iinadoSak kI irpaoT-

Director’s Report

Supra Institutional Projects: Science for development of a forecasting system for waters around India

Network Project

Biotechnology Projects

Genesis, Evaluation and Tectonic Framework of Marine Mineral and Energy Resources (GETMER) Projects

Other Projects

Understanding the Coastal Upwelling : A system biology approachto delineate web dynamics from primary to tertiary level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Ecobiogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenic pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Observations of sea level and surface meteorological data from coastal locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Engineering analysis of coastal processes for marine structures andtechnology development towards marine activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Role of the Equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the Climate Variability (EIO-CLIVAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean, atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastal ecosystems along the east coast of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of a high-nutrients-low chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with iron in combination with

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Bioprospecting and biotechnology of marine microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Habitat ecology, controlled reproduction and conservation of marine organisms

Evaluation, mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Bioactive molecules from marine environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Environmental impact analyses of mining of marine minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Deciphering deep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolution of the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Biominerals from the continental margins and conditions for their formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Seamount ferromanganese crusts in northern Indian Ocean: Genesis, paleoceanography, and resource potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Application of geological and geophysical methods in marine archaeology and underwater explorations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Marine pollution assessment and ecotoxicology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Paleoceanography of the northern Indian Ocean - An interdisciplinary approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Autonomous vehicles and instrumentation for oceanography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Marine environmental studies for sustainable developments in the coastal zone of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Biogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, and transfers across interfaces in the north Indian Ocean

with food and medicinal values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Genesis and occurrence of deep sea mineral deposits (Polymetallic Nodules). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Integrated studies to understand the behaviour of the geobiological environs in deciphering gas hydrate occurrence along the Indian continental margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and the Andaman trench-backarc system, Indian Ocean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Applications of marine geo-scientific methods to study seabed and sub-seabed geological features of near shore region of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

External ProjectsResearch CruisesDeputationsEvents

AwardsPatents & PublicationsFinances & Human ResourceResearch Council

Collaborations

CONTENTS

iinadoSak kI irpaoT-

yah vaai-Ya-k irpao-T vaYa- 2009-10 kao sammailatkrta hO,, ijasamaoM enaAa[-Aao ka svayaM ka AnausaMQaanapaot Aar.vaI isanQau saMklp (ica~ maoM doKoM), samaud` kokayaao-MMM maoM prIxaNa pirBa`maNa ko ilae saMsqaana sao jauD,a.56.5 maITr laMbao [sa paot maoM kaocaIna iSapyaaD-ilaimaToD, kaoicca maoM vyaapk saMSaaoQana ike gae, taik[sao bahu-ivaYayak samaud` iva&ana AnausaMQaana ko ilae]pyau> banaayaa jaa sako.paot ka saMsqaana maoM Saaimalahaonaa saMsqaana ko bauinayaaid ZaMcao ko ivakasa maoMmah%vapUNa- maIla ko p%qar ka saUcak hO.[sa trh kIGaTnaa saMsqaana ko [ithasa maoM kovala dao baar GaiTt hu[-hO.1977 maoM jaba 60 maITr laMbaa Aar.vaI gavaoYaNaI(1992 maoM saovaamau@t) Saaimala huAa; AaOr 2001 maoM jaba 23 maITr laMbaa saIAarvaI saagar saUi> nao saMsqaanakI saovaa Sau$ kI.enaAa[-Aao ka 80 maITr laMbaaAnausaMQaana paot Aar.vaI isaMQau saaQanaa ka 2011-12maoM saMsqaana maoM Saaimala haonaa tya ikyaa gayaa hO.

[saI vaYa- ko daOrana gaaovaa ko mau#ya pirsar maoM isqatmau#ya Bavana maoM nayaa skMQa (baayaaolaa^jaI e@saToMSana) koinamaa-Na ka kaya- pUra haonaa saMsqaana kI AaQaarBaUtsaMrcanaa ko ivakasa kI idSaa maoM ek Anya maIla ka p%qar isaw huAa hO . 15 frvarI 2010 kao iva&anaevaM p`aOVaoigakI tqaa pRqvaI iva&ana maM~I Baart sarkarevaM ]paQyaxa saIesaAa[-Aar EaI pRqvaIraja caaOhanaWara nae Bavana ka ]waTna ikyaa gayaa.nae Bavana maoMsamaud` iva&ana saMbaMQaI AnausaMQaana saiht tlaCTivaSlaoYaNa, Aa[saaoTaop ka AQyayana AaOr saUxmapairisqaitkI kI sauivaQaaeM ]plabQa hOM.Bavana maoMtlaCT kI kaor ko pirxaNa ko ilae kaolD $msa AaOrbahu ivaYayak AnausaMQaana ko ilae @laIna $msa BaI hOM.

hmaaro SaaoQa p`kaSana maoM inarMtr baZ,aotrI jaarI hO, jaaoik saMsqaana maoM ike gae AnausaMQaana kI maa~a AaOrgauNava<aa daonaaoM kI vaRiw kao dSaa-ta hO.baohtrivaklp ko ABaava p`kaSanaaoM maoM vaRiw kI maa~a inaQaa-irt krnao ko ilae vaaiYa-k kula p`BaavaI kark (saa[Msaisaesana [MDo@sa janarla ko saBaI p`kaSanaaoM ko p`BaavaIkark ko yaaoga kao saUicat krnao vaalao) saUcak kap`yaaoga ikyaa jaa rha hO.

hala hI maoM saMsqaana Wara saava-jainak AaOr inajaI ]VaogaaoMko ilae ide jaanao vaalaI saovaaAaoM maoM BaI vaRiw hu[-hO.hala hI ko vaYaao-M maoM [na saovaaAaoM sao saMsqaana kao p`aPthaonao vaalaI Aaya 5 saala phlao kI Aaya sao lagaBaga 3gaunaa AiQak hO (Civa doKoM) BaivaYya maoM doSa ko majabaUtAaiqa-k ivakasa ko calato [sa baat kI Apoxaa kI jaasaktI hO ik hmaarI saovaaAaoM kI maaMga AaOrbaZ,ogaI.AaOr [sasao BaivaYya maoM hmaarI AamadnaI maoM BaIvaRiw kI AaSaa hO.eosaI saovaaAaoM ko ilae [sa vaYa- kop`mauK piryaaojanaaAaoM maoM Baart ko pUvaI- tT ko kRYNaa-gaaodavarI baoisana sao tla evaM p`akRitk gaOsa inagama(AaoenajaIsaI) sao pyaa-varNa DoTa saMga`h AaOr mannaarkI KaD,I va pak KaD,I xao~ maoM saotusamaud`ma iSapkOnaala inagama ko ilae pyaa-varNa p`Baava ka AaklanaSaaimala hO.

AnausaMQaana evaM saovaa daonaaoM hI xao~aoM maoM ]%padkta maoM vaRiw ka ek p`mauK kark saMsqaana ko caaraoM pirsar maoMyauvaa SaaoQa Ca~ (jaoAaref/esaAaref) jaao ApnaoDa^@TroT hotu AQyayana kr rho hOM, piryaaojanaasahayak tqaa nae ga`ojaueT jaao ik Apnao paMca saMsqaanakao do sakto hOM, ka saimmalana rha hO.paMca vaYa- pUva-150 ko AaMkDo sao vat-maana maoM 400 ko krIba [nakIsaM#yaa maoM k`maSa: vaRiw hu[- hO (saMsqaana ko sqaa[- kma-caairyaaoM kI kula saM#yaa 500 hO).saIesaAa[-Aarmaanava saMsaaQana ivakasa yaaojanaaAaoM ka p`yaaoga kr kuCpiryaaojanaa sahayak SaaoQa Ca~ ko $p maoM kaya- krnaoko ivaklp ka p`yaaoga krto hOM. yah dao dRiYTkaoNa saoek sarahnaIya ivakasa hO.p`qamat: samaud`I iva&anasaMbaMQaI bauinayaadI sauivaQaaAaoM kao pUra krnao ko ilae

doSa maoM samaud` iva&ana maoM ]nnat maanava saMsaaQana kIAavaSyakta hO.iWtIyat: eosao maoM jaba saIesaAa[-Aar ApnaI vaO&ainak evaM AiBanava AnausaMQaanaAkadmaI ko maaQyama sao p`gat iSaxaa ko xao~ maoM ekvaRh<ar BaUimaka inaBaanao jaa rha hO, Apnao saMsqaana koilae yah ]pyau> samaya haogaa ik vah samaud` iva&anasaMbaMQaI iSaxaa maoM ek mah%vapUNa- BaUimaka inaBaae.samaud`iva&ana kao samaip-t yah doSa ka sabasao baD,a AaOrpuranaa saMsqaana hO.

hmaoM pUrI AaSaa hO ik [sa irpao-T maoM vaiNa-t vaYa-2009-2010 ko daOrana kI hmaarI gaitivaiQayaaoM kaopZ,kr Aapkao AanaMd Aaegaa.

ipClao kuC vaYaao-M ko daOrana enaAa[-Aao ApnaoAnausaMQaana ]%padna (p`kaSana, irpaoT- Aaid) vaOiSvakstr pr sarlata sao ]plabQa kranao ka p`yaasa kr rhahO.eosaa hI ek p`yaasa Aaopna e@saosa irpaoija,T/I(http://drs.nio.org) kI sqaapnaa ikyaa gayaahO.yah batato hue hYa- hao rha hO ik yah irpaoija,T/IivaSva kI 400 p`mau#a irpaoija,T/I maoM Saaimala kI ga[- hO.kovala 7 BaartIya irpaoija,T/I [sa saUcaI maoM idKa[-dotI hOM.hmaarI vaobasaa[T (http://nio.org) BaIlaaokip`ya hO AaOr saamaanya $p sao samaud` iva&ana kaosamaip-t ivaSva kI SaIYa- paMca vaobasaa[-TaoM maoM idKa[- dotIhO.

inadoSak kI irpaoT- Director’s Report

The year covered in this annual report, 2009-10, saw NIO's own research vessel, RV Sindhu Sankalp (see photograph), join the institute to begin trial cruises for operations at sea. The 56.5 m long vessel underwent extensive modification at the Cochin Shipyard Ltd., Kochi, to make her suitable for multidisciplinary oceanographic research. The joining of the vessel marks a major milestone in infrastructure development at the institute.Such an event has occurred only twice before in the history of the institute: in 1977 when 60 m long RV Gaveshani(decommissioned in 1992) joined; and, in 2001 when 23 m CRV Sagar Sukti started serving the institute. NIO's 80 m new research vessel RV Sindhu Sadhana is scheduled to join the institute in 2011-12.

