In Memoriam

André Brahic Mildred Shapley Matthews

S. Ichtiaque Rasool Gerald Wasserburg Edgard Yanovitskij Klim Churyumov

DPS Outgoing Officers and Committee members Jason Barnes Bonnie Buratti Vishnu Reddy

(Chair-> Past Chair) (Past Chair) (Press Officer)

Julie Castillo-Rogez Jani Radebaugh Makenzie Lystrup (DPS Committee Members) (FRS Chair)

DPS Incoming Officers and Committee Members Lucy McFadden Cathy Olkin Shantanu Naidu Constantine Tsang

(Chair) (Vice Chair) (Press Officer) (Deputy Press Officer)

Catherine Neish Britney Schmidt Kurt Retherford

(Committee Member) (Committee Member) (FRS Chair)

DPS Secretary Report

Anne Verbiscer dpssec@aas.org

19 October 2016

Pasadena, California

Membership •  Current active membership: 1556 higher

than last year at the same time. Non-US fraction 19%

•  Renew your membership and pay your dues TODAY, before 31 Dec. 2016 to avoid being dropped from the membership in February. •  Pay your 2016 membership dues online

at https://members.aas.org/

•  Also, please take a moment to update your personal DPS member file.

Elections Please remember to always vote !!

286 people voted this year (20% of our membership) AAS is trying to make the online voting procedure easier, but please take the time needed to express your preferences at the DPS elections

DPS Newsletters • 40 issues so far this year

• Happy to include any news sent for meeting announcements, special issues and job opportunities. Send complete title and content of your announcement to dpssec@aas.org

• The Job announcements in particular are well appreciated and on the rise, we get many requests. I am happy to advertise them in the newsletter and they also get posted on the web site (contacts: Jason Barnes and Tony Roman, dpsjobs@aas.org). Also note the

DPS PLANETARY JOBS REGISTER : http://dps.aas.org/jobs

Each job listed has its associated position type, geographical location, category, title, and due date listed. Each of these fields can be sorted. This DPS jobs site can be a central repository for any and all planetary jobs, from geochemistry to astrophysics. Posting of jobs is free. If you have a position to post, please fill out the jobs submission form at: http://dps.aas.org/node/add/job

Schematic of DPS Cash Flow

Division EO account ~$500,000

Dues ~$32,000

DP

S M

embe

rshi

p

Prize accounts

To Prize/Grant Winners ~$5,000

Occasional Transfers

Annual Meeting

Meeting account

Registration Fees (set in early stages)

Meeting Expenses (~$350-550k)

Transfers as needed

Institutional Sponsorships: ~$20-$100k

Surplus, if any

Investment Income/losses, AAS transfers, Committee activities

12/31/10 12/31/11 12/31/12 12/31/13 12/31/14 12/31/15 9/30/16

Division EO

$347,683 $322,721 $458,323 $492,429 $482,277 $371,084 $587,124

DPS Prizes*

$56,281 $61,246 $67,277 U-K $11,100 $9,825 $7,979 $8,709

Sagan $11,160 $11,019 $10,252 $11,201

Masur. $11,156 $10,525 $9,270 $10,183

Hartmann Fund

$36,052 $36,655 $41,148 $60,654 $59,773 $58,192 $74,565

Eberhart Fund

$53,866 $54,833 $56,749 $73,111 $74,847 $71,984 $81,549

Niebur Fund

$15,650 $15,040 $13,960 $16,100

Total $512,540 $475,476 $620,209 $675,261 $663,307 $542,723 $675,820**

Budget summary as of 30 September

*DPS Prizes here means Sagan, Urey/Kuiper, Masursky. What had been a single common account into which separate prize accounts were paid has now been zeroed out. **Does not includes $686,350 in meeting account: meeting expenses have not yet been incurred, this will dwindle as expenses occur.

