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Controlling Aquatic Weeds in Small Lakes and Ponds with Powerful Solutions from UPI

“Fishermen everywhere know there’s just something special about fishing in small lakes and ponds that are full of healthy fish.” – Bill Dance

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Table of Contents:

FAQS .......................................................................................................... 2-3

Smart Solutions from UPI .............................................................................. 4

Products:

Aquathol® K Herbicide ............................................................................... 5-6

Aquathol® Super K Herbicide .................................................................... 7-8

Current® Herbicide ................................................................................... 9-10

Hydrothol® Granular Algicide and Herbicide ............................................. 11-12

Symmetry® NXG Algicide ........................................................................ 13-14

Aquatic Weed and Algae Identification ...................................................... 15-22

Growing Trophy Bass ................................................................................ 23-24

Useful Information and Formulas ............................................................... 25-26

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UPI has the solutions you need to keep your small lake or pond clean, healthy, beautiful and fishable all year long.

Bill Dance is right… for a fisherman, the privilege of being on a pretty lake or pond is worth its weight in gold. So, it’s easy to understand why the sight of a small lake or pond covered in algae or overgrown with submerged weeds is downright UGLY!!!!!

UPI provides aquatic herbicides and algicides that are not toxic to humans or fish when used according to the label. These products are designed to interfere with PLANT processes and therefore have no impact on fish or humans—which is great news for any fisherman out to catch trophy fish.

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When should I treat my small lake or pond? When treating for submerged aquatic weeds, treat early in the spring when the weeds are growing. When treating algae, begin early in the season and continue as needed. Algae are very prolific, and thus have several generations in a season, so multiple treatments are common.

How do I choose which product to use? Since every pond and lake has unique needs, there is no blanket recommendation. Before calling a supplier, we recommend that you try to determine which plants and algae are present in your pond / lake by:– Taking a good photo to help identify nuisance species– Using UPI’s Submerged Weed & Algae Guide in this brochure or on the website

What factors affect weed control most when treating weeds and algae? The rate is very important, however the exposure time can be just as important. The rates recommended on the label for “whole lake or pond” treatments assume the water movement is minimal. This provides an “exposure time” that subjects the weeds to the herbicide for a period of time, and when combined with the proper rate, results in excellent weed control.

Whether you do it yourself, or hire a professional, the UPI experts are here to help!

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UPI makes a range of aquatic herbicides and algicides for your unique needs.

The product line for small lakes and ponds includes:

– Aquathol® K Herbicide

– Aquathol® Super K Herbicide

– Current® Herbicide

– Hydrothol® Granular Algicide and Herbicide

– Symmetry® NXG Algicide

SMART SOLUTIONS FROM UPI

UPI’s products are easy to apply, and they make the EXACT formulation for your particular requirements.

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AQUATHOL® K HERBICIDE

Aquathol® K is one of the most versatile and effective aquatic herbicides ever developed. It’s an excellent Aquatic Habitat Management tool that can provide season-long control of a broad spectrum of submerged weeds often found in small lakes and ponds. Aquathol K is not toxic to fish or other aquatic organisms when applied according to the label, and has a relatively short half-life in water. Aquathol K provides aquatic weed control in a relatively short time, generally 3 to 4 weeks. Aquathol K can provide long-term control, depending upon the application timing and the target species. There are no restrictions on treated water used for swimming, fishing or irrigation*.

Aquathol® K Quick Facts: Minimal water use restrictions* Not toxic to fish Short half-life in the environment Excellent product for small lakes and ponds Can provide season-long control

*Read and follow label directions.

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AQUATHOL® K HERBICIDE

Controls Weeds Including:

– Coontail (Ceratophyllum spp.)– Horned Pondweed (Zannichellia palustris)– Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)– Milfoil (Myriophyllum spp.)– Naiad (Najas spp.)

– Pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.)• American Pondweed (P. nodosus)

• Curlyleaf Pondweed (P. crispus)

• Illinois Pondweed (P. illinoensis)

• Floating-leaf (P. natans)

– Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) – Water Stargrass (Heteranthera spp.)