During the year another milestone in infrastructure development was completion of a new wing (Biology Extension) of the main building of the institute on its main campus at Goa. The new building was inaugurated on 15 February, 2010, by Shri Prithviraj Chavan, Hon'ble Ministeror Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Government of India, and Vice-Presidentof CSIR. The new building has facilities to support oceanographic research, including sediment analysis, isotope studies, and microbial ecology. The building also has cold rooms to preserve sediment cores and clean rooms for multidisciplinary research.

Our research publications continue to grow, reflecting increase in both quantity and quality of research carried out in the institute. For lack of a better alternative, one indicator that has been used to quantify growth in publications is annual total Impact Factor, i.e. sum of Impact Factors of all publications in Science Citation Index journals during a year. Thishas shown significant growth in recent years, including this year (see figure).

Services offered by the institute to public and private industries have also increased

significantly lately. Earnings of the institute from the services during the last couple of years are almost three times higher than what they were five years ago (see figure). A robust economic growth of the country is expected to bring more requests for our services in the years to come and we expect the earnings to increase further in the years ahead. Thisyear's major projects for such services include environmental data collection in the Krishna-Godavari basin off the east coast of India for the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and environment impact assessment for the Sethusamudram Ship Canal Corporation in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay region.

One of the factors that have helped in achieving increase in productivity both in research and in services is infusion of young blood on the four campuses of the institute in the form of research students (Junior/Senior Research Fellows) pursuing their doctoral studies and Project Assistants, fresh graduates who can spend at the most five years in the institute.Their number of the two together has grown from about 150 five years ago to close to 400 now (total permanent staff of the institute is about 500). Some of the Project Assistants choose to become research students using CSIR Human

Resource Development schemes. This is a welcome development from two points of view. First, the country needs advanced manpower in ocean sciences to cater to an enlarging ocean science related infrastructure. Second, with CSIR poised to take up larger role in advanced education through its Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) this is the right time for the institute to play a significant role in ocean science education, the institute being the largest and oldest institution dedicated to ocean sciences in the country.

During the last few years NIO has been striving to make its research output (publications, reports, etc.) easily accessible globally. One such effort has been setting up of an open access repository (http://drs.nio.org). It is heartening to note that the repository is now listed in the top 400 of World's Open Access Repositories. Only 7 Indian repositories appear in this list. Our website (http://nio.org) too is popular, and normally appears in the top five most popular websites dedicated to ocean sciences world over.

We sincerely hope you will enjoy learning from this report more about our activities during the year 2009-10.

thNIO's Research Projects during 11 Five Year Plan (2007-2012)

thNIO's Research Projects during 11 Five Year Plan (2007-2012)

Biology & Biotechnology GETMER Others

NWP0014- Atmosphericcarbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of a high-nutrients-low chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with iron.

in combination with

OLP0016-Biogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, and transfers across interfaces in the north Indian Ocean.

CMM0008 - Acquisition of oceanographic research vessel (ORV) for oceanographic research.

OLP0001-Bioprospectingand biotechnology of marine microorganisms.

OLP0002-Habitatecology, controlled reproduction and conservation of marine organisms with food and medicinal values.

OLP0004-Evaluation,mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling.

OLP0005-Bioactivemetabolites from marine environment.

OLP0006- Environmental impact analyses of mining of marine minerals.

OLP0011- Genesis and occurrence of deep sea mineral deposits (Polymetallic Nodules).

OLP0012-Integratedstudies to understand the behaviour of the geobiological environs in deciphering gas hydrate occurrence along the Indian continental margins.

OLP0018-Decipheringdeep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolution of the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins.

OLP0019-Biomineralsfrom the continental margins and conditions for their formation.

OLP0020-Seamountferromanganese crusts in northern Indian Ocean: Genesis,paleoceanography, and resource potential.

OLP0003- Indian climate and phytoplankton variability.

OLP0008- Application of geological and geophysical methods in marine archaeology and underwater explorations.

OLP0009- Marine pollution assessment and ecotoxicology.

OLP0010 -Paleoceanography of the northern Indian Ocean - an interdisciplinary approach.

OLP0013- Autonomousvehicles and instrumentation for oceanography.

OLP0014- Marine environmental studies for sustainable developments in the coastal zone of India.

OLP0015- Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan.

OLP0021-Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and the Andamantrench-back arc system, Indian Ocean.

OLP0022- Applications of marine geo-scientific methods to study seabed & sub-seabed geological features of near shore

Supra Institutional Project (SIP13)

Science for development of a forecasting system for

CSIR Network Projects

Other Laboratory Projects (OLP)

NWP0carbonseques

OLP00impactmining

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OLP00geologmethod

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OLP00assessecotox

OLP00Paleocnorthei t di

OLP00vehicleinstrum

OLP00environsustaini th

OLP00tectoniof ECM

OLP00and hyproces

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OLP00marinemetho& sub-

OLP00occurrminera(P l( y

OLP00studiesbehav

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OLP00deep ctecton

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OLP00from thmarginf h

OLP00ferromnortheG

CMM0oceanvesse

OLP00and bimarine

OLP00ecologreprod

OLP00mechaof biof

OLP00metabenviro

SIP1301-Understandingcoastal upwelling- ASystem biology approach to delineate web-dynamics from primary to tertiary level.

SIP1302 -Eco-biogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India.

SIP1303- Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenic pressures.

SIP1304-Observations of sea level and surface meteorological data from coastal locations.

SIP1305-Engineeringanalysis of coastal processes for marine structures and technology development towards marine activities.

SIP1306-Role of the equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the climate variability (EIO-CLIVAR).

SIP1307- Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean, atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS).

SIP1308-Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastal ecosystems along the east coast of India.

the water around India

region of India

Understanding the coastal upwelling : A system biology approachto delineate web-dynamics from primary to tertiary level

Achuthankutty, S.

Gauns, M.U.

Ingole, B.S.

Loka Bharathi, P.A.Mamatha, S.S.

(a) (b)

1

Benthic -pelagic coupling is reflected in work carried out at Chorao and in AntarcticPolynia. Studies on oil spill along our coast during the critical stages of the life cycleof organisms, therefore stress on the maintenance of biodiversity. Newreports/species include Suctorian epibionts Thecacineta calix from Andaman Sea ,Limnoricusponticus Dovgal, from Indian Ocean, and F. arabica sp. nov., from Indiancoast. Sixty nine macroinvertebrates have been encountered in the benthic Polynia.Microbes link these organisms either as a source of food or in interactions with the environment. Measurements of nitrate reducing activity by bacteria in the MandoviEstuary suggest the dominant role of limnotolerant bacteria. The bacterialcontribution for bringing about discernible variability in DMSP, a precursor of DMSan anti-green house gas has also highlighted. Studies on Thraustochytrids, thesingle-celled, marine stramenopilan protists, showed that their distribution waspatchy and less frequent in the equatorial Indian Ocean but their average biomass could sometimes be higher than bacteria.

Abundance and production of particle-associated bacteria and their role in a mangrove-dominatedestuaryDeSouza, M.J.B.D.; Nair, S.; LokaBharathi, P.A.; Chandramohan, D.

A 1 yr study was carried out in the mangrove-dominated, tropical Mandovi estuary (Goa, India) to assess the contribution of particle-associated bacteria (PAB) to the system's variability in terms of abundance and productivity. The suspended load, was composed of inorganic mineral grains and allochthonous materials including mangrove litter, was high during the southwest (SW) monsoon season. The ratio of organic:inorganic content of these particles was low during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. PAB

10abundance ranged from 0.01 x 1010 -2to 22.8 x 10 m and accounted for

4 to 94% of the total bacterial abundance. The variation in PAB abundance was due to their preferential colonization, which

depended on the quantity and quality of the particles. The average annual PAB production was 214 g

-2 -1C m d and contributed to an average of 35% of the total bacterial production. Primary productivity (PP) was 137, 14, and

-2 -1163μg Cm d for the pre-monsoon, SW monsoon, and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The calculated maximum bacterial carbon demand (BCD) of PAB was 37% of the total BCD. On an annual basis, <1% of PP contributed to PAB-BCD. It is suggested that the rest of the BCD was met from mangrove litter and other allochthonous sources. Principal component analysis showed that biotic parameters were predictors for ~50% of the variability and had a marked seasonality linked to salinity. The allochthonous sources contributed significantly to the structure of the biological community of this mangrove-dominated estuary.

Macrofaunal community structure in the western Indian continental margin including the oxygen minimum zoneIngole, B.S.; Sautya, S.; Sivadas, S.; Singh, R.; Nanajkar, M.

Patterns of macrofaunal distributionwere studied along the westernIndian continental margin todistinguish the role of habitatheterogeneity in generating andmaintaining community structure.A transect perpendicular to thecoast at 14ºN latitude was selectedfor seabed sampling. Eight stationswere sampled in the depth range34-2546 m and characterized withrespect to macrofaunal composition,abundance, biomass, diversity andfeeding type. The sediments in theshelf region (34, 48, 100 m) andupper slope (525 m) werecharacterized by silty and sandyfacies, whereas the mid slope (1001m), lower slope (1524 m) and basin(2001, 2546 m) consisted of clayeysilts. The highest value of sedimentchlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and totalorganic carbon (C ) were recordedorg

from the mid slope areas. Faunalabundance and biomass increasedfrom the shallow to deeper depths inthe shelf region, and decreased inthe slope region (525-1001 m) dueto the reduced bottom-water oxygen.The community parameters showedan overall increase in both the lowerslope and basin areas. A total of 81macro-invertebrate speciesbelonging to five major groupsrepresented the macrofauna of the

Annual variation in the total bacterial (TBA) and particle-associated bacterial (PABA)abundance in the Mandovi estuary

Monthly variation in primary productivity and chl a

(a((((((( ) (b(((((((( )

area. Polychaeta was the majorgroup at all depths. Amongpolychaete families, species of theSpionidae, particularly Prionospiopinnata, predominated at theoxygen minimum zone (OMZ) coreand Cossuridae dominated in thelower part of the OMZ in sedimentsof the mid slope region (1001 mdepth). Species diversity was higherin the basin than in the sloperegion. Fluctuations in diversityappear to be partly due to thebottom-water dissolved oxygen (DO)gradient which includes values thatare below the oxygen tolerance ofmany benthic species. Further,Margalef's index (d) andShannon–Wiener index (H`) showeda significant negative (P < 0.01)relationship between sedimentChl-a and C , suggesting foodorg

availability as a critical factor inspecies dominance. Results ofmultivariate analyses suggest thatfor continental margin fauna,different physiographic provincesand an oxygen gradient have ahigher influence on the speciescomposition and diversity thanother oceanographic conditions.

