in order to know the tense of a sentence, you have to analyze its parts. you can divide sentences by...

Tenses and

Sentences

In order to know the tense of a sentence, you have to analyze its parts. You can divide sentences by telling the subject, the main verb, the auxiliary verb and the complement.

The girl in the story knew she was going to die.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTSUBJECT MAIN VERB

OTHER EXAMPLES

Those guys over there have been sad all the year.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB

COMPLEMENT

Juan Pablo’s classes are always the same.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB

COMPLEMENT

AUXILIARY

Most of my students enjoy the classes with games.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

Her friends and relatives don’t like her to sing in public.

SUBJECT AUXILIARY MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

You can determine the tense (time) of a sentence by looking at its parts.

In simple present, we have the following conditions.

TENSE AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB EXPLANATIONSimple Present

(with most common verbs)

----------------------- Base or base + s.

If the sentence is affirmative.

Simple Present(with most common

verbs)Do, does, don’t,

doesn’t. Base If the sentence is

negative or interrogative.

Simple Present(verb TO BE) ----------------------- Am, is, are

If the sentence is affirmative, negative or

interrogative.

See examples in the next slide.

FOR EXAMPLE:

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTOur teachers are very young.

This sentence is in simple present because the main verb, TO BE is in present.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTLuis isn’t my friend.

This sentence is negative and in simple present because the main verb, “isn’t” (the verb TO BE), is conjugated in the negative form.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTBeatriz talks everyday in lines.

You know this sentence is in Simple Present because the main verb, “talks”, is in the base form plus “S”

You know these sentences are in simple present because the verb TO BE is in present.

MAIN VERB SUBJECT COMPLEMENTIs Maria the new teacher?

Are These girls new at school?

AUXILIARY VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTDoes the school have a swimming pool?Do they like the food?

You know these sentences are interrogative and in simple present because there is the auxiliary verb “does”/ “do” before the subject.

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

Natalia doesn’t live in Cali.Students don’t pay the bills.

You know these sentences are in simple present because there are the auxiliary verbs “doesn’t/don’t” between the subject and the main verb

In simple past, we have the following conditions.

TENSE AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB EXPLANATIONSimple Past

(with most common verbs)

----------------------- Past. If the sentence is affirmative.

Simple Past(with most common

verbs)Did, didn’t. Base

If the sentence is negative or

interrogative.

Simple Past(verb TO BE) ----------------------- Was, were


interrogative.

See examples in the next slide.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTOur teachers were very young.

This sentence is affirmative and in simple past because the main verb, TO BE is in past.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTLuis wasn’t my friend.

This sentence is negative and in simple past because the main verb, “wasn’t” (the verb TO BE), is in past.

MAIN VERB SUBJECT COMPLEMENTWas Maria the new teacher?

Were these girls new at school?

You know this sentence is interrogative because the main verb “was” or “were” (the verb TO BE) is before the subject of the sentence. The sentence is in simple past because the verb to be is in past.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTBeatriz talked everyday last week.

Some girls went to Mexico last year.

You know this sentence is affirmative and in simple past because the main verb of these sentences, “talked” and “went”, are in the past form.


Rose didn’t study for the exam.Students know the answer.

You know these sentences are in simple past because there is the auxiliary verb “didn’t”.

AUXILIARY VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

Did the school have a swimming pool?they like the food?

You know these sentences are negative and in simple past because there is the auxiliary verb “did”.

NOTICE THAT THE MAIN VERB GOES IN THE BASE FORM IN NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.

In present and past progressive, we have the following conditions.

TENSEAUXILIARY

VERB MAIN VERB EXPLANATION

Present ProgressiveVerb TO BE in

present. (am, is, are) Gerund

(ING)


interrogative.Past Progressive Verb TO BE in past. (was, were)

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTNatalia is living in Cali.

Students are paying the bills.

You know these sentences are in present progressive because there is the verb TO BE, in present as an auxiliary and the main verb is a GERUND (ing).

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENTNatalia was living in Cali.

Students were paying the bills.

You know these sentences are in past progressive because there is the verb TO BE, in past as an auxiliary and the main verb is a GERUND (ing).

In Present and Past, Perfect and Progressive, we have the following conditions.

TENSE AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB EXPLANATIONPresent Perfect Have(n’t)/has(n’t) Past

participle. If the sentence is affirmative, negative or

interrogative.

Past Perfect Had(n’t)Present Perfect

ProgressiveHave(n’t)/has(n’t)

+ beenGerund

Past Perfect Progressive Had(n’t) + been


Roberto has lived here for years.My friends have studied at San Mateo since 1999.

You know these sentences are in present perfect because there is the verb HAVE, in PRESENT as an auxiliary and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE.

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB

MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

Jenny has been eating peanuts.Students have been reading this presentation for 20 minutes.

You know these sentences are in present perfect progressive because there is the verb HAVE in PRESENT, the verb TO BE in past participle as auxiliaries and the main verb is a GERUND.


Roberto had lived here for years.My friends studied at San Mateo since 1999.

You know these sentences are in past perfect because there is the verb HAVE, in PAST (HAD) as an auxiliary and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE.

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB

MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

Jenny had been eating peanuts.Students reading this presentation for 20 minutes.

You know these sentences are in past perfect progressive because there is the verb HAVE in PAST, the verb TO BE in past participle as auxiliaries and the main verb is a GERUND.

In future, future progressive, future perfect and future perfect progressive, we have the following conditions.

TENSE AUXILIARY VERB MAIN VERB EXPLANATIONFuture (will) Will/won’t

Base form If the sentence is affirmative, negative or

interrogative.

Future (be going to)is, are, am +

going toFuture Progressive Will + be gerund

Future Perfect Will have past participle


Ligiawill

stay in this house for three months.

Everyone be happy at the end of the year.

You know these sentences are in future because there is the verb WILL, as an auxiliary and the main verb is in the BASE FORM.

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB GOING TO MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

Ligiais going to

stay in this house for three months.

Everyone be happy at the end of the year.

You know these sentences are in future progressive because there is the verb BE, as an auxiliary, BE GOING TO and the main verb is a GERUND.


Camilowill be

working at 2 o’clockDiana flying to

Canada on July 4.

You know these sentences are in future progressive because there are the verbs WILL and BE in the base form as auxiliaries and the main verb is a GERUND.


Alex will have finished by 8:00Angela eaten two cupcakes by 10:00

You know these sentences are in future perfect because there are the verbs WILL and HAVE in the base form as auxiliaries and the main verb is a PAST PARTICIPLE.

THE END

in order to know the tense of a sentence, you have to analyze its parts. you can divide sentences by...

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