Typical calculation to determine volume of Aquathol® K needed*:

Surface Area: 1.5 acres; Average Depth: 4 ft.

Rate of Aquathol K needed: 1-2 ppm

Gallons of Aquathol K: 0.6 – 1.3 gal. per acre ft.

1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x (0.6-1.3 gal per acre ft.) = 3.6 to 7.8 gallons of Aquathol K required.

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AQUATHOL® SUPER K HERBICIDE

Aquathol® Super K is a unique, concentrated granular formulation and—like Aquathol K—is a highly versatile and effective granular aquatic herbicide. It’s an excellent Aquatic Habitat Management tool that can provide season-long control of a broad spectrum of submerged weeds often found in small lakes and ponds. Aquathol Super K is not toxic to fish or other aquatic organisms when applied according to the label, and has a relatively short half-life in water. Aquathol Super K provides aquatic weed control in a relatively short time, generally 3 to 4 weeks. Aquathol Super K can provide long-term control, depending upon the application timing and the target species. There are no restrictions on treated water used for swimming, fishing or irrigation*.

Aquathol® Super K Quick Facts: Minimal water use restrictions* Not toxic to fish Short half-life in the environment Can provide season long-control Excellent product for small lakes and ponds Easy to apply*Read and follow label directions.

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AQUATHOL® SUPER K HERBICIDE


– Coontail (Ceratophyllum spp.)– Horned Pondweed (Zannichellia palustris)– Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)– Milfoil (Myriophyllum spp.)– Naiad (Najas spp.)

– Pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.)• American Pondweed (P. nodosus)




– Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) – Water Stargrass (Heteranthera spp.)

Typical calculation to determine volume of Aquathol® Super K needed*:


Rate of Aquathol Super K needed: 1-2 ppm

Pounds of Aquathol Super K: 4.4 – 8.8 lbs per acre ft.

1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x (4.4 lbs – 8.8 lbs per acre ft.) = 26 to 52 lbs of Aquathol Super K required.

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CURRENT® HERBICIDE

Current® is a copper based, aquatic herbicide that is fast-acting and controls a broad range of aquatic plants. There are no restrictions on the use of treated water. It is an excellent choice where quick results are needed, providing control in 7 to 10 days. Although Current provides fast results, multiple applications may be required during the growing season.

Current® Quick Facts: Fast-acting No water use restrictions Not toxic to fish when used according to the label directions


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CURRENT® HERBICIDE


– Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)

Typical calculation to determine volume of Current® needed*:


Rate of Current needed: 1 ppm

Gallons of Current: 3.3 gal. per acre ft.

1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x 3.3 gal. per ac. ft. = 19.8 gallons of Current required.

Suppresses Weeds Including:

– Brazilian Elodea (Egeria densa)

– Coontail (Ceratophyllum spp.)

– Elodea (Elodea canadensis)

– Naiad (Najas spp.)

– Pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.)

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HYDROTHOL® GRANULAR ALGICIDE AND HERBICIDE

Hydrothol® Granular provides control of both weeds and algae. Used primarily as an algicide at rates of 0.05-0.3 ppm, it provides excellent control of a broad spectrum of algae including planktonic, filamentous and branched algae. It works relatively quickly, providing algae control in a few days. There are no restrictions on treated water used for swimming, fishing or irrigation*.

Typical calculation to determine volume of Hydrothol® Granular needed*:

Surface Area: 1.5 acres; Average Depth: 4 ft.; Rate of Hydrothol Granular needed: 0.2 to 1.0 ppm; Pounds of Hydrothol Granular: 10.0 – 54.0 lbs per acre ft.

1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x (10.0 to 54.0 lbs per acre ft.) = 60 to 324 lbs of Hydrothol Granular required.

0.5 ppm of Hydrothol Granular controls most weeds and algae in small lakes and ponds. 1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x 27 lbs (0.5 ppm) = 162 lbs.