Harbours are heavily stressed coastalhabitats characterised by highconcentration of contaminant andlow diversity of benthic community.The west coast of India harboursmost of the major harbours

A comparative study of macrobenthic community from harbours along the central west coast of IndiaIngole, B.S.; Sivadas, S.; Nanajkar, M.; Sautya, S.; Nag, A.

compared to the east coast. Very fewstudies have compared themacrobenthic community betweendifferent Indian harbours. This studywas conducted in three importantharbour (Ratnagiri, Goa, Karwar)along the central west coast of India.The health status of the threeharbours diagnosed using variousbiotic indices are studied. Sedimentsamples were collected using van

2Veen grab (0.11 m ) on board CRVSagar Sukti. A total of 55macrobenthic taxa were identifiedand were numerically dominated bypolychaete. Biomass was high (0.14 -

- 2145.7 g m and was made largely byechiurans (>80 %). Overall,polychaete dominated themacrobenthic diversity.Opportunistic P.pinnata, Notomastussp. and Mediomastus sp., dominatedthe macrobenthic communityresponding to the increased in theharbour. Biotic indices(Polychaete:Amphipod ratio, ABCcurve and geometric classabundance) and the dominance ofopportunistic species indicate that,the three harbours are under stressfrom anthropogenic activities.

The sea is considered as holding aclue to many known and unknownbiologically active compounds. Afamily of protein named GreenFluorescent Proteins (GFP)-likeproteins, initially isolated frommarine organisms, started a trend in

Evolving trends in biosciences: Multi-purpose proteins - GFP and GFP-like proteinsKrishna, K.; Ingole, B.S.

biotechnological research, which isexpanding day-by-day. A gross reviewof the same is presented here dealingwith their occurrence, chemistry,applications, phylogenic analysis andthe Indian perspective. Theseproteins are present in a wide varietyof marine organisms, from corals tojellyfish. Chromophore in theseproteins is composed of three aminoacid residues, Ser65–Try66–Gly67,and requires molecular oxygen for itsmaturation. Its applications includeuse in in vivo imaging as well as inplant biology. Thus, the protein hasbecome one of the most importanttools used in contemporarybiosciences. Though the very firstprotein identified was from thejellyfish Aequorea victoria in the1960s, the list is ever-expanding withnot only the fluorescent but also thenon-fluorescent proteins beingconnected to the same superfamily.Hence, they also offer help in thephylogenetic analysis of differentorganisms, to know which period ofevolution has diverted a particularspecies. As GFP-like proteins havenumerous applications under theirspectrum, they can be aptly called as'multi-purpose proteins'.

Nitrification, fuelled by ammonium isthe pivotal oxidative pathway tonitrogen cycling. In spite of itsecological significance, the factorsregulating nitrification rates in thebenthic realm remain poorlyunderstood. This study examinessome of the factors like ammonium,nitrite, nitrate, organic carbon, ironand manganese on down-corevariability in benthic nitrificationrates in two different mangroveecosystems, one under the influenceof ferromanganese ore mining(experiment) and the other relativelyundisturbed (control). It ishypothesized that besides organiccarbon, iron could also influence therate of nitrification. The study alsocontrasts the distributive pattern ofautotrophic and heterotrophicnitrifiers in the two regions. Theconcentration of iron at the control

Organic carbon and iron modulate nitrification rates in mangrove swamps of Goa, south west coast of IndiaKrishnan, K.P.; LokaBharathi, P.A.

-2Macrofaunal abundance (ind-m ) along depth

2

site ranged from 1.1% to 15.1% whileat the experimental site it rangedfrom 2.9% to 46%. The levels oforganic carbon at control andexperimental sites ranged from0.02% to 6.9% and 0.1% to 6.5%,respectively. The nitrification rates atthe control and experimental sites arecomparable and ranged from 3.2 ±1.2

-1 -1to 18.4 ±1.9 ng at-N g(sediment) hand 2.7 ±1.5 to 18.2 ±0.6 ng at-N

-1 -1g(sediment) h , respectively. Whilethe abundance of heterotrophicnitrifiers at both the sites ranged

2-3 -1from 10 cells g sediment, theautotrophic nitrifiers at theexperimental site was higher by an

3 -1order at ~ 10 cells g sedimentreflecting the relatively higherrefractile nature of organic carbon atthe experimental site (Straus andLamberti, 2000). Though organiccarbon and nitrification rates aresimilar in both the sites, theunderlying mechanisms governingthe processes could be different. Thestudies suggest that at the controlsite, heterotrophic nitrifiers governnitrification rates (r = 0.28, p < 0.05,n = 64) using organic carbon (r =0.32, p < 0.01, n = 64). At theexperimental site, nitrification wasgoverned more by autotrophicnitrifiers (r = 0.43, p < 0.001, n = 64)at the expense of iron (r = 0.47, p <0.001, n = 64). Therefore at theexperimental site with higher load ofiron, autotrophic nitrification couldbe more important. It is thereforeinferred that both the quality oforganic carbon and quantity of irongovern nitrification rates in thesemangrove swamps.

The significance of freshwatersystems in global manganese cyclesis well appreciated. Yet, the polarsystems, which encompass thelargest freshwater repository in theworld, have been least studied fortheir role in manganese cycling.Results from a study that wasconducted in the brackish waterlakes in the Larsemann Hills region(east Antarctica) is presented. The

Microbially mediated redox transformations of manganese (II) along with some other trace elements: a study from Antarctic lakesKrishnan, K.P.; Sinha, R.K.; Krishna, K.; Nair, S.; Singh, S.M.

rate of in situ manganese oxidation-1ranged from 0.04 to 3.96 ppb day .

These lakes harbor numerous5manganese-oxidizing bacteria (10 to

6 -110 CFU l ), predominantlybelonging to genera Shewanella,Pseudomonas and an unclassifiedgenus in the familyOxalobacteriaceae. Experiments wereconducted with representatives ofpredominant genera to understandtheir contribution to Mn cycling andalso to assess their metaboliccapabilities in the presence of thismetal. In general, the total andrespiring cell counts were stimulatedto a maximum when the growthmedium was amended with 10 mMmanganese. The addition ofmanganese promoted the use of D-mannitol, maltose, etc., but inhibitedthe use of maltotriose, L-serine andglycyl L-glutamic acid. The bacterialisolates were able to catalyze both theredox reactions in manganesecycling. In vitro manganese oxidation

-1rates ranged from 3 to 147 ppb day ,while manganese reduction rates

-1ranged from 35 to 213 ppb day . Itwas also observed that the maximumstimulation of manganese oxidationoccurred in the presence of cobalt (81

-1±57 ppb day ), rather than iron (37-1±16 ppb day ) and nickel (40 ±47

-1ppb day ). Our studies suggest thatcobalt could have a more profoundrole in manganese oxidation, whilenickel promoted manganesereduction in polar aquatic systems.

The three major harbours from thecentral west coast of India wereinvestigated for their benthicenvironmental status usingnematodes as surrogate community.As these three harbours have showndeteriorated conditions revealed frommacrobenthic community, our mainobjective was to investigate and inter-compare the nematode communitieswithin these harbours and with othersimilar habitats worldwide. A total of50 nematode species wasencountered in the study area,wherein highest (34 species) wererecorded at Mormugao harbour and

Comparison of tropical nematode communities from three harbours, west coast of IndiaNanajkar, M.; Ingole, B.S.

lowest (23 species) at Ratnagiriharbour. The presence of dominantspecies like Vasostoma sp. (41%),Sabatieria sp. 1 (23%) and Sabatieriasp. 2 (20%) designate these harboursas altered benthic habitats understress. The diversity indicesdemonstrate Ratnagiri harbour asthe most stressed and Karwar beingthe least stressed comparatively.Intense anthropogenic activities,input of many pollutants such asheavy metals, pesticides, petroleumderivatives, TBT's and dredgingactivity in the harbours can be heldresponsible for the altered nematodecommunity.

The great variety of geological andhydrological conditions in the deepsea generates many differenthabitats. Some are only recentlyexplored, although their true extent

The contribution of deep-sea macrohabitat heterogeneity to global nematode diversityVanreusel, A.; Fonseca, G.; Danovaro, R.;DaSilva, M.C.; Esteves, A.M.; Ferrero, T.;Gad, G.; Galtsova, V.; Gambi, C.; Genevois,V.F.; Ingels, J.; Ingole, B.S.; Lampadariou,N.; Merckx, B.; Miljutina, M.; Muthumbi,A.; Netto, S.; Portnova, D.; Radziejewska,T.; Raes, M.; Tchesunov, A.; Vanaverbeke,J.; Van Gaever, S.; Venekey, V.; Bezerra,T.N.; Flint, H.; Copley, J.; Pape, E.;Zeppilli, D.; Martinez, P.A.; Galeron, J.

Geometric class abundance for Ratnagiri (a), Goa (b) and Karwar (c)

3

and geographical coverage are stillnot fully established. Bothcontinental margins and mid-oceanicseafloors are much more complexecologically, geologically, chemicallyand hydrodynamically than originallythought. As a result, fundamentalpatterns of species distribution firstobserved and explained in thecontext of relatively monotonousslopes and abyssal plains must nowbe re-evaluated in the light of thisnewly recognized habitatheterogeneity. Based on a globaldatabase of nematode genuscomposition, collected as part of theCensus of Marine Life, we show thatmacrohabitat heterogeneitycontributes significantly to total deep-sea nematode diversity on a globalscale. Different deep-sea settingsharbour specific nematodeassemblages. Some of them, likecoral rubble zones or nodule areas,are very diverse habitats. Factorssuch as increased substratecomplexity in the case of nodules andcorals seem to facilitate the co-existence of a large number of generawith different modes of life, rangingfrom sediment dwelling to epifaunal.Furthermore, strong biochemicalgradients in the case of vents orseeps are responsible for the successof particular genera, which are notprominent in more typical softsediments. Many nematode deep-seagenera are cosmopolitan, inhabiting avariety of deep-sea habitats andoceans, whereas only 21% of alldeep-sea genera recorded arerestricted to a single habitat. Inaddition to habitat heterogeneity,regional differences are important instructuring nematode assemblages.For instance, seeps from differentregions yield different genera thatthrive on the sulphidic sediments.The study also showed that manyareas and habitats remain highlyunder-sampled, affecting our abilityto understand fully the contributionof habitat heterogeneity versusregional differences to globalnematode diversity.

Habitat heterogeneity and its influence on benthic biodiversity in oxygen minimum zonesGooday, A.J.; Bett, B.J.; Escobar, E.; Ingole, B.S.; Levin, L.A.; Neira, C.; Raman, A.V.; Sellanes, J.

Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs;midwater regions with O2

-1concentrations <0.5 ml l ) are mid-water features that interceptcontinental margins at bathyaldepths (100-1000 m). They areparticularly well developed in theEastern Pacific Ocean, the ArabianSea and the Bay of Bengal. Based onanalyses of data from these regions,we consider (1) how benthic habitatheterogeneity is manifested withinOMZs, (2) which aspects of thisheterogeneity exert the greatestinfluence on alpha and beta diversitywithin particular OMZs and (3) howheterogeneity associated with OMZsinfluences regional (gamma) diversityon continental margins. Sources ofsea-floor habitat heterogeneity withinOMZs include bottom-water oxygenand sulphide gradients, substratumcharacteristics, bacterial mats, andvariations in the organic mattercontent of the sediment and pH. Onsome margins, hard grounds, formedof phosphorites, carbonates or bioticsubstrata, represent distinctsubhabitats colonized by encrustingfaunas. Most of the heterogeneityassociated with OMZs, however, iscreated by strong Sea-floor oxygengradients, reinforced by changes insediment characteristics and organic

Beta diversity (solid line, cumulative species turnover as a percentage) plotted against water depth along transects (A) off Chiloe L (no OMZ), (B) off Concepcio L n (36 N, weak OMZ), (C) offAntofagasta (23 N, strong OMZ) (all from Chilean margin), (D) Bay of Bengal (eastern Indian margin), (E) Rockall Trough (no OMZ; data from Paterson & Lambshead 1995), (F) western Indian margin, (G) Pakistan margin (solid symbols= data from Hughes et al. 2009; open symbols = data from Levin et al. 2009), H) Oman margin (data from Levin et al 2000). The Rockall Trough has been included as an example of a typical normally oxygenated margin. Bottom-water oxygen concentrations are indicated by a coloured line. For the western Indian margin (F), oxygen values are taken from Da Sousa et al. (1996), modified by data from RV Yokosuka cruise YK08 . 11

matter content. For the Pakistanmargin, combining these parametersrevealed clear environmental andfaunal differences between the OMZcore and the upper and lowerboundary regions. In all Pacific andArabian Sea OMZs examined, oxygenappears to be the master driver ofalpha and beta diversity in all benthicfaunal groups for which data exist, aswell as macrofaunal assemblagecomposition, particularly in the OMZcore. However, other factors, notablyorganic matter quantity and qualityand sediment characteristics, comeinto play as oxygen concentrationsbegin to rise. The influence of OMZson meiofaunal, macrofaunal andmegafaunal regional (gamma)diversity is difficult to assess.Hypoxia is associated with areduction in species richness in allbenthic faunal groups, but there isalso evidence for endemism in OMZsettings. It is concluded that, onbalance, OMZs probably enhanceregional diversity, particularly in taxasuch as Foraminifera, which aremore tolerant of hypoxia than others.Over evolutionary timescales, theymay promote speciation by creatingstrong gradients in selectivepressures and barriers to gene flow.

4

Ecobiogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India

Arabian Sea is known to be rich in biodiversity and productivity. Generally, Northwest coast of India is richer in carnivorous fish, while planktonivorous fishes areabundant in the southern region. Recent studies have disproved the earlierassumption that mesozooplanktons (MSP) are distributed uniformly in highconcentrations in the entire Eastern Arabian Sea during all seasons. Thus, wenow know that MSP is high in northern region during WM and SIM, while it ishigher in Southwest coast of India during SM only. In agreement with the above,

-3observed data and SeaWiFs images show high (>1 mg.m ) chlorophyll a innorthern region for 8 months (WM and SIM periods) through winter convection,open ocean upwelling and advection, while the southern region remains

-3oligotrophic (Chll a < 0.2 mg.m ) for most of this time, largely due to stratification.

In a significant study on carbon biogeochemistry, it has been shown that Cochinestuary, which was previously an autotrophic (CO sink) system has now turned2

into a heterotrophic (CO source) system following rapid urbanization and2

industrialization. According to Jabob et al, the high C/N ratio of the surfacesediments from western continenetal shelf of India is indicative of their marineorigin. The surface waters were nutrient rich, low in oxygen during late summermonsoon, while it turned into oxygen rich and oligotrophic during early monsoon.

Examination of hydrography and productivity pattern of south western andsouthern Indian Ocean, taxonomic studies of mysids (zooplanktons),biochemical and metal toxicity studies of different organisms, statisticalevaluations of the effect of water quality and other parameters on the distributionof aquatic organisms, biochemical and molecular characterization of marinemicroorganisms, etc, constitute some other significant contributions during 2009-2010.

The enzyme MurA, involved in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis wasfound to contribute to the resistance of E coli against the antibacterial compoundfosfomycin. As part of chemical studies, several bioactive molecules such askainic acid, tedanalactam, cryptotackieine and coumarin analogs weresynthesized, often using novel tandem strategies. Our attempts to understandthe anti-fouling properties of different compounds of marine origin have resultedin broadening the perspectives as reflected in a review paper cited here.Similarly, the review paper on soft coral sterols lists 561 compounds, groupedunder five groups with implications for future chemotaxonomic investigations ofthese organisms.

The apparent paradox of uniformly high Mesozooplankton (MSPs) crop in theEastern Arabian Sea (EAS), even though Chlorophyll a and phytoplanktondistribution varies widely, was solved by sampling at closer grids which clearlyindicated that the distribution of MSPs closely follow that of latter. Several newmysids (zooplanktons) were studied taxonomically for the first time from ArabianSea. Studies on carbon biogeochemistry of Cochin backwaters clearlyestablished the emerging heterotrophic trends due to rapid urbanization andindustrialization of this otherwise oligotrophic estuary. Going further tocontinental shelf region, the high C/N ratio of surface sediments indicated itsmarine origin. Examination of hydrography and productivity patterns of Southwestern and Southern Indian Ocean, statistical evaluation of differentparameters on distribution of aquatic organisms, biochemical and molecularcharacterization of microorganisms, etc were some other research activitiesduring the year. The role of MurA, an enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis, inmaking certain E coli strains resistant to antibacterial agent fosfomycin hasprofound implications in pharmacological studies. Several bioactive compounds –kainic acid, tedanalactam, cryptotackieine and coumarin analogs – weresynthesized using novel tandem strategies and their biological properties arecurrently under investigation.

Impact of bottom trawling on sediment characteristics - A study along inshore waters off Veraval coast, IndiaBhagirathan, U.; Meenakumari, B.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.; Panda, S.K.; Madhu, V.R.; Vaghela, D.T

The present communication is a study on the impact of bottom trawling on the sediment characteristics along Veraval coast, which is the largest trawler port of India. Experimental bottom trawling was conducted from MFV Sagarkripa at five transects of water depths 15-20 m, 21-25 m, 26-30 m, 31-35 m and 36-40 m in commercial trawling grounds. Trawling was conducted for 12 months in a span of 15 months (September 2005-November 2006) excluding the trawl ban period (June to August). The sediment texture was analysed by pipette analysis and organic matter by wet oxidation method. The variations in organic matter and sediment texture were prominent between the stations selected at different depths. The sedimentary organic matter exhibited variations with different water depths and seasons. The organic matter content decreased with depth. Experimental trawling considerably reduced the organic matter content at all depths. Continued and incessant trawling operation can

cause even more drastic reductions, where organic matter (OM) content is already very small. The sand proportion showed depth-wise variation; but seasonal and trawling effect was not significant showing highest values at 36-40 m depth. The silt

proportion did not exhibit significant depth-wise variation. The seasonal variation of silt was significant whereas trawling effect imparted to silt was not evident. Trawling has no significant effect on clay concentration. But

5

Anas, A.

Dinesh Kumar, P.K.

Haridevi, C.K.

Jayalakshmi, K.V.

Jyothibabu, R.

Madhu, N.V.

Muraleedharan, K.R.

Parameswaran, P.S.Parvathi, A.

Raveendran, T.V.

Ravindran, J.

Revichandran, C.

Tanuku, N.R.S.

seasonal variation had great influence on the clay distribution and indicated significantly high depth-season interaction. The sediment of the study area was predominant in silt proportion. It was observed that the seasonal/natural variations were more prominent masking the trawling effect on silt.

Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of mysids collected from the coastal waters of Maharashtra and South Gujarat, India, are studied. Fourteen species belonging to seven genera are represented, of which one species, Acanthomysis microps, is described as new to science. The new species is distinguished from all the known species of the genus by the combination of broadly rounded rostrum, narrower eyes and the spination of the uropodal endopod and telson. Other species recorded are Siriella dubia, S. jonesi, Rhopalophthalmus mumbayensis, R. anishi, R. murudana, R. vijayai, Gastrosaccus dunckeri, Eurobowmaniella muticus, Afromysis dentisinus, Acanthomysis pelagica, A. platycauda, A. macrops and Mesopodopsis orientalis, and the differences shown by the present specimens from the published description are discussed.

During the austral summer 2004, an intensive multidisciplinary survey was carried out in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean to study the main hydrographic features and the

Mysids (Crustacea) from the shallow waters off Maharashtra and south Gujarat, India, with description of a new species

Hydrographic and productivity characteristics along 45ºE longitude in the southwestern Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean during austral summer 2004

Biju, A.; Panampunnayil, S.U.

Jasmine, P.; Muraleedharan, K.R.; Madhu, N.V.; AshaDevi, C.R.; Alagarsamy, R.; Achuthankutty, C.T.; Jayan, Z.; Sanjeevan, V.N.; Sahayak, S.

associated productivity processes. This sector includes circumpolar zones and fronts with distinct hydrographic and trophic regimes, such as the Subtropical Zone (STZ), Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ), Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), North Subtropical Front (NSTF), Agulhas Retroflection Front (ARF), South Subtropical Front (SSTF), Subantarctic Front, Surface Polar Front (SPF), and Subsurface Polar Front. Seasonal variations in the solar irradiance and day length, stratification, lack of micronutrients like iron and increased grazing pressure are the major factors that influenced or constrained biological production in this region. Even though broad differences in these controlling factors exist in time and space between the zonal regions, the upper 1000 m of the water column of the main zones, STZ, STFZ, SAZ, PFZ, supported almost identical standing stocks of mesozooplankton, 0.43, 0.47, 0.45

-3and 0.49 ml m , respectively, during the austral summer. This unexpected similarity can be explained either through the functioning of the microbial loop within STZ, STFZ and SAZ and the multivorous food web ecology within the PFZ. Dominance of ciliates in the microzooplankton community may be one factor resulting in the maintenance of a high mesozooplankton standing stock in SAZ. In contrast to the zones, frontal regions showed wide differences in hydrography and biological characteristics. The SSTF and SPF were far more biologically productive than that of NSTF and ARF.

