an integral part of bibliographic control, which is the function by which libraries and databases collect, organize and disseminate documents.
• They are used as keywords to retrieve documents in an information system, for instance, a catalog or a search engine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WORDS
KADK library
• Having defined the search topic and identified the key concepts - WHAT
• you need to produce a list of keywords that will be used as your search terms when you begin your search.
• Your keywords should consist of all possible words or phrases that might be used to describe your subject.
Cirkelbroen – Mikael Mundt - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA-NC
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS - keywords
KADK library
When choosing keywords, all possible words or phrases should be considered, including:• Synonyms (words that mean the same
thing) • Alternative terminology and spelling
(e.g. US & UK) • Related terms (broader or narrower). • Variations in word endings (e.g.
singular or plural)Cirkelbroen – Mikael Mundt - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA-NC
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools
KADK library
• Thesaurus in databases• Subject terms in databases• Keywords in databases• Visualthesaurus.com• Wordnik.org• Thesaurus.com• Ordbogen.com• Leo.com• Britannica
Vester Voldgade – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools
KADK library
• Findbasen.dk uses subjects
• Most are in danish
• Find material which uses the same subjects
• For example architecturaldrawing
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools
KADK library
There are 60 other materials usingArchitectural drawing as subject
60 on teknisk tegning
227 on digital arkitektur
21 digital architecture
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – Thesaurus Rex
KADK library
A person who uses a word program or internet thesaurus in order to make their papers or written works appear smarter
by replacing common words with larger or uncommon words.
“The phrontistery is a Thesaurus Rex's wet dream.”
http://phrontistery.info/http://da.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Thesaurus+Rex
Alex Ruiz - Thesaurus
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – Thesaurus - not a dinosaur
KADK library
• a book of words or of information about a particular field or set of concepts; especially : a book of words and their synonyms
• a list of subject headings or descriptors usually with a cross-reference system for use in the organization of a collection of documents for reference and retrieval
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thesaurus Alex Ruiz - Thesaurus
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools – visualthesaurus.com
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools – visualthesaurus.com
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools – ordbogen.com
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools – wordnik.com
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools – wordnik.com
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – keyword tools – thesaurus.com
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORDS – Dot the Dot - exercise
KADK library
Within your thesis/topic writedown 3 keywords
Give those 3 keywords to yourneighbour whom adds 2 new
Give it once again to yourneighbour and repeat
Use tools if necessaryVester Voldgade – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WORK
KADK library
• Get an overview of differentdatabases and their content
• Know their features & structure
• Search vs advanced search
• Refinement functions
Godsbanen – Rasmus Maabjerg - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search Techniques
KADK library
• Phrase search• Boolean operators• Truncation• Refinment
Use them to:• Improve relevance• Narrow search• Broaden search
Godsbanen – Rasmus Maabjerg - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – search technique – Phrase search
KADK library
• To search for an exact phrase, you must enclose the words in quotation marks, i.e. “urban planning”.
• Phrase searching decreases the number of results you get and makes your results more relevant.
• This applies in many research databases
Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Phrase search – Avery Index
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Phrase search – Avery Index
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Phrase search – Google Scholar
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Phrase search – Google Scholar
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Phrase Search – Google Scholar
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Phrase Search – Google Scholar
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Phrase search – Worldcat.org
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Phrase search – Worldcat.org
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search technique - Boolean operators
KADK library
• Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) allow you to combine search terms in different combinations.
• Databases often show Boolean operators as buttons or drop-down menus that you can click to combine your search terms or results.
• Get to know how your databases make use of the Boolean operators
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Boolean operators
KADK library
• Many databases uses AND as default and result will be the same
• Some databases can’t handle NOT as operator
• Some regard AND/OR/NOT as search terms returning many results
• Advanced search is often the key
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Boolean operators – the foundation
KADK library
The Boolean Set operationCombine solidsbased on the set operations.
Commonly usedto compose 3D models.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK –Boolean operators – the foundation
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Boolean operators + phrase search
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards
KADK library
• Truncation is useful for finding singular and plural forms of words and variant endings.
• Many databases use an asterisk * or? as their truncation symbol.
• I.e. typing therap* into a search box will find references containing any of these words:
therapy, therapies, therapist or therapists.
Mirror bridge – Rasmus B Feddersen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards
KADK library
• A wildcard finds variant spellings of words.
• Many databases use a question mark ? or * as their wildcard symbol.
• Wildcards are useful for finding British and American spellings, for example,
behavio?r will find behaviour and also behavior.