DPS Committee Budget Expenses 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 Budgeted Actual Budgeted Actual Proposed Actual

(to date) Officers (“Governance Travel”) $3,000 $4,115 $2,000 $9,099 $5,000 $7,262 Telecommuncations $2,000 $2,660 $2,000 $3,322 $3,500 $1,100 Travel and Midterm Meeting Expenses includes FRS travel to midterm meeting) (“Domestic Travel”)

$8,500 $10,489 $9,500 $12,066 $9,500 $3,602

Prize Subcommittee $0 $0 Federal Relations Subcommittee (not including mid term meeting)

$6,000 $1,868 $6,000 $4,703 $6,000 $1,538

Education Subcommittee $15,000* $15,000* $10,000 Professional Development Subcommittee $2,500 $1,500 $2,500 $2,500 Student Travel Grants ** $4,500 ** $4,190 ** Urey/Kuiper Awards $2,000 $2,000 $2,200 $2,000 $2,200 $2,400 Eberhart Award $1,000 $1,000 $1,100 $1,000 $1,100 $1,200 Masursky Award $1,000 $1,000 $1,100 $1,100 $1,100 $1,200 Sagan Medal $1,000 $1,000 $1,100 $1,100 $1,100 $1,200 Niebur Grant Awards $1,250 ** Division Affiliate Transfer $2,120 $2,000 $2,090 $2,000 $2,175 Carbon offset contribution $6,185 **

Discretionary $2,000 Total $27,000 $22,406 $44,500+ $43,424 $36,500+ $21, 677

Meeting Comparison: Revenue

Meeting Comparison: Expenses

2016PressOfficerReport

VishnuReddydpspress@aas.org

DivisionforPlanetaryScienceofthe

AmericanAstronomicalSociety

PressAcCviCesforPasadena

•  JointPressacCviCeswithEPSC•  AnitaHeward(EPSCPressOfficer)•  RickFienbergisheretosupport•  IncomingPressOfficer(ShantanuNaidu,JPL)andDeputyPressOfficerConTsang(SwRI)

•  BothacCvelyhelpingwithpressbriefings•  39pressregistraConssofarthisyear.Wehad41lastyearatNaConalHarbor.

PressAcCviCesforPasadena

•  BalancebetweenEPSC/DPSPressReleases•  20pressbriefingsplanned(Monday-Thursday)•  Monday(Rose\a),Tuesday(NewHorizons),Wednesday(MAVEN/ExoMars/KBOs)

•  OnWednesdaywehavetwopressconferenceswithatotalof9briefings.SecondbriefingfocusedonJuno

•  Thursday(Cassini/Io)

JonathanEberhartAward

2016

Submissions

•  18totalsubmissionsfor2016.•  11ofthesewerecarryoverfrom2015.•  7newsubmissionsfor2016.•  Judges:BonnieBurad,StephenBa\ersby,VishnuReddy

SelecCon

•  Judgesreadall19arCclesandcameupwithashortlistof3compellingstories.

•  EmailexchangestocompareshortlistsanddebatethewinningarCcle(April6th)

•  BestArCcle:1. NadiaDrake(Na$onalGeographic)Title:“ScienCstsinFlyingTelescopeRacetoInterceptPluto’sShadow”

BonnieMeinkeE/POOfficer•  E/POoral&postersessions:

totalof40presentaCons–AllonThursday.•  Workshops:Byyou,Foryou

–  TeacherWorkshop(SarahHorst&ChrisCneShupla,leads):FourthinseriesofDPS-sponsoredteacherworkshopsaimedatsignificant,long-termimpact;75teachersoverlast4years*4classes*40students~=12Kpeopleimpacted.

–  FacultyWorkshop–  PublicEngagementWorkshop

•  PlanetarySciencesgraduateprogramswebpage(DaveKlassen,lead):h\p://dps.aas.org/educaCon/graduate-schools

•  DPSDiscoveryslidesetsforhighereducaConinstructors:frameworkestablished,needvolunteersandtranslators!Comeseeposter.h\ps://dps.aas.org/educaCon/dpsdisc

Iwelcomeyourinput!Pleasecontactme!

Educa=on&PublicOutreach

DPSWebsite

•  NewWebforms– Nieburdependentcaregrants

•  Usedfor2016– PrizenominaCons

•  Readyfor2017– Hartmannstudenttravelgrants

•  Readyfor2017– Reprintrequests

•  Tabled

DPS Historian Report

2016

Dale Cruikshank And

Melissa McGrath

Caroline and William Herschel

Progress with the DPS archival papers

When sorting and organizing are complete, the papers will be scanned and deposited at the AIP Neils Bohr Library, where the AAS archives reside.