Seasonal abundance, life history, and biochemical composition of

Seasonal abundance, ecology, reproductive biology, and biochemical composition of Mesopodopsisorientalis W.M. Tattersall (Mysidacea) from a tropical estuary (Cochin Backwater) in IndiaBiju, A.; Gireesh, R.; Jayalakshmi, K.J.; Haridevi, C.K.; Panampunnayil, S.U.

Mesopodopsis orientalis were investigated based on samples collected over a period of one year in a tropical estuary, i.e., Cochin backwater. M. orientalis was recorded throughout the year and its peak abundance was observed during the monsoon period. The species produced more than one generation per year. The number of embryos carried by a single female ranged from 7 to 12, and was correlated with female length (P < 0.05), tending to increase with the size of the female. Egg size varied between 0.39 and 0.47 mm, with no correlation with length of the female, and size difference was observed in the same brood. Males and females attain sexual maturity after reaching a total length of 5 mm and 4.5 mm, respectively. With the exception of chlorophyll a,the environmental parameters, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and water temperature do not have much influence on population density. The biochemical composition of the species reveals its high nutritional quality. Mature males and females showed higher protein contents than other stages, while carbohydrate content was high in immature stages, and lipid content was high in brooding females.

Study of the characteristics of currents and water-level variations in the Cochin estuary reveals, for the first time, unique signatures of mixed standing-waves in the southern region. Analysis of the simultaneous water-level data generated at the mouth of the estuary, located about 45 km upstream, showed very little dissipation had taken place in the tidal amplitudes, implying that tides are amplified because of a physical barrier. The amplitudes of the major tidal constituents O , K ,1 1

M , and S were 87, 87, 83, and 2 2

79%, respectively, of the values close to the sea. The M tide was 2

Observed mixed standing-wave signatures in Cochin Estuary on the southwest coast of IndiaDineshKumar, P.K.; Srinivas, K.; Muraleedharan, K.R.; Thottam, T.J.

6

found to be the maximum, followed by the K , S , and O constituents. 1 2 1

Sea level was found to be largely forced by the astronomical tides at both the locations. The nontidal time series at the two locations correlated strongly, with the percentage of the variance explained by the relationship being about 82.3%. Currents and their displacements were found to be of low magnitude but revealed significant spatial variability, even though they were closely spaced. As compared with the cross-shore currents, the alongshore currents were highly coherent, with clear signatures of tidal forcing. Further, tidal analysis of synchronous data on various parameters-water level, alongshore and crossshore currents, temperature, and salinity-revealed the relative dominance of the various tidal constituents. The water temperature peaked during late afternoon, suggesting solar forcing, whereas salinity variation, though quite low in range, showed signatures of tidal forcing. A scatter plot of water level and spatial average of alongshore currents revealed correlations of minima in overtide velocity amplitudes. The magnitude of the currents was very small and not proportional to the tidal heights observed. Intense mixing is closely related to the horizontal velocity shear, which causes mixing sufficient to destratify the water column. Resonance of the M tidal 2

wave may be possible because of the length and depth relation in the estuary, and the results suggest over tides are the causative factor.

Biochemical compositions were determined for eggs, D-shaped larvae, umbo larvae and pediveliger of the short neck clam Paphiamalabarica Chemnitz. Spawned eggs were composed of 63.2% protein, 25.4% lipid and 11.4% carbohydrate. After 48 h of

Biochemical changes during larval development in the short neck clam, Paphiamalabarica ChemnitzGireesh, R.; Biju, A.; Muthiah, P.

embryogenesis, 2.6% of the protein, 11.8% of the lipid and 3.2% of carbohydrate mass had been lost, providing 20.5%,75.4% and 4.1% of the total energy

-1expenditure of 0.2147 mJ embryo .During 48h of metamorphosis, lipid was utilized first, followed by a heavy consumption of protein; protein, lipid and carbohydrate lost 23.8%, 50.2% and 32.5% of their mass respectively. Protein and lipid supplied a comparable amount of energy for metamorphosis,34.2% and 55.2%, respectively, whereas, carbohydrate contributed

-1only10.6% to the 2.733 mJ larva metamorphic energy expenditure.

Venerid clam, Paphia malabaricaChemnitz, is the commercially exploited species distributed exclusively in Vembanad Lake and Ashtamudi estuary, along the south west coast of India. The survival rate and development of P.malabarica larvae were studied for 3 days in ambient salinity (33),

2+ -1copper (2.5μg Cu l , reduced salinities (25 and 20) and a combination of copper in low salinities. No significant differences were found in larval development between treatments. The survival rates decreased considerably with low salinities although the combination of copper and low salinity gave synergistic effects. The reduced survival in low salinities would limit population growth of this species in estuarine areas experiencing low salinities and also explains the absence of larval settlement on habitats close to harbors or river mouths.

Effects of copper on development and survival rate of Paphia malabaricaChemnitz larvae under low saline condition

CO supersaturation and net 2

heterotrophy in a tropical estuary Cochin, India): Influence of anthropogenic effect - Carbon dynamics in tropical estuary

Gireesh, R.; Gopinathan, C.P.

Gupta, G.V.M.; Thottathil, S.D.; Balachandran, K.K.; Madhu, N.V.;Madeswaran, P.; Nair, S.

Carbon biogeochemistry of a tropicalecosystem (The Cochin Estuary,India) undergoing increased humanintervention was studied duringFebruary (premonsoon), April (earlymonsoon) and September (monsoon)2005. The Cochin estuary sustainshigh levels of pCO (up to 6000μ2

atm) and CO effluxes (up to 2742-2 -1mmolC m d ) especially during

monsoon. A first-order estimate ofthe carbon mass balance shows thatnet production of dissolvedinorganic carbon is an order ofmagnitude higher than the net lossof dissolved and particulate organiccarbon from the estuary. Thisimbalance is attributed to theorganic inputs to the estuarythrough anthropogenic supplies.The bacteria-mediatedmineralization of organic matter ismainly responsible for the build-upof pCO and increased CO emission2 2

to the atmosphere indicatingheterotrophy. The linear correlationbetween excess CO and apparent2

oxygen utilization indicatesrespiration as the chief mechanismfor CO supersaturation. An2

increase in the net negativeecosystem production (–ve NEP)between premonsoon (-136 mmolC

-2 -1 -1m d or -376 MgC d and-2 -1monsoon (-541 mmolC m d or -

-11500 MgC d ) is supported by acorresponding increase in O2

-2 -1influxes from 17 mmol O m d2-1 -2(126 MgC d ) to -128 mmol O m2

-1 -1d (-946 MgC d ) and CO2-2 -1emissions from 65 mmolC m d

-1 -2 -1(180 MgC d ) to 267 mmolC m d-1(740 MgC d ). There is a significant

north-south gradient in metabolicrates and CO fluxes attributable to2

the varying flow patterns andanthropogenic inputs into theestuary. The study reveals that theCochin estuary, a previouslyautotrophic (CO sink) system, has2

been transformed to a heterotrophic(CO source) system following rapid2

urbanization and industrialization.Moreover, the export fluxes from theCochin estuary appear to be quiteimportant in sustaining netheterotrophy in the southeasternArabian Sea.

7

Biogeochemicalcharacteristics of the surface sediments along the western continental shelf of India

Effect of water quality parameters on the distribution of Pleuromamma(Copepoda-Calanoida)species in the Indian Ocean: A statistical approach

Jacob, J.; Jayaraj, K.A.; Rehman, H.H.; Chandramohanakumar, N.; Balachandran, K.K.; Raveendran, T.V.; Joseph, T.; Nair,M.; Achuthankutty, C.T.

Jayalakshmy, K.V.; Saraswathy, M.; Nair, M.

Surface sediments from the western continental shelf of India were analysed for total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total hydrolysable carbohydrates (TCHO) and proteins (PRT) during the late summer monsoon (September-October, 2003) and pre-monsoon (March-April, 2004) seasons. The region experienced entirely different hydrographic characteristics and productivity patterns during the two seasons. Low oxygenated, cold, nutrient rich (DO<180μM, SST <28ºC, NO 2 M)3

surface waters and the existence of subsurface suboxia were the hydrographic features during late summer due to the persistence of upwelling. Meanwhile, during pre-monsoon the region was oligotrophic and oxygen saturated (DO >200μM, NO <2μM). Satellite 3

imagery, in situ Chl a and zooplankton biomass showed high production along the region during late summer compared to pre-monsoon. Sedimentary organic matter (SOM) was of marine origin during both seasons, as indicated by the C/N ratios. TCHO + PRT: TOC and PRT: TCHO revealed aged organic matter and did not change between the seasons. During late summer, TOC and the reactive organic matter (TCHO and PRT) in the surface sediments were concentrated along the regions (13–17ºN) where active upwelling was observed, suggesting a close coupling between SOM characteristics and the surface ocean productivity.

The region between 10ºN and 10ºS latitude was known to be congenial

μ

for distribution of Pleuromammaspecies. Diel and ontogenetic migrations were observed for Pleuromamma xiphias. Multivariate analyses such as factor analysis on species' abundance and predictive step-up multiple regression models of water quality parameters: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and their first order interaction effects on Pleuromamma species' abundance, were carried out in the regions, off 10ºN, 10ºN to 10ºS, 10ºS to 30ºS, along the Somali Coast (38ºS-40ºS) and a fifth region along the western boundary of the above four regions. Relation between Pleuromammaspecies` abundance and the water quality parameters showed a decreasing trend in the variability explained (VE) from region 1 (VE = 55.19%) to region 4 (VE = 31.15%) in the models, indicating that the influence of other ecological factors was of higher significance in the south than in the north, with a north south gradient. Diversity and dominance were highly (r = 0.95) correlated. A multilinkage cluster analysis by group averaging method for the species, based on the standardised values of log 10 (X + 1) transformed species` abundance, showed that P. indica, P. gracilis and P. abdominalis were not segregated in any of the five region Bray and Curtis (1957) coefficient of similarity for the species in the five regions combined together, showed 50% similarity for the cluster containing circum-global species, Pleuromamma piseki, P. gracilis, P. abdominalis and P. borealis. The species, P. indica and P. xiphias entered this cluster at 22% similarity level. Multivariate factor analysis by row normalisation (for species) and column normalisation (for stations), using varimax rotation to simple structure for unique grouping of species as well as stations, carried out in the five regions, showed that the maximum number of species` clusters were obtained in region 2, indicating a higher variability in the ecological conditions in this region than in the other four regions. The significance of the factor model and the differential factor groups of

species were also determined in the studied regions. On a broader scale, based on the ecological aspect, the first four regions could be reduced to two regions, viz, region 1 including the north off 10ºN, Central Indian Ocean and the area of subtropical convergence, and region 2 consisting exclusively of the equatorial region between 10ºN and 10ºS based on distribution of Pleuromamma species. The plot of the species abundance with respect to latitude also showed such a demarcation.