Spejderhuset Hindemosen – Rolf Sjögreen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards
KADK library
Spejderhuset Hindemosen – Rolf Sjögreen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SAhttp://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/british-and-american-spelling
British USapologize or apologise apologizeorganize or organise organizerecognize or recognise recognize
British USanalyse analyzebreathalyse breathalyzeparalyse paralyze
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Database search limitators - refinement
KADK library
Plug N Play – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
The limitators and database interface will vary according to database, common feats:
• Year • Peer Reviewed/Scholarly• Publication/Document type • Subject/Topic• Author• Language • Controlled subject terms
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Avery/DAAI – Narrow results by
KADK library
Plug N Play – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Avery/DAAI – Narrow results by
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Statsbiblioteket Article service
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Statsbiblioteket Article service
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – Bibliotek.dk – Refine your search
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK – worldcat.org – Refine your search
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
WORK + WHERE – Recapitulation search functions
KADK library
• Most have advanced search
• Most have narrow/refine search options
• Most allow use of Boolean operators
• Basically all allow truncation & wildcards
• All have functions to optimize searches
Plug N Play – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WOW
KADK library
Energitårnet – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
• You have succcessfully found usefulmaterial and resources
• That material can be used for furthersearches
• The material can give you new keywords, insights and angles of yourresearch
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WOW
KADK library
Energitårnet – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
If results are not satisfactory, consider:
• Search terms - Consult the thesaurus/term finder
• Combination of blocks - Remove or add a block to expand or restrict the search
• Choice of database
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Success - a structured search strategy - WOW
KADK library
Energitårnet – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
1. WHAT define the search assignment
2. WHERElocate resources
3. WORDSchoose search terms
4. WORKchoose appropriate search methodconduct the search
5. WOWevaluate and assess resultsif necessary repeat search by refining
• Quick & Dirty
• Conventional Subject Searching
• Reference List Checking
• Contact with experts
• Citation Searching
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Search methods - overview
KADK library
Vestas Technology R&D – Henriette S Kristensen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Reference List Checking and
Citation searchingKADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Reference list checking/ Citation chaining
KADK library
Havnevej – Andreas Trier Mørch - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
“The data do suggest that in situations where researchers may have difficulty locating information,
checking through the reference lists may be an important way
to reduce the risk of missing relevant information.” (Horsley, 2011)
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Reference list checking – Science Direct
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Reference list checking – Science Direct
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Reference list checking – Science Direct
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Reference list checking – Publisher/Journal site
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation Searching/Cited reference search
KADK library
• Citation searching is useful if you already have a useful reference to a book or journal article on the subject you are researching.
• It allows you to search forward in the published literature, starting from your known reference, to locate new articles which cite your known reference in their bibliographies
Aktivitetshus – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation Searching/Cited reference search
KADK library
• citation searching is a useful alternative to other methods of subject searching, and can sometimes give better results.
• citation searching usually works best if your known reference is of high quality by leaders in the field, and limited to the subject you are researching.
• Also called Cited reference search
Aktivitetshus – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation Searching vs Reference list checking
KADK library
Reference list checking looks back.
Cited reference search looks back and forward on references & others which have cited the same work.
this image is produced by Thomson Reuters, who produced the first ever citation database Science Citation Index in 1961.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy KADK library
Citation searching is only available on a small number of databases:
• Web of Science• Scopus • Google Scholar
This image is produced by Thomson Reuters, who produced the first ever citation database Science Citation Index in 1961.
Citation Searching/Cited reference search
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation Searching – Google Scholar
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation Searching – Google Scholar
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation Searching - recapitulation
KADK library
• Google Scholar is useful
• Verify & double check using Scopus & WOS – Royal Library
• Citation chaining and cited reference searching are great methods for finding additional research on your topic.
Aktivitetshus – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Citation pearl growing – Search method
KADK library
“Citation pearl growing is the process of using the characteristics of a relevant and authoritative article,
called a pearl, to search for other relevant and authoritative materials.” (Ramer, 2005)
The same method can be found in subject/keyword - pearl growing
Udsigtstårn i Nordhavnen – Bo Bolther arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
• Quick & Dirty
• Conventional Subject Searching
• Reference List Checking
• Contact with experts – session 2 & 4
• Citation Searching
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Search methods - overview
KADK library
Vestas Technology R&D – Henriette S Kristensen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Serendipity – From Tea Shop to Tea Field
KADK library
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU9f-oNlI8o
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Serendipity – Definition
KADK library
“In order to increase likelihood of serendipity, environments should be trigger-rich and highlight triggers.