Six boxes, nearly all sorted and arranged chronologically. Redundant material removed.

Starting in 2004, most material is in digital form and the paper material declines substantially. We’re still looking for material that may have been overlooked.

The DPS Professional Culture and Climate Subcommittee

Christina Richey (Co-Chair, ASRC Federal and NASA) Nancy Chanover (Co-Chair, New Mexico State University)

Rebecca Oppenheimer (American Museum Natural History) Karen Meech (University of Hawaii IFA) Guy Consolmagno (Vatican Observatory) Sarah Hörst (Johns Hopkins University)

Matthew Tiscareno (SETI Institute) Sona Hosseini (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

Our Charge

“The prime charge of the Subcommittee would be to consider and recommend actions that the DPS Committee can take to either remove or ameliorate factors in our culture that lead to anything other than scientific merit controlling members' ability to achieve success as a Planetary Scientist.”

Work Thus Far

•  Meeting climate (exit survey, signage, hotline for reporting)

•  Raising awareness of sociological issues impacting our profession (plenary talk THIS AFTERNOON)

Future Work

•  Examine survey data to assess meeting climate

•  Explore other issues affecting inclusivity in our field (implicit bias, career trajectories, others)

•  We welcome your input!

ProfessionalDevelopmentSubcommi\eeReport

KarlyPitman,Chair2016subcommi\ee:C.Gray,M.Gurwell,S.Hosseini,A.Khayat,A.Lovell,T.Pre\yman,E.

Rivera-ValenCn,K.Singer,L.Woodney

Oct.19,2016

Events&Services2016Year-round:JobPosCngsath\ps://twi\er.com/DPSdevelopment8dependentcaregrantsawardedviaDPSSusanNieburProf.Dev.FundSun.Oct.16•  PublicEngagementforPlanetaryScien$sts

-WorkshopmaterialswillbepostedonDPSwebsite

•  AASDPSStudent/PostdocRecep$onTue.Oct.18WomeninPlanetaryScienceLunch

-PlanetaryScienceDemographics;Ally-shipThu.Oct.19DPS/EPSCPlanetaryScienceSocialDance-$8.00atdoorGrandBallroomoftheHistoric1926,PasadenaMasonicHall200S.EuclidAve.,Pasadena,CA91101h\ps://www.lindygroove.com/ContactSonaHosseiniformoredetails

MentoringProgram

•  DPSmembersareonMentorNet–  NaConalSTEMmentoringprogram;

32,000+mentor-protégépairssince1997

–  PreferenCalmatchestoDPSmembers–  AccesstomentorsoutsideofDPSand

inindustry

•  PurposeistomakeintroducConsandfosternetworkingoutsideofaconference

•  SubcommiAeerequest:

–  MentorsavailableforDPSmembership(U.S.ins=tu=ons)

–  4monthcommitment–youdecideonfrequencyofcommunica=on

–  Training&discussionideasareprovided

Hartmann Student Travel Grants

•  Fundsfrom:HartmannTravelFund,SolarSystemExploraConResearchVirtualInsCtute,Elsevier•  41studentsrequestedatotalof$27,100fortravelgrants.•  Awardedgrantsto17studentstotaling$11,818,including$2940inregistraConwaivers.•  Process:Verifiedcompliance,applicantsfromEuropeaninsCtuConsappliedtoESA.•  PrioriCes:

•  PresenCngthesisresultswithnoavailablefunding.•  Graduate,gapyear,undergraduatestudentspresenCngnewresults.

•  Consideredsubjectma\er,geographic,andgender.Recognizedthatwehadnocertainwayofdeterminingethnicity.

•  13studentsfromUSuniversiCes•  2studentsfromCanada•  2studentsfromBrazil•  9womenand8men.