Macrobenthic polychaete communities of the western continental shelf of India (Arabian Sea) were investigated between 1998 and 2001 using different taxonomic levels to test whether lower resolution data set can explain community variation along the depth gradient similar to the higher resolution data set. Our previous study with species level data has shown that depth gradients influence the distribution and abundance of polychaetes. Similar relationship with data aggregated to genus and family level is found in this study. All the depth ranges showed a closely parallel course for taxa richness and diversity for the three levels of resolution. Our high resolution data showed significant community differences (ANOSIM) between the depth ranges 30-50 and >150 m and 51-100 and >150 m whereas the low resolution data (family) further separated the communities between 101-150 and >150 m depth ranges.

In the central and eastern Arabian

Polychaete community structure of Indian west coast shelf, Arabian Sea

Re-evaluation of 'paradox of mesozooplankton' in the eastern Arabian Sea based on ship and satellite observations

Joydas, T.V.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.;Damodaran, R.

Jyothibabu, R.; Madhu, N.V.;Habeebrehman, H.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.;Nair, K.K.C.; Achuthankutty, C.T.

8

Sea (EAS), biomass and production ofphytoplankton are known to varyspatially and seasonally whereas,biomass of mesozooplankton (MSP) isreported to be constant. Thisapparent contradiction has beencalled 'Arabian Sea Paradox'.However, it is important to note thatthe paradox is based on a verylimited seasonal data (from 5 to 7locations). Therefore, we reconsideredthe paradox based on intensive in-situ observations at 37-40 locationsin the EAS. In agreement with theknown seasonal difference inphytoplankton standing stock in theEAS, we analysed the MSP data intwo ways using two-way nestedANOVA. In 'basin scale' analysis,MSP data from the EAS were pooledand seasonal and Inshore-offshorevariations were analysed for theentire region. In 'regional scale'analysis, MSP data were analysedseparately for (a) northern region(north of 15ºN) and (b) southernregion (15ºN and south of it). Satellitedata of chlorophyll a, SST and windspeed were also analysed to show themajor differences in oceanographicfeatures in the northern andsouthern EAS. The analyses showedprominently high chlorophyll a (av. 1

- 3mg m ) in the northern region duringmost of the year through winterconvection, open ocean upwellingand lateral advection from theArabian coast. On the other hand,

- 3chlorophyll a was low (av. 0.2 mg m )in the southern region during most ofthe year mainly due to thermohalinestratification. The MSP biomass wasdistributed almost in a similar way asthat of phytoplankton stock withstatistically significant spatial andseasonal variations in the northernand southern regions. In this paper,we review the 'paradox of MSP' andpresent clear and new evidences toshow that this concept is not logicallyapplicable for EAS.

Vibrio harveyi, pathogenic to fish, harbor a hemolysin gene vhh, the homologues of which are found in

Prevalence and heterogeneity of Hemolysin gene vhh among hatchery isolates of Vibrio harveyi in IndiaParvathi, A.; George, J.; Kumar, S.

many species of the Genus Vibrio.It is investigated that the prevalence of vhh gene among V.harveyi isolated from Penaeusmonodon hatcheries in India by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The vhh was detected in 67 of the 70 V. harveyi isolates tested in this study using different combinations of PCR primers. A variant vhh gene detected in a minority of strains was cloned, sequenced, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned gene was 86% similar to the previously reported amino acid sequences of VHH. The results of this study suggest that though V.harveyi strains invariably harbor vhh, the sequence variants of the hemolysin gene exist that may impede their detection by PCR.

Bacillus species constitute a diversegroup of bacteria widely distributedin soil and the aquatic environment.In this study, Bacillus strainsisolated from the coastalenvironment of Cochin, India wereidentified by detailed conventionalbiochemical methods, fatty acidmethyl ester (FAME) analysis andpartial 16S rDNA sequencing.Analysis of the data revealed thatBacillus pumilus was the mostpredominant species in the regionunder study followed by B. cereusand B. sphaericus. The B. pumilusisolates were further characterizedby arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR),antibiotic sensitivity profiling andPCR screening for known toxingenes associated with Bacillus spp.All B. pumilus isolates werebiochemically identical, exhibitedhigh protease and lipase activityand uniformly sensitive toantibiotics tested in this study. Onestrain of B. pumilus harbouredcereulide synthetase gene cesB of B.cereus which was indistinguishablefrom rest of the isolatesbiochemically and by AP-PCR. This

Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacilluspumilus isolated from coastal environment in Cochin, IndiaParvathi, A.; Krishna, K.; Jose, J.; Joseph, N.; Nair, S.

study reports, for the first time, thepresence of the emetic toxin genecesB in B. pumilus.

MurA [UDP-N-acetylglucosamine(UDP-NAG) enolpyruvyl transferase] isa key enzyme involved in bacterial cellwall peptidoglycan synthesis and atarget for the antimicrobial agentfosfomycin, a structural analog of theMurA substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. In this study, it is identifiedthat, cloned and sequenced a novelmurA gene from an environmentalisolate of Vibrio fischeri that isnaturally resistant to fosfomycin. Thefosfomycin resistance gene wasisolated from a genomic DNA library ofV. fischeri. An antimicrobial agenthypersensitive strain of Escherichia coliharboring murA from V. fischeriexhibited a high fosfomycin resistancephenotype, with minimum inhibitoryconcentration of 3,000μg/ml. Thecloned murA gene was 1,269 bp longencoding a 422 amino acid polypeptidewith an estimated pI of 5.0. Thededuced amino acid sequence of theputative protein was identified as UDP-NAG enolpyruvyl transferase byhomology comparison. The MurAprotein with an estimated molecularweight of 44.7 kDa was expressed in E.coli and purified by affinitychromatography. MurA of V. fischeriwill be a useful target to identifypotential inhibitors of fosfomycinresistance in pharmacological studies.

Identification of a novel UDP-N-acetylglucosamineenolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) from Vibrio fischerithat confers high fosfomycin resistance in Escherichia coliKumar, S.; Parvathi, A.; Hernandez, R.L.; Cadle, K.M.; Varela, M.F.

AP-PCR patterns of B. pumilus obtained with primer CRA22. M = 100 bp DNA ladder (GeneRuler, Fermentas)

9

Tandem Wittig-Ene reaction approach to Kainic acid

Total synthesis of (-)- and (+)-tedanalactam

Majik, M.S.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve, S.G.

Majik, M.S.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve,S.G.

The first example of a tandemWittig-intramolecular ene reactionapproach and its application towardthe synthesis of kainic acid wasreported. The synthetic pathwayinvolved conversion of prenylbromide into phosphorane 3,followed by one-pot Wittigolefination and an ene reaction withglyoxalic acid to give the cis fusedpyrrolidine skeleton of kainic acid.

The first stereoselective route providing access to both enantiomers of tedanalactam, a naturally occurring piperidone, has been developed. The stereogenic centers were generated by the use of Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. Tandem oxidation-Wittig reaction and one-pot deprotection, lactamization, and oxirane ring formation are the other key elements.

Retrosynthetic analysis depicting the Tandem Witting - Intramolecular Ene reaction

Threatened fishes of the world: Clarias dussumieridussumieri (Valenciennes, 1840) (Clariidae)Padmakumar, K.G.; Bindu, L.; Basheer,V.S.; Gopalakrishnan, A.

These studies are necessary to determine the present distribution

and steps to ensure protection of their habitats. Also needed are population genetic studies coupled with captive breeding for successful translocation and reintroduction efforts.

A synthesis of a series of novel 6H-indolo[2,3-b]- quinolines with different substituent's on the quinoline ring is described. The method involves reaction of indole-3-carboxyaldehyde with aryl amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine in refluxing diphenyl ether to yield indolo[2,3-b]quinolines in one-pot. The present approach provides a new route for the synthesis of polycyclic structures related to an alkaloid cryptotackieine (neocryptolepine).

A cascade Wittig reaction-double Claisen and Cope rearrangements has been employed for a one-pot synthesis of diprenylated coumarins gravelliferone, balsamiferone, and 6,8-diprenylumbelliferone from a common precursor 2,4-diprenyloxybenzaldehyde.

Natural Product Antifoulants (NPAs)have been proposed as one of the

An expeditious I2-catalyzed entry into 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline system of cryptotackieine

Cascade Wittig reaction-double Claisen and Cope rearrangements: one-pot synthesis of diprenylated coumarins gravelliferone, balsamiferone, and 6,8-diprenylumbelliferone

Natural product antifoulants

Parvatkar, P.T.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve,S.G.

Patre, R.E.; Shet, J.B.; Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve, S.G.

Raveendran, T.V.; Mol, V.P.L.

best replacement options for themost successful antifouling agent,tri-n-butyl tin (TBT), which, due toits ecological incompatibility, iscurrently facing total global banimposed by International MaritimeOrganization (IMO). Realizing theimportance, commercial andindustrial, of immediately finding asuitable replacement for TBT, theresearch on NPAs has gatheredconsiderable momentum during thelast two decades, as evidenced fromthe sudden spurt in the number ofpublications and the number ofNPAs being reported. Althoughcommendable effort has beenexpended, more challenges remainahead before realizing theirapplications at an industrial scale.

Sterols constitute a major group ofsecondary metabolites of soft corals.Several of these compounds have the

5 0'usual' 3 beta-hydroxy, δ (or δ )cholestane skeleton, a large numberof these metabolites are polar sterolswith multiple oxygenations in ringsas well as side chains. The lattercompounds are structurally similarto some of the steroidal hormones,bile acids, signaling agents, etc., withpotential therapeutic applications inthe fields of cancer, atherosclerosis,and other diseases. The presentreview lists 561 structurally diversesterols of marine soft coral origin andattempts to codify their structuraltypes. This will help inchemotaxonomic investigations ofthese organisms and stimulatebiochemists to look for usefulenzymes for conversion of normalsterols into biologically usefulderivatives.

Marine metabolites: The sterols of soft coralSarma, N.S.; Krishna, M.S.; Pasha, Sk.G.; Rao, T.S.P.; Venkateswarlu, Y.;Parameswaran, P.S.

10

Retrosynthesis of Tedanalactam 1

Indian coast is constantly under changes from natural and anthropogenic stresses.The changes could be either positive or negative, and hence a balance should bemaintained between developmental activities and environmental health. Thisrequires periodic monitoring of shoreline and water quality of the coastal region,where developmental activities are going on. In this chapter, we present the workcarried out along the Paradip coastal region and in the Kandla creek. The waterfronts of these regions are extensively utilized by several industries for installingmarine facilities.