“Trigger rich settings include those designed to deliver information or provide opportunities for bumping into information such as librariesand unfamiliar environments.” (McCay-Peet, Lori & Toms, 2011)
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticismand verifying
your referencesKADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
”…the Internet has made the need to critically evaluate information more important than ever before while also
shifting the burden of credibilityassessment and quality control from
professional gatekeepers ontoindividual information seekers” (Metzger 2007)
Retten på Frederiksberg – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
So much fake news, stories and articles circulating that there arepeople working solely on factchecking and investigating the stories:
• Snopes.com• Viralgranskaren.se• Factcheck.org• Truthorfiction.com
Stephen Hawk – I have a few things to talk to you about – Flickr - Cc-by-nc-2.0
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & fact check – Snopes.com
KADK library
http://www.snopes.com/refugee-invaders-meme/
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
http://universitypost.dk/article/penkowa-dummies
Milena Penkowa is at the centre of eight cases:
Milena Penkowa is suspected of embezzlement, fraud, forgery of documents and falsely accusing her student assistant.
The University of Copenhagen suspects Penkowa of forgery and fraud in connection with laboratory tests with rats in 2002.
Suspicions of dishonesty in parts of Milena Penkowas research.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
Source Criticism – Predatory Journals
KADK library
• Open Access (OA) 'predatory' journals are now part of the scholarly communication landscape.
• We strongly recommend that researchers always check the credibility of unfamiliar publishers and journals prior to submission.
https://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/
Den Arktiske Ring – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism – Predatory Journals
KADK library
• Bealls list is a list of questionable, scholarly open-access publishers.
• Scholars is recommended to read the available reviews, assessments and descriptions provided.
• Then make a decision if you want to submit articles, serve as editors or be on their editorial boards.
https://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism – Predatory Journals
KADK library
Common characteristics of predatory publishers
• High manuscript acceptance rates or acceptance guarantees
• The publisher sends you an un-solicited invitation to submit an article for publication
• Minimal (or non -existent) peer review process
Den Arktiske Ring – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
http://www.carl-abrc.ca/uploads/SCC/predatory_pubs_primer-e.pdf
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism – Predatory Journals
KADK library
Common characteristics of predatory publishers
• Little attention paid to digital preservation
• Not necessarily indexed in electronic databases
• Journals may be short lived
• No archiving policy
Den Arktiske Ring – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
http://www.carl-abrc.ca/uploads/SCC/predatory_pubs_primer-e.pdf
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
• How can you verify and look critically at the information and litterature you find?
• Are there any tools and measures to use to certify your sources?
• What is a credible, trustworthysource?
Retten på Frederiksberg – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
A long history of research finds that credibility is a multifaceted concept with two primary dimensions:
expertise and trustworthiness.
Secondary factors affect credibility perceptions as well, including source attractiveness and dynamism, for example.(O’Keefe, 2002)
Stephen Hawk – I have a few things to talk to you about – Flickr - Cc-by-nc-2.0
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
It also is understood that the credibility of a source or message is a receiver-based judgment
which involves both objective judgments of information quality or accuracy
as well as subjective perceptions of the source’s trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness (Freeman & Spyridakis,2004).
Stephen Hawk – I have a few things to talk to you about – Flickr - Cc-by-nc-2.0
Source Criticism – Checklist method
KADK library
• Who is behind the material?• What do you know about the
publisher?• What is the objective of the
website/page?• Does the originator have any
contact information?• When was the website/page last
updated?
http://www.sdu.dk/en/information_til/studerende_ved_sdu/vejledning/studieteknik/informationssoegning/kilde_kritik_internet
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
P-hus Glostrup Hospital – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Source Criticism – Checklist method
KADK library
”Taken together, these studies speak to a need to think beyondthe checklist model to get people to critically evaluate the information they find online”(Metzger, s.2083, 2007)
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Methods for evaluating information sources
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
http://pure.iva.dk/files/33176729/jis_1689_final.pdf
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
“Good, scholarly reading is to be aware of different perspectives, and to situate oneself among them.”(Hjørland, 2012)
Three GOLD standards
Retten på Frederiksberg – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Evaluating Information Sources – the Goal
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
http://pure.iva.dk/files/33176729/jis_1689_final.pdf
To read a text is often not a simple process. It involves considering a text
• in relation to other texts• in relation to the methods used• and the social interest it serves and
counteracts, • and in relation to its public reception
as indicated by, for example, bibliometric measures.
Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & Author Credentials
KADK library
Study of Author credentials is considered by many one of threeGOLD standards in research assessment.
