CHAPTER 5AP UNITED STATES HISTORY

COLONIAL POPULATIONIn 1700’s, colonists “breeding like rabbits”

Population doubled every 25 years

Average age was 16--population was youthful

By 1775, 90 percent of the people lived in rural (country) areas

Most were farmers

10 percent lived in urban (city) areas

Major Ethnic GroupsPennsylvania Dutch--people actually from Germany; mislabeledScots-Irish--weren’t Irish at all, just ScottishAfrican Americans--made up about 20% of population

New England the least ethnically diverse

Early America

In colonial America, it was known as the land of opportunity and equality (excluding slaves)

Most Americans were farmers and lived on farms

America allowed anyone to rise in social class including 2 indentured servants who signed Declaration of Independence

In the South, power was in the hands of large land owners

COLONIAL CAREERSIn colonial society, most prestigious occupation was a minister

Doctors were highly unpopularBleeding was a favorite and frequently fatal remedyWhen a doctor wasn’t available, a barber was summonedDisease was common including diphtheria, smallpox

Lawyers not liked much eitherViewed as noisy windbags or troublemakers

Ministers

Physicians

Lawyers

COLONIAL CAREERSAgriculture Agriculture main industry

90 percent of colonials are farmers

The Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies called the “Breadbasket of the World”Middle Colonies are New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware (NYPD)

Americans had the highest standard

of living in the world!!

COLONIAL CAREERS

Fishing

Fishing a major career in New EnglandLed to shipbuilding industry too

Triangular TradeMost famous type of trade in New England was “Triangular Trade”Usually involved New England, Africa, and West Indies

COLONIAL TRANSPORATIONTransportation was very slow in colonial America

Communication was very slowWaterways one of the main routes of transportationTowns sprang up along waterways

Roads were rough and dangerous to travel

Taverns also sprang up along routes of travel

Waterways

RoadsTaverns

Religion in the ColoniesThere were two tax supported churches in the colonies

AnglicanAlso known as the Church of EnglandStrongest church in the Southern coloniesNot as hardcore as Puritan churches

CongregationalMain church of

New England PuritansFound in all New England coloniesMuch more hardcore

First Great Awakening

Name for a religious revival in the 1730’s and 1740’s

Main Leaders

George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards

Most famous sermon was Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God

First Great Awakening added new ingredient of “emotionalism” to religion

Old Lights Those that did not like the new emotionalism

New Lights Those that felt emotionalism is what was needed

RESULTS OF 1ST GREAT AWAKENING

1.Old Lights/New Lights--religions split

2.Two religions boomed--Baptist and Methodists

3.New denominations and religions were started

4.Missionary worked boomed5.New Colleges were started6.Pulled people together

COLONIAL COLLEGE EDUCATION

Most colonial colleges were started for religious reasonsPennsylvania was the only college not started for religious reasonsPennsylvania founded by Ben Franklin

New England more interested in education

The South lagged behind others in educationIn the South, tutors used for wealthiest people

New England

The SouthFamous Colonial Colleges1. Harvard2. William and Mary3. Yale4. Princeton5. Pennsylvania6. Columbia7. Brown8. Rutgers9. Dartmouth

COLONIAL ART

John Trumbull Charles W. Peale

Benjamin West

John S. Copley

COLONIAL LITERATURE

Phillis Wheatley

Ben Franklin

Ex slave girl who became a decent poet

Wasn’t truly educated at all

Known as “First Civilized American”Wrote Poor Richards AlmanacDid experiments with electricityInvented bifocal glassesInvented Franklin Stove--wood stoveInvented the lightening rodInvented the first circulating libraryInvented the rocking chair

Famous trial dealing with freedom of the press

Trial took place in 1735

John Peter Zenger was a newspaper editor charged with liable

Had written negatively about the Royal Governor; found not guilty

Laid the foundation for the freedom of the press

John Peter Zenger Trial