Demarcation of inland vessels' limit off Mormugao port region, India: A pilot study for the safety of inland vessels using wave modellingVethamony, P.; Aboobacker, V.M.;Sudheesh, K.; Babu, M.T.; AshokKumar, A.

The Ministry of Shipping desires to revise the inland vessels' limit (IVL) notification based on scientific rationale to improve the safety of vessels and onboard personnel. The Mormugao port region

Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenicpressures

extending up to the Panaji was considered for this pilot study. Measured winds and wave parameters (AWS and moored buoy) as well as NCEP re-analysis and NCMRWF winds were used for the analysis and input to regional and local models. The results of wave model were validated with measured significant wave heights (SWHs) and the comparison shows a good match. The analysis indicates that SWHs do not exceed 2.0 m during non-monsoon

months, and in monsoon months exceed 5.0 m, and even 7.0 m, especially during extreme events. In order to draw IVL contours for Goa coastal region, local model was set up and nearshore waves were simulated for the period May 2004–May 2005. Based on the nearshore SWH distribution, IVL contours have been fixed for the Mormugao port and Panaji coastal regions.

To evaluate the significant sources contributing to water quality parameters, we used principal component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of a large complex data matrix obtained from the Kandla creek environmental monitoring program. The data set consists of analytical results of a seasonal sampling survey conducted over 2 years at four stations. PCA indicates five principal components to be responsible for the data structure and explains 76% of the total variance of the data set. The study stresses the need to include new parameters in the analysis in order to make the interpretation of principal components more meaningful. The PCA could be applied as a useful tool to eliminate multi-collinearity problems and to remove the indirect effect of parameters.

Evaluation of significant sources influencing the variation of water quality of Kandla creek, Gulf of Katchchh, using PCADalal, S.G.; Shirodkar, P.V.; Jagtap, T.G.;Naik, B.G.; Rao, G.S.

IVL regions demarcated based on wave heights (April 2005) with existing smooth and partially smoothed water lines

11

Bhat, S.R.

Kunte, P.D.

Mani Murali, R.

Mascarenhas, A.

Rathod, V.P.

Sarupria, J.S.

Vethamony, P.

Monitoring shoreline environment of Paradip, east coast of India using remote sensingManiMurali, R.; Shrivastava, D.; Vethamony, P.

In the present study, multi-temporal satellite images of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS1D and IRS P6 - Resourcesat) from 1998 to 2005 is used to monitor the coastal environment of Paradip, east coast of India. The resultant coastal vector maps were used to estimate the geomorphological changes and shifting of the shoreline position. This integrated study is found useful for exploring accretion and erosion processes in the region. The shoreline maps were compared with the 1973 Survey of India topo sheets to estimate the changes which have occurred in the region. Results indicate an increase of 7.72 km in shoreline length and a net loss of

218.73 km of beach area between the years 1973 and 1998, and 0.46 km reduction in shoreline length

2and 3.11 km increase in beach area between 1998 and 2005. An overall net increase of 7.26 km length shoreline and a net loss of

215.6 km was observed between 1973 and 2005. The years 2001, 2002 and 2003 exhibited loss in length of shoreline as well as area of the beach. These years coincided with certain coastal activities carried out in the study region.

Spectral characteristics of the nearshore waves off Paradip, India during monsoon and extreme eventsAboobacker, V.M.; Vethamony, P.;Sudheesh, K.; Rupali, S.P.

Spectral and statistical wave parameters obtained from the measured time series wave data off Paradip, east coast of India during May 1996 – January 1997 were analysed along with MIKE 21 spectral wave model (SW) results. Statistical wave parameters and directional wave energy spectra distinctly separate out the wave conditions that prevailed off Paradip in the monsoon, fair weather and extreme weather

Measured and modelled significant wave heights

events during the above period. Frequency-energy spectra during extreme events are single peaked, and the maximum energy distribution is in a narrow frequency band with an average directional spreading of 20º. Spectra for other seasons are multi-peaked, and energy is distributed over a wide range of frequencies and directions. The NCEP re-analysis winds were used in the model, and the results clearly bring out the wave features during depressions. The simulated wave parameters reasonably show good match with the measurements. For example, the correlation coefficient between the measured and modeled significant wave height is 0.87 and the bias -0.25.

12

Tides have considerable importance in the field of ocean dynamics. Time-series high-resolution measurements of sea-level at fine temporal resolution are required forstudies of processes in coastal and offshore water bodies. Analysis of tidalmeasurements from eight locations from Kochi backwaters, from its dual mouths tothe head, was carried out to understand the tidal propagation characteristics of thisestuary. Since no tidal observations were available either in the mid-shelf or outershelf regions of the continental shelf off the west coast of India, NIO carried out tidalmeasurements from the oil drilling platform of the ONGC at Mumbai High region,which is located on the continental shelf and close to the continental shelf break of the eastern Arabian Sea. NIO-make sub-surface pressure gauges were used, andtidal measurements were carried out for a period of about 40 days. Thesemeasurements were in agreement with those predicted from model studies.

Observations of sea level and surface meteorological data fromcoastal locations

Amplified Msf tides at Kochi backwaters on the southwest coast of IndiaJoseph, A.; Balachandran, K.K.; Mehra, P.; Desai, R.G.P.; VijayKumar, K.; Agarvadekar, Y.; Revichandran, C.; Dabholkar, N.

Characteristics of tides at eight stations in Kochi backwaters (KB) located on the southwest coast of India were analysed. The Msf tidal constituents at several locations are found to be considerably larger than those estimated from the driving tidal potential. The Msf tidal amplitude amplifies progressively from Kochi inlet to the shallower upstream region where it exhibits ~. 3 - fold amplification. At the upstream boundary, the Msf tide has the same order of magnitude as M and 2

K tides. The nonlinear frictional 1

interaction between M and S tides 2 2

appears to be mainly responsible

for the observed amplification. However, in regions where depth is<2 m, variable bottom frictional effects at fortnightly periodicity plays an additional role in the Msf tidal amplification.

The observed large tidal range (up to 3 m during spring tide) at the Mumbai High offshore region located near the continental shelf break, off the central west coast of India, is described based on simultaneous tidal measurements (30 s average) at 15 min sampling interval using four tide gauges deployed from an oil drilling platform of the Oil and Natural Gas

Observed tides at Mumbai High offshore region near the continental shelf break in the eastern Arabian SeaJoseph, A.; Vijaykumar, K.; Mehra, P.;Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Sundar, D.; Desai, R.G.P.

Corporation of India. All the four gauges provided identical measurements. The measured tides were harmonically analysed and the amplitudes and phases of the five major constituents, i.e. M ,2

S , K , O and N were compared 2 1 1 2

with those observed at the closest coastal station (Apollo Bandar, Mumbai). It was found that the observed tidal range at this offshore location was unusually larger than those found in the open-ocean regions. This large tidal range was found to be associated with the large width of the continental shelf off the central west coast of India.

13

Desai, R.G.P.Joseph, A.K.

Mehra, P.

Engineering analysis of coastal processes for marine structuresand technology development towards marine activities

The study of shallow water wave characteristics has importance in coastalengineering activities. The wave characteristics along the west coast of India areinfluenced by the wind conditions in Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The knowledgeon characteristics of waves in the shallow waters of India during the onset of summermonsoon is required for prediction of waves using wave models. A study was carriedout to know the variations in wave characteristics during the wave growth bymeasuring shallow water waves off Goa, west coast of India.

Waves in shallow water off west coast of India during the onset of summer monsoonSanilKumar, V.; Philip, C.S.; Nair, T.N.B.

The wave growth characteristics during the onset of summer monsoon in a swell dominated open ocean at a location off the west coast of India at 14m water depth are studied. 67% of the measured waves are due to the swells arriving from south and south-west and the balance was due to the seas from south-west to north-west. Wave age of the

measured data indicates that the measured waves are young sea with presence of swells. Even when the wind speed reduced to <3 m/s, significant wave height >2m is present due to the swells in the Arabian Sea. The maximum wave height increased from 2 to 8m within 60 h. The mean wave directions at the high frequencies align with the westerly wind direction and gradually shift to south-westerly swell direction at low frequencies during the wave growth. The strong westerly winds present between longitude 72º and 72.5º at latitude 12.5º has created the high waves (Hm0 upto 5.65 m) during the measured period.

14

Ashok Kumar, K.

Diwan, S.G.

Fernandes, A.A.

Illangovan, D.

Mandal, S.

Analysis of the long-term (1960-2005) sea surface temperature (SST), airtemperature and rainfall data showed a disruption of decadal cycle in the ArabianSea and suggested that Arabian Sea and the adjacent land mass is experiencingglobal warming and undergoing a regional climate shift. The analysis of the in situ data (2007-2008) from RAMA (Research moored array for African-Asian-Australianmonsoon analysis and prediction) mooring along with satellite and Argo data (200-2008) showed that the seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwesterntropical Indian Ocean was controlled by the surface heat fluxes and horizontal heatadvection.

Role of the Equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the Climate Variability (EIO-CLIVAR)

Response of the Arabian Sea to global warming and associated regional climate shift

Seasonal mixed layer heat balance of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean

PrasannaKumar, S.; Roshin, R.P.;Narvekar, J.; DineshKumar, P.K.;Vivekanandan, E.

Foltz, G.R.; Vialard, J.; PraveenKumar, B.; McPhaden, M.J.

The response of the Arabian Sea to global warming is the disruption in the natural decadal cycle in the sea surface temperature (SST) after 1995, followed by a secular warming. The Arabian Sea is experiencing a regional climate-shift after 1995, which is accompanied by a fivefold increase in the occurrence of 'most intense cyclones'. Signatures of this climate-shift are also perceptible over the adjacent landmass of India as: (1) progressively warmer winters, and (2) decreased decadal monsoon rainfall. The warmer winters are associated with a 16-fold decrease in the decadal wheat production after 1995, while the decreased decadal rainfall was accompanied by a decline of vegetation cover and increased occurrence of heat spells. It is proposed that in addition to the oceanic thermal inertia, the upwelling-driven cooling provided a mechanism that offset the CO - 2

driven SST increase in the Arabian Sea until 1995.

Sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern tropical Indian

(a) Five-year running mean of sea surface temperature (SST, °C) of the Arabian Sea (hollow circles) averaged over the basin (0°-25°N, 45°-80°E) and the sunspot activity (dark circles). Broken-line is the trend line of SST, (b) February mean air temperature (°C) averaged over northwestern India and western Himalayas, (c) AllIndia summer monsoon rain fall anomaly (red curve), 5-year running mean (black curve) and integrated decadal anomaly (coloured rectangle blocks)

15

Charyulu, R.J.K.