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HYDROTHOL® GRANULAR ALGICIDE AND HERBICIDE


Controls Weeds and Algae Including:

Weeds:– Brazilian Elodea (Egeria densa)– Cabomba (Cabomba spp.)– Coontail (Ceratophyllum spp.)– Elodea (Elodea canadensis)– Horned Pondweed

(Zannichellia palustris)– Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)– Milfoil (Myriophyllum spp.)– Naiad (Najas spp.)– Pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.)

• American Pondweed (P. nodosus)




• Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata)

– Water Stargrass (Heteranthera spp.)

Algae:– Planktonic: Common algae

such as Anabaena, Microcystis, Hydrodictyon, Aphanizomenon, Closterium, and Oscillatoria

– Filamentous: including Spirogyra and Pithophora

– Branched: including Nitella and Chara

Typical calculation to determine volume of Hydrothol® Granular needed*:

Surface Area: 1.5 acres; Average Depth: 4 ft.; Rate of Hydrothol Granular needed: 0.2 to 1.0 ppm; Pounds of Hydrothol Granular: 10.0 – 54.0 lbs per acre ft.

1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x (10.0 to 54.0 lbs per acre ft.) = 60 to 324 lbs of Hydrothol Granular required.

0.5 ppm of Hydrothol Granular controls most weeds and algae in small lakes and ponds. 1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x 27 lbs (0.5 ppm) = 162 lbs.

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SYMMETRY® NXG ALGICIDE

Symmetry® NXG is a copper-based, liquid algicide that provides broad spectrum control of most algae species. The product works quickly, and there are no water use restrictions. It can be tank mixed with Hydrothol 191, or other aquatic herbicides, to improve efficacy on algae and to broaden the spectrum to include vascular plants.

Symmetry® NXG Quick Facts: No water use restrictions Broad spectrum algicide Quick-acting

Typical calculation to determine volume of Symmetry® NXG needed*:


Rate of Symmetry NXG needed: 0.2 – 0.5 ppm

Gallons of Symmetry NXG: 0.7 to 1.7 gal. per acre ft.

1.5 acres x 4 ft. avg. depth x 0.7 to 1.7 gal. per ac. ft. = 4 to 10 gallons of Symmetry NXG required.

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SYMMETRY® NXG ALGICIDE

Controls the following types of Algae:

– Planktonic: Common algae such as Anabaena, Microcystis, Hydrodictyon, Aphanizomenon, Closterium, and Oscillatoria

– Filamentous: including Spirogyra and Pithophora

– Branched: including Nitella and Chara


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AQUATIC WEED IDENTIFICATION

Brazilian Elodea(Egeria densa)

UPI Products: Current®

Hydrilla(Hydrilla verticillata)

UPI Products: Aquathol® K, Aquathol® Super K, Hydrothol® Granular, Current®

Elodea(Elodea canadensis)

UPI Products: Current®, Hydrothol® Granular

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Elodea canadensis

Smooth to the touch

Serrulate leaf margins barely evident without magnification

Leaves in whorls of 3

Egeria densa

Smooth to the touch

Serrulate leaf margins barely visible without magnification

Leaves in whorls of 3-6

Hydrilla verticillata

Rough to the touch

Sharply toothed leaf margins, usually evident without magnification

Leaves in whorls of 3-8

Identifying Hydrilla, Egeria, and Elodea

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American Pondweed(Potamogeton nodosus)

UPI Products: Aquathol® K, Aquathol® Super K, Hydrothol® Granular

Curlyleaf Pondweed(Potamogeton crispus)


American Pondweed

Alternate leaves, pointed at the tip, submerged and floating leaves.

Curlyleaf Pondweed

Alternate leaves, broadly-pointed tips with toothed

and wavy margins.

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Illinois Pondweed(Potamogeton illinoensis)


Horned Pondweed(Zannichellia palustris)


Horned Pondweed

Long, linear, thread-like leaves that are opposite. Horn shaped seeds occur in the leaf axis.

Illinois Pondweed

Floating and submerged leaves, submerged

leaves are 2-8” long, tapering at both ends

with wavy margins.

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Sago Pondweed(Stuckenia pectinata)


Water Stargrass(Heteranthera spp.)


Sago Pondweed

Alternate thin grass-like leaves that grow to a point.

