in thailand’s national€¦ · overview of thailand’s forest policy . background area: 513,000...
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Gender Mainstreaming in Thailand’s National
Forest Policy
By Mr.Pralong Dumrongthai
Director of Community Forest Management Bureau
Royal Forest Department
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Part 1
Overview of Thailand’s Forest Policy
www.forest.go.th
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Background
Area: 513,000 km2
Climate: tropical
Population: 65 million
Temp: 28 oC
Rainfall: 1,250-4,000 mm
Population density: 1,269 people/km2 in municipal areas 89.1 people/km2 in non municipal areas.
www.forest.go.th
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Forest Resource situation in Thailand
In 1961, a total forest area in Thailand was approximately 53% of its total area.
Currently, existing forest area is about 34%.
National forest cover target set up in 1986 was 40%.
www.forest.go.th
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Type of functional areas based on forest laws
Department of Marine Coast Resources
missions focus on mangrove and beach forests, but
any work is required to collaborate with RFD due to law constraints.
Forest is defined as that land has not been
acquired any other means in relation to land laws (All
forestlands are state property). All forestlands are overseen by Royal Forest
Department excluding protected forests declared by
Department of National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Plant
Conservation.
www.forest.go.th
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(1) Forest Resource protection
• Royal Forest Department has established 498 field forest
protection units
• 2,563 cases of confiscation for illegal encroachment within
national reserve forests which caused 2,993 ha of forest
degradation
• RFD has established 18 regional forest fire control centers across
the country
www.forest.go.th
Activies under Royal Forest Department
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www.forest.go.th
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www.forest.go.th
(2) Forest Land Management (Site demarcation)
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Nursery establishment
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(3) Forest Restoration and extension
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Distribution of seedlings for planting within household yards by the Royal Forest Department
www.forest.go.th
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Tree planting www.forest.go.th
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Consultation with stakeholders www.forest.go.th
(4) Forest Extension and development
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Awareness enhancement and information distribution
www.forest.go.th
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Training, field study, and
Brainstorming
www.forest.go.th
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www.forest.go.th
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In Thailand, CSR has increasingly become to influence to Thai societies in several social perspectives. Particularly in forestry, in the past few years, some private companies have involved to sustainable forest-based communities
www.forest.go.th
(5) CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
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www.forest.go.th
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Part 2
On-going initiatives on gender mainstreaming in Thailand’s
Forest policy
www.forest.go.th
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Thailand population in 2013
http://www.ipsr.mahidol.ac.th/ipsr-th/population_thai.html
Gender Population (millions)
Total 64,623,000
Male 31,438,000
Female 33,185,000
64,623,000
31,438,000
33,185,000
- 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000
Total
Female
Male
www.forest.go.th
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Equality between men and women in the past (esp. forestry sector)
In the past, gender equality was not in balance. Role and responsibility are controlled by men as represented in the Thai aphorism referring to elephant (Thai symbolic animal) that men are its forefoot, while women are its hind. Due to men are commonly the family leader. Women are housewife. Therefore, men have more power.
In the past, only men could enrolled in the faculty of forestry. Women students just began to recruit in 1977 after the faculty established for 42 years
www.forest.go.th
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Equality between men and women (now)
Now, women hold several roles which have been conducted by men
First lady prime minister
• Yingluk Shinnawatra
Deputy permanent secretary of ministry of natural resources and environment
• Mingkwan Wichayarangsarit
www.forest.go.th
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Related policy and plan
The 1997 Constitutional law
Article 30 paragraph 2 and Article 80
Women in the Development Plan, the National Economic and Social Development
Plan No. 11 (BE 2555-2559)
Building Thai society with equality
RFD Master plan on promoting equality between women and men
Commit and support to staffs and the public to get gender equality and fairness
www.forest.go.th
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The 1997 Constitutional law of kingdom of Thailand
Article 30, second paragraph states that individuals are equal. Men and women have equal rights.
Article 80 stipulates that the State shall promote the equality of women. By the Cabinet passed a resolution on July 31, 2544. All departments are mandated to promote the role of women. Chief Gender Equality officer (CGEO) and Gender Focal Point (GFP) are established and coordinating the equality between women and men.
www.forest.go.th
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Women in the Development Plan, the National Economic and Social Development
Plan No. 11 (BE 2555-2559)
Commit and aim the plan for building up equal and fair society through 5 strategies Reinforce attitudes and acceptance of the equality between
women and men
Develop and increase economic and social opportunities for women
Improve quality of life and economic stability in people’s lives
Increase women opportunities in political involvement and administrative decision making at all levels
Strengthen and develop capacity building mechanisms and organization for women at all levels
www.forest.go.th
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RFD Master plan on encouragement of equality between women and men
Develop a women development based on a 4 year strategic RFD plan (2012-2015) as a model to enhance gender equality in association with the current department missions
In accordance with visions which encourage staffs and public to gain gender equality and fairness with maximum satisfaction
www.forest.go.th
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Activities and projects of RFD
Currently, RFD increases women and men's role in department activities, such as Forest protection
Forest land management
Forest restoration and extension
Forest extension and development
Forest administrative decision
www.forest.go.th
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Forest protection
Protect and suppress forest encroachment
Building up forest networks consisting of women and men to participate in raising awareness and forest protection programs
Forest land management
Increase roles of both women and men in understanding the laws and regulations
Enhance the participation in forest land demarcation, planning and decision on forest management
www.forest.go.th
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Forest restoration and extension
Both genders are encouraged in forest restoration and extension in natural, commercial and watershed forest areas
Forest administrative decision
Both male and female officers gain cognition of state of change
Participate in forest administrative management, environment and quality of living
www.forest.go.th
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Forest extension and development
Encourage community’s roles (both genders) to strengthen community forest activities
With no gender restriction, communities are enhanced efficiently in forest management in regard to their area landscape
Both gain role and responsibility to diminish forest degradation using villager-centered method with support by officials
www.forest.go.th
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Report on the promotion of gender equality
Office name: Community forest management bureau
Project/activity Gender
Male Female Total
1. Trainings on the promotion of community forest management for communities
1,648 352 2,000
2. Trainings on plant propagation technique under Sai yairak project 226 152 378
3. Under the project of Pitsanulok natural resources and environment learning center, RFD missions are promoted through the demonstration site based on the philosophy of community-based forest management, and wild edible plants are fully supported to village nearby.
150 90 240
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Part 3 : Challenges/gaps with regards to gender mainstreaming in forest policy
Amount of female officers in the forestry is minimal. Due to the production just began 35 years ago, where RFD has been established for 117 years
Female officials are not yet accepted as both executives and field team leaders, due to traditional and cultural issues. Also, there are now lots of male officers
Some government agencies, particularly in forestry, do not recruit female in ratio as many as male staffs
Safety reason for field work The ability to use the weapon to perform such weapons are
inferior to men, due to the strength and lack of ability to deal with offhand situation
www.forest.go.th
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Part 4 : Recommendation and suggested ways forward
Enrolling more female officers to work for field units such as field protection unit and natural park unit
Due to mild characteristics, encouraging field female officers to have more involvement in forestry promotion would make forest activities gain more effective
Raising awareness on female acceptance for forestry operation for instance promoting them to higher positions equal to male
Increase capacity building in self protection and weapon use for women
Increase sufficient welfare for women staffs such as accommodation, vehicle, necessary devices, and weapons
www.forest.go.th