Congratula5ons to the following students-

•  JosephBa\alio,TexasA&M•  JodiBerdis,NewMexicoStateU•  SakheeBhure,FloridaInsCtuteofTechnology• BenjaminBoe,UniversityofHawaii•  ThamirisDeSantana,SaoPauloStateUniversity•  SzilardGyalay,U.California,LosAngeles• PerianneJohnson,NewMexicoTech• MackenzieKane,FloridaInsCtuteofTechnology• MichaelLucas,U.Tennessee,Knoxville

Con5nued Congratula5ons

• WalterMarCns-Filho,ObservatorioNacionaldoBrasil• KathleenMcIntyre,U.CentralFlorida•  ZeeveRogoszinski,U.Maryland,CollegePark• MicahSchaible,U.Virginia• CoryShankman,U.ofVictoria• KathrynSteakley,NewMexicoStateU.• MaryamTabeshian,U.WesternOntario• Garre\Thompson,NorthernArizonaU.

Thank you’s

•  TothosecontribuCngtotheHartmanntravelfund.• AnyonemaycontributetothefunduponrenewingregistraCon.•  ToSSERVIfortheirsupport.•  ToElsevierfortheirsupport.•  Tostudentsforapplying.• WeenjoyhavingstudentspresentandpresenCngtheirresearchresultsatthemeeCng.

Monday,October17,20165:30pmPasadenaConventionCenter

Pasadena,CA

Editors&AreasofExperCse�  OdedAharonson–PlanetaryGeology&Geophysics–356totalassignmentsin2015

�  MichaelR.Combi–Comets&Centaurs–92totalassignmentsin2015

�  WillM.Grundy–Asteroids&LightCurves,IcySatellites,Spectroscopy,Photometry–204totalassignmentsin2015

�  JeffreyR.Johnson–MarsSurface&Geophysics–187totalassignmentsin2015

�  KrishanK.Khurana–UpperAtmospheres,SolarWind,MagneticStorms&Auroras,PlanetaryPlasmas–109totalassignmentsin2015

�  AlessandroMorbidelli–Dynamics,KBOs,NEOs,TNOs,AsteroidBelt,PlanetMigration,CelestialMechanics–100totalassignmentsin2015

�  PhilD.Nicholson–PlanetaryRings,allareasnotcoveredbyotherEditors,e.g.Meteors&Meteorites–66totalassignmentsin2015

�  NEW–FrancisNimmo–PlanetaryGeology&Geophysics

�  AdamP.Showman–Atmospheres,GiantPlanetInteriors–172totalassignmentsin2015

�  GiovannaTinetti–ExtrasolarPlanets–21totalassignmentsin2015

*2016onlyaccountsformanuscriptssubmi\edthroughSeptember30,2016inbothEESandEVISE.

434

410

467 455456

550

591

597

722

515

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016*

AnnualSubmissions

*2007pagesbasedon14issues.**2014,2015,&2016pagesbasedon18issues.

5055

4328 4288

5396 52445024

5740

5710

6370

5634

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2007* 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014** 2015** 2016**

AnnualPagesPublished

*Beginningin2009,thenumberofmanuscriptsrejected/withdrawnisdividedbythenumberoffinaldecisionsreachedinthatyear.Earlieryearsarebasedonthenumberofmanuscriptsrejected/withdrawndividedbythetotalnumberofsubmissionsreceived. **2016onlyaccountsformanuscriptsrejected/withdrawnanddecisionsmadethroughSeptember30,2016.

13%

15%

17%

20%

17%

24%22%

25%

30% 30%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

2007 2008 2009* 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016**

Ten-YearRejectionRate

23.825.8

10.8

21.7

25

7.8

19.2 19.9

10.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

SubmissionToFinalDecision SubmissiontoAccept SubmissiontoReject

FinalDisposition:AverageTimeinWeeks

2014

2015

2016(throughSept)

2014 2015 2016*

Accepted 524 448 371

Rejected 141 173 139Withdrawn 47 21 23

NumberofPaperswithFinalDispositionperYear

*2016includespapershandledinbothEVISEandEESthroughSeptember30,2016.TheaverageCmeshownmaybeweighCngtheEVISEdataandmaynotreflecttheexactaverageCmespent.