• Affiliation• Publications• Co-authors• History• Publisher
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism – Number of citations as a factor
KADK library
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & Peer Review
KADK library
• Peer Review is usually regardedas a GOLD standard in academia.
• Peer review – 2 or more subject experts, on level or above the author, evaluate an information source.
• Many databases have peer review as a refinment option.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & Publisher reputation
KADK library
One of three GOLD standards in research assesment. Journals, monographs and Grey literature
1. Is the journal published by a publisher with a fine reputation?
2. Is the journal itself well respected?
3. What is the journal’s impact factor (JIF) – Scopus – Web of Science
Evaluating Information Sources – the Goal
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
http://pure.iva.dk/files/33176729/jis_1689_final.pdf
All the methods are just steps on ourway in learning how to read, understand and criticize texts.
But as such they may represent valuableor indeeed necessary steps thatcounteract the use of narrow and one-sided approaches.
Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
(Lehrer quote in Ronson, 2016)
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Structure of Information and
Literature ReviewKADK library
Information Overload – again
KADK library
• Now you have loads of relevant and useful information.
• How do you keep track of the information?
• How do you structure and makeuse of the information & literature?
• How do you keep being updatedwithin relevant and useful research fields?
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Information Overload – Search history/search agents
KADK library
Create an account at the databases youuse most frequently and gain access to:
• Search history
• Set up search agents
• Save your favourites
• And other site specific functions
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Overload – Search history/search agents
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Information Overload – Search history/search agents
KADK library
Create an account is available at most databases, for example:
Avery/daai index
Bibliotek.dk
Worldcat.org
Findbasen.dk
Worldcat.org
& many others.
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Overload – Search history/search agents
KADK library
Make it a habit to log on to the databases you use, to facilitate and assist your tracks, paths and history.
Sciencedirect.comJstorMaterialconneXionGoogle Scholar
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Overload – Search history/search agents
KADK library
Basically every database you visit have the function and option of creating a personal account.
Berg Fashion LibraryCuminCADEbraryJstor
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser
Information Overload – organizational tools
KADK library
• Wunderlist
• Any.do
• Errands to do list
• Remember the milk
• Dynalist
• Trello
• Google tasks & many more
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
http://appcrawlr.com/app/uberGrid/417807
Information Overload – Workflowy.com
KADK library
WorkFlowy is a zoomable document that provides unprecedented flexibility in organizing your ideas.
Organize your brain…
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
IMT – Citation and Reference Management
Session 3 – Citation & Reference Management - Agenda
KADK library
• Basics of Citation• Citation Styles• References & Inspiration• Reference management
• Reference management tools• Footnotes, endnotes, in-text• Cite while you write• Bibliography – works cited
Twister – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA
Literature Review
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
The literature review cycle - Image created by University of Sheffield
“A substantive, thorough, sophisticated literature review is a pre-condition for doing substantive, thorough, sophisticated research.” (Boote, 2005)
New discoveries don't materialise out of nowhere; they build upon the findings of previous experiments and investigations.
Literature Review - Article
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
http://lemass.net/capstone/files/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Review.pdf
Literature Review – What is it?
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
A literature review is a select analysis of existing research which is relevant to your topic, showing how it relates to your investigation.
It explains and justifies how your investigation may help answer some of the questions or gaps in this area of research.
Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
https://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-startinglitreview.aspx
Literature Review – Why write it?
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
A literature review demonstrates to your reader that you are able to
• Understand and critically analysethe background research
• Select and source the information that is necessary to develop a context for your research
• Shows how your investigation relates to previous research
Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
https://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-startinglitreview.aspx
Literature Review – Why write it?
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
A literature review demonstrates to your reader that you are able to
• Reveals the contribution that your investigation makes to this field (fills a gap, or builds on existing research, for instance)
• Provides evidence that may help explain your findings later
Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
https://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-startinglitreview.aspx
Literature Review – How do I get started?
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Start by identifying what you will need to know to inform your research:
• What research has already been done on this topic?
• What are the sub-areas of the topic you need to explore?
Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
https://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-startinglitreview.aspx
Literature Review – How do I get started?
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
• What other research might be relevant to your investigation?
• How do these sub-topics and other research overlap with your investigation?
It is important to do this before you start reading so that you don't waste time on unfocussed and irrelevant reading.
Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Group work & Individual Guidance
KADK library
Describe your research topic to yourneighbour and discuss how you couldmake use of the content and tools shownin session 1 to find more information.
Use the list of keywords created and makea couple of searches in databases that youhave used before and also databases thatyou have not used before.
Discuss the results with your neighbourNy Bellevue Strandbad – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Thank you!
KADK library
https://kadk.dk/employee/daniel-gunnarsson