Water Stargrass

Alternate thin stalkless leaves. Plants often have

a star like yellow flower.

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Eurasian Watermilfoil(Myriophyllum spicatum)


Coontail(Ceratophyllum demersum)UPI Products: Aquathol® K, Aquathol® Super K, Hydrothol® Granular

Eurasian Watermilfoil

Feather-like leaves that are arranged 4 to a whorl. Seed spikes are often emerged.

Coontail

Lacks true roots, stalkless leaves occur in brush-like whorls of as many as 12.

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Branched Algae(Chara)

UPI Products: Hydrothol® Granular, Symmetry® NXG

Naiad(Najas spp.)


Naiad

Slender stems that branch often, leaves are often opposite and in whorls and vary from green to redish purple.

Branched Algae

Grow upright, plant-like structures, leaves grow in

whorls. Structure feels hard or brittle. When crushed produce a distinct garlic

or skunky odor.

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AQUATIC ALGAE IDENTIFICATION

Filamentous Algae(Pithophora)


Planktonic Algae(Anabaena)


Filamentous Algae

Made up of coarse filaments that branch irregularly. When held is described as a wet ball of cotton or clump of horse hair. (Spirogyra)

Planktonic Algae

ex. Anabaena, Microsystis, Hydrodictyon, Aphanizomenon,

Closterium, and Oscillatoria: Appear as green suspended particles in the water column

capable of “tinting” the water from light green

to “pea” green.

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The following are key to growing trophy bass:

– Proper harvest of small bass will allow for more desirable size distribution of the bass population. Over population results in small, stunted fish that do not have sufficient prey.

– Stocking additional prey will help to assure fish have an adequate food supply to grow to trophy size. Stocking additional prey will not produce trophy bass if small bass are not harvested.

– Small lakes and ponds must have the proper fertility to support beneficial algae and zooplankton. The food chain has to be complete so that bass can take advantage of the available food and cover to grow to trophy size.

Managing aquatic weeds will make it easier to access bass and other game fish in small lakes and ponds.

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10

20

30

40

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Fish Size (inches)

Num

ber

of F

ish

The Larger the Lake, the Smaller the Fish

Before Treatment

After Treatment

Num

ber

of

Fis

h

Fish Size (Inches)

Before treatment

After treatment

The following chart demonstrates how proper management of small lakes and ponds can result in larger bass, providing the opportunity to catch the trophy of a lifetime:

“The larger the fish population in a lake, the smaller the fish.”

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USEFUL INFORMATION AND FORMULAS

Acre: 43,560 square feet.

Acre Foot: The volume of water in one acre, one ft. deep. One acre ft. of water is 325,828 gal.; one acre ft. of water is 2,717,000 lbs.

Parts Per Million: Rates of UPI Aquatic Herbicides are calculated in ppm. The pounds of active ingredient in one million pounds of water.

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USEFUL INFORMATION AND FORMULAS

Generally square or rectangular:Area = length x widthTo calculate the acre ft.:• 255 ft. x 255 ft. = 65,025 sq. ft.• 65,025 sq. ft. ÷ 43,560 ft./ac. = 1.5 acres• 1.5 acres x 4 ft. average depth = 6 acre ft.

Somewhat circular:Area = πr2

To calculate the acre ft.:• 3.14 x (200 ft. x 200 ft.) = 125,600 sq. ft.• 125,699 sq. ft. ÷ 43,560 sq. ft./ac. = 2.9 acres• 2.9 acres x 4 ft. average depth = 11.6 acre ft.

255 ft.

255

ft.

Diameter 400 ft.

How to calculate the size of a small lake or pond:

UPI experts are here to help, if you have questions. Please feel free to contact us at: 800-438-6071.

www.upi-usa.com/aquatics6/14 3M

Thanks to Dr. John Rogers, Clemson University, and Dr. Barre Hellquist, Professor Emeritus, Massachusetts College

of Liberal Arts, for providing photos for this publication.

Dedicated to our late friend and associate Victor Ramey (June 21, 1948 to November 24, 2005)

who provided many of the photos in this publication.

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