SpecialIssueUpdate

SpecialIssueTitle Status Details CommentsSaturn'sAuroralCampaign Completed 10paperspublished Publishedinv.263(1January2016)

Titan'sSurface&Atmosphere Completed

33paperspublished Publishedinv.270(15May2016)

LunarReconnaissanceOrbiter(PartsI)

Completed 28paperspublished Publishedinv.273(15July2016)

PlanetaryRings Completed 11paperspublished Publishedinv.279(15November2016)

MicroMarstoMegaMars Completed 8paperspublished PublishedasSpecialSecCon,v.280(December2016)

LunarReconnaissanceOrbiter(PartII)

Inprogress 22papersaccepted,10underrevision,7underreview

TargeCngv.283(1February2017)

PlutoSystemintheNewHorizonsEra

Inprogress 29paperssubmi\ed,12accepted,1rejected,16pending

TargeCngSpring2017

DawnMission:GeologicMappingofCeres

Inprogress 5paperssubmi\ed,allunderreview Spring/Summer2017

DawnMission:ComposiConofCeres

Agreed Late2017/Early2018

AsteroidsandSpaceDebris Agreed Late2017/Early2018

MarsPolarScienceVI Agreed Late2017

2016DPSPublicaConsSurveyResults

•  Thankyou:~25%responserate•  Icarus:

•  posiCvethingsaboutacademicandscholarlyaspects•  Concernsaboutmechanicsofmanuscriptsubmission•  Concernaboutaccesstopublishedwork

•  Elsevier:•  VerynegaCveforawidevarietyofreasons

•  OpenAccess:•  PosiCveinterest•  Stronglyopposedtohavingprivatepublishersholdcopyright

•  ElsevierAgreement:•  Nostrongopinion

* The purpose of the nomina5ng commiAee is to ensure that enough qualified, diverse candidates run in each DPS elec5on, and to do so independently of the exis5ng leadership to avoid corrup5on. The commiAee must nominate at least 2 candidates for Vice-Chair and 4 for CommiAee each year to ensure a true choice for the electorate * The nomina5ng commiAee is composed of 3 people, each with a 3-year term and elected annually at the DPS Members’ Mee5ng. * Helpful skills: (1) knowledge of scien5sts in the field at all career levels; (2) persuasive ability to convince reluctant prospec5ve nominees. * Time commitment: several telecons and email discussions regarding poten5al candidates in the November – March 5meframe.

DPS Nomina5ng CommiAee ”I don't care who does the elec5ng, so long as I get to do the nomina5ng.” – Boss Tweed

•  LOC–  JamesAshley–  BrandiCarrier–  MurthyGudipaC–  PaulHayne–  BryanaHenderson–  TorrenceJohnson–  RosalyLopes–  JamieMolaro–  TimothyParker–  ChristopheSoCn–  MichelleViod–  GuyWebster

•  AASSTAFF–  A.ReneeBa\le,Director,MeeCngServices–  LisaIdem,AssistantDirectorofMeeCngServices–  LynnEvin-MeeCngServicesSpecialist–  KathyCox-AbstractsAdministrator–  DebbieKovalsky-ExhibitsandSponsorship–  MaryMathias-WebContentManager–  Sco\Idem-Director,IT

•  EPSC/DPSLeadership–  JasonBarnes–  ManuelGrande–  AthenaCoustenis–  MariaTeresaCapria–  FelipeGomez

•  MeeCngA\endance– Total-1390(includes110on-siteregistraConsendofdayTuesday)•  EPSC-139• DPSStudents-117•  EPSCStudent-52•  LocalEducators-26• OneDay-19

SClltocome:•  WednesdayBanquet/OpenMicNight(free!)•  ThursdayPublicEvent

– ExpecCngaverylargeturnoutofthegeneralpublic

WillieHoldman

Provo, Utah DPS

15-20 October 2017

•  Major downtown development: 55+ local restaurants, bars, coffee shops

•  Nonstop flights to SLC from LAX, DCA, ATL, JFK, CDG, HNL, even LHR, AMS

•  Marriott, mid and low-end hotels

•  NEW CONVENTION CENTER, DPS sole users, good meeting space

•  Autumn in the Wasatch Mountains! Sundance ski resort ½ hour drive (lodging, dining, hiking)

Provo 2017

Outside activities close, 2+ hours to red rock national parks

Provo 2017

PossibleSaturdayfieldtriptoyounglavaflows,BlackRockDesert,2hrdrive(Ioworkshop2010)

EscalanteGrandStaircaseslotcanyons,4hrdrive

UV PROMO VID

Provo 2017

PossibleSaturdayfieldtriptoyounglavaflows,BlackRockDesert,2hrdrive(Ioworkshop2010)

EscalanteGrandStaircaseslotcanyons,4hrdrive

50thDPS21-26Oct2016Knoxville,TN

Knoxville

•  ConvenConcenterperfectsizeforDPS

•  BeauCfulDowntown–  HotelopCons–  80+restaurants/bars–  FreeTrolley–  Theatres,artgalleries,etc.

•  Niceairport–  Non-stoptomajorhubs

•  GreatSmokyMts.

• HugethankstoDPS• MorethankstoLOC

11 DPS/EPSCJointMeeCngPasadena,California,USA,2016

• NewrulesgiveopportuniCesforUScollaboraCons

EUROPEAN PLANETARY SCIENCE CONGRESS & DIVISION FOR PLANETARY SCIENCES Geneva – Switzerland

September from 15th to 20th, 2019 or, September from 22nd to 27th, 2019 2019

2017 Riga 2018 Berlin

CICG –Interna5onal Conference Center, Geneva SU

GG

EST

ED

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E V

EN

UE

B

UnitedNa$onsStandards

Zoom: 50%

Zoom: 125%

0 km 300 600 900 km

Échelle à l'équateur

www.gva.ch

Pékin

Moscou

(DME, SVO)

Marrakech BeyrouthTel Aviv

Luxembourg

Lugano

Athènes

Istanbul

Liverpool

Bordeaux

Düsseldorf

Francfort

Dublin

Madrid

Lisbonne

Porto

Tunis

Djerba

Le Caire

Hourghada

Larnaca

Djeddah

Bruxelles

Amsterdam

Copenhague

Stockholm

Varsovie

Riyadh

Amman

VienneMunich

Budapest Zurich

Alger

Las Palmas

Ténérife

Volos

Lille

Catane

Nice

Monastir

Sttutgart

Bastia

CalviAjaccio

Figari

CagliariIbiza

Olbia

Comiso Zakynthos

Corfou

St-Petersburg

Edimbourg

Verone

Malaga

Séville

Toulouse

Nantes

Naples Brindisi

Doha

Florence

Valence

Prague

Helsinki

Casablanca

Barcelone

Koweït

Abu Dhabi

Dubaï

Alicante

Berlin

Faro

Asturias/Oviedo

St-Jacquesde Compostelle

Enfidha

Biarritz

Venise

Lamezia Terme

La Rochelle

Bristol

Manchester

Jersey

Guernsey

Oslo

Hambourg

Pristina

Belgrade

Minsk

Bucarest

Split

Dubrovnik

Taba

Genève

Malte

Marseille

St-Tropez

Antalya CosMykonos

Heraklion

Rome

New York(JFK, EWR)

Washington

Montréal

Londres(LCY, LGW, LHR, LTN, SEN)

Palma de Majorque

Kiev

Paris(CDG, ORY)

Bilbao

Reykjavik

Single/Double

Roomsblockedforyourcongress

LowcostaccomodaCon

Priceunder40.-B&B 200

HOTEL** FromCHF65.-toCHF160.- 220

HOTEL*** FromCHF160.-toCHF190.- 480

HOTEL**** FromCHF220.-toCHF290.- 800

HOTEL***** FromCHF240.-toCHF350.- 300

• CERN:•  TwoazernoonswillbededicatetoyourdelegatesforTAILOR-MADEGUIDEDTOURS.Itcanbeorganizedinseverallanguages.FREEOFCHARGE.

•  “Accordingto“ElConfidencial”newspaper,thevisitoftheCERNisconsideredthebestvisitintheworldinthefieldofScience.”

•  “AccordingtoTripAdvisorthevisitoftheCERNisthetopthingtodoinGeneva”

What to do in Geneva W

HA

T T

O D

O I

N G

EN

EV

A

E

Ms.FabiolaGianod,DirectorofCERN,Keynotespeaker

EUROPEAN PLANETARY SCIENCE CONGRESS & DIVISION FOR PLANETARY SCIENCES Geneva – Switzerland

September from 15th to 20th, 2019 or, September from 22nd to 27th, 2019 2019

Spokane, Washington DPS 2020

Spokane, WA Context map

Pop: 210,000 (met-area 600,000)

Spokane Hotels/ Food