Muraleedharan, P.M.

Neetu, S.

Prasanna Kumar, S.Sarma, M.S.S.

Suresh, I.

Suryanarayana, A.

Ocean exerts a significant influence on global climate through its influence on the Indian summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In this study, measurements from a long-term moored buoy are used in conjunction with satellite, in situ, and atmospheric reanalysis datasets to analyze the seasonal mixed layer heat balance in the thermocline ridge region of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. This region is characterized by a shallow mean thermocline (90 m, as measured by the 20ºC isotherm) and pronounced seasonal cycles of Ekman pumping and SST (seasonal ranges of -0.1

-1to 0.6 m day and 26º-29.5ºC, respectively). It is found that surface heat fluxes and horizontal heat advection contribute significantly to the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat storage. The net surface heat flux tends to warm the mixed layer throughout the year and is strongest during boreal fall and winter, when

surface shortwave radiation is highest and latent heat loss is weakest. Horizontal heat advection provides warming during boreal summer and fall, when southwestward surface currents and horizontal SST gradients are strongest, and is close to zero during the remainder of the year. Vertical turbulent mixing, estimated as a residual in the heat balance, also undergoes a significant seasonal cycle. Cooling from this term is strongest in boreal summer, when surface wind and buoyancy forcing are strongest, the thermocline ridge is shallow (<90 m), and the mixed layer is deepening. These empirical results provide a framework for addressing intraseasonal and interannual climate variations, which are dynamically linked to the seasonal cycle, in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. They also provide a quantitative basis for assessing the accuracy of numerical ocean model simulations in the region.

16

Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean, atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS)

The investigations carried out during the year fall into four categories: estuarineprocesses, tsunamis, air-sea interaction, and large-scale ocean dynamics. Researchhighlights include the following. (i) Observations in the Mandovi estuary show that this estuary (and, in general, monsoonal estuaries) is not of the classical, steady-state type typically found in other regions. A study of the characteristics of tidalpropagation in Mandovi and Zuari estuaries shows that they are flood-dominant. (ii)Can undersea cables be used to detect tsunamis? (iii) Sea-surface temperature datafrom satellite-tracked drifting buoys show that the diurnal range is lowest during thesummer monsoon and highest during spring. Data on Indian rainfall and convectivesystems in the northwest Pacific indicate a significant impact of the latter on theIndian monsoon. (iv) Studies of large-scale waves in the North Indian Ocean showinterannual variability of equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves in the equatorial andcoastal waveguides. Analysis of altimeter data shows that in spite of the basin-widepresence of these waves, there are regions in the Indian Ocean where sea-levelvariability is negligible at interannual periods. Model simulations are used toexplain the existence of these variability minima.

Variation in amplitude (cm) and phase (degree) of observed (dotted line) and simulated (solid line) five major tidal diurnal and semidiurnal constituents in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries

Tidal asymmetry in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, the West Coast of IndiaManoj, N.T.; Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Sundar,D.

Harmonic analysis of the observed and simulated tides in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries along the west coast of India was carried out. Tidal constituents derived from this process were analyzed to study the tidal asymmetry in these estuaries. Sea level observations during March-April 2003 at 13 stations in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries were used for the harmonic analysis. Simulations of tides were carried out using a hybrid network numerical model. The model could well simulate the amplitude and phase of five major tidal constituents (K , O , M , N ,1 1 2 2

S ) in almost all stations in the 2

Mandovi and Zuari estuaries. Both observations and simulations show that the amplitude and phase of major diurnal and semidiurnal constituents increase toward the upstream regions. The increase of this predominant species toward the upstream regions shows that the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries are not frictionally dominated estuaries because amplification due to geometrical effects cancels the decay in amplitude due to friction. The rapid increase of the first and second harmonics of M2

and compound tides inside the

17

Gandhi, A.S.

Gopalkrishna, V.V.

Ramesh Kumar, M.R.

Shankar, D.

Unnikrishnan, A.S.

estuaries shows the nonlinear response of the Mandovi and Zuari estuarine systems to tidal forcing. The M /M amplitude ratio 4 2

indicates that the tide is subjected to more asymmetry in the Zuari than that in the Mandovi estuary. The increase of the first harmonic of M and decrease of relative 2

surface phase (2M - M ) inside the 2 4

Mandovi and Zuari estuaries show that these estuaries are flood dominant estuaries.

The movement of electrically conducting ocean water in the ambient geomagnetic field induces secondary electric and magnetic fields in the oceans. Ocean water transport is now routinely inferred from undersea cable voltage data. The scientists have tried to answer the question whether the method could also be useful to detect tsunami. A barotropic shallow water model along with a three-dimensional electromagnetic induction code was used to predict the electric fields induced by the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004. It is shown that the ocean flow related to the Indian Ocean Tsunami must have induced electric voltages of the order of ±500 mV across the existing submarine cables in the Indian Ocean. The electric fields induced by the Tsunami flow have strength within the range of ±10 mV/km, with enhancements along the main flow region and near the coasts and islands. Thus, making use of the in-service or retired submarine cables to measure the electric potential across oceans, it may be possible to detect water movement related to tsunami.

The Mandovi and Zuari are two tropical estuaries along the west coast of India, characterized by

Can undersea voltage measurements detect tsunamis?

Tidal circulation and salinity distribution in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries: Case study

Manoj, C.; Kuvshinov, A.; Neetu, S.; Harinarayana, T.

Manoj, N.T.; Unnikrishnan, A.S.

mixed tides with semidiurnal dominance and heavy fresh water influx during the southwest monsoon (June to September). Previous observations of tides in these estuaries show that the tidal effects in the upstream regions are subject to decay due to freshwater influx during the southwest monsoon. The longitudinal distribution of salinity in these estuaries undergoes large variations between the southwest monsoon and the dry season (February to May). The main objectives of the present study were to simulate the tidal circulation, the longitudinal distribution of salinity, and the freshwater influence on tides and the salinity distribution. Another objective was to study the intraseasonal variations of salinity during the breaks in the southwest monsoon. A hybrid network numerical model was used for the present study to simulate the tidal circulation and the salinity distribution in these estuaries. The model reproduced observed tides accurately during the dry and wet seasons. The model could reproduce the longitudinal distribution of salinity well during the dry season and the simulation of salinity distribution was

reasonably well during the wet season. The simulated tidally averaged salinities over the M2 tidal period for varying river discharges show that even a small freshwater influx can affect the longitudinal distribution of salinity to a great extent in this type of estuaries.

Repeat XBT transects made at near-fortnightly intervals in the Lakshadweep Sea (southeastern Arabian Sea) and ocean data assimilation products are examined to describe the year-to-year variability in the observed near-surface thermal inversions during the winter seasons of 2002-06. Despite the existence of a large low-salinity water intrusion into the Lakshadweep Sea, there was an unusually lower number of near surface thermal inversions during the winter 2005/06 compared to

Reduced near-surface thermal inversions in 2005-06 in the southeastern Arabian Sea (Lakshadweep Sea)Nisha, K.; Rao, S.A.; Gopalakrishna, V.V.;Rao, R.R.; Girishkumar, M.S.; Pankajakshan, T.; Ravichandran, M.; Rajesh, S.; Girish, K.; Johnson, Z.; Anuradha, M.; Gavaskar, S.S.M.; Suneel, V.; Krishna, S.M.

Observed dotted line and simulated solid line tides at different stations in the Mandovi during the wet and dry seasons are shown on the left and right panels, respectively; 72 hours on the left panel correspond to 0.0 hours 19/08/1993 and 72 hours on the right panel correspond to 0.0 hours 7/04/1993

18

the other winters. The possible causative mechanisms are examined. During the summer monsoon of 2005 and the following winter season, unusually heavy rainfall occurred over the southwestern Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep Sea compared to other years in the study. Furthermore, during the winter of 2005, both the East India Coastal Current and the Winter Monsoon Current were stronger compared to the other years, transporting larger quantities of low salinity waters from the Bay of Bengal into the Lakshadweep Sea where a relatively cooler near-surface thermal regime persisted owing to prolonged upwelling until November 2005. In addition, the observed local surface wind field was relatively stronger, and the net surface heat gain to the ocean was weaker over the Lakshadweep Sea during the postmonsoon season of

XBT station locations for W23, W34, W45, W56 and W67 in the Lakshadweep Sea. Black and red dots represent XBT stations with and without temperature inversions respectively

2005. Thus, in winter 2005/06, the combination of prolonged upwelling and stronger surface wind field resulting in anomalous net surface heat loss caused weaker secondary warming of the near-surface waters in the Lakshadweep Sea. This led to a weaker horizontal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient between the Lakshadweep Sea and the intruding Bay of Bengal waters and, hence, a reduced number of thermal inversions compared to other winters despite the presence of stronger vertical haline stratification.

The association between convective systems over the northwest Pacific

On the role of convective systems over the northwest Pacific and monsoon activity over the Indian subcontinentRameshKumar, M.R.; Babu, A.K.; Reason, C.

(NWP) and monsoon activity over the Indian subcontinent has been studied for the period 1951-2003. It was found that no systems formed over the NWP region about 5 pentads prior to and 5 pentads after the monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK), southwest India. The characteristics of these convective systems such as frequency, geographical location, duration of the systems and the direction of movement of the systems over the NWP have been examined in relation to breaks in monsoon conditions over the Indian sub-continent during contrasting monsoon years. A see-saw nature of convection between the NWP and north Indian Ocean was found during the years with excess monsoon rainfall. It was also seen that the low level wind flow at 850 hPa was substantially more (less) and directed towards the Indian

19

subcontinent (equatorial region) during the monsoon years that experienced a rainfall excess (deficit). It was found that in the deficit years and prolonged breaks in monsoon conditions, the majority of systems (about 69%) formed further south than in the case of excess monsoon years. The maximum difference in the shift of latitude (5.4º) and longitude (6.9º) was observed in the peak monsoon month of July indicating the significant influence of the convective systems over the northwest Pacific Ocean on the monsoon activity over the Indian subcontinent. This significant shift in the genesis of the cyclones over the NWP could be due to the shift in the low level jet.

A new observational record of upper-ocean currents at 15ºN on the western coast of India is dominated by intraseasonal (55-110 day) variations of alongshore

Intraseasonal response of the northern Indian Ocean coastal waveguide to the Madden-Julian OscillationVialard, J.; Shenoi, S.S.C.; McCreary, J.P.;Shankar, D.; Durand, F.; Fernando, V.;Shetye, S.R.

currents, whereas sea level at the same location has a clear seasonal signal. These observations can be interpreted within the framework of linear wave theory. At 15ºN, the minimum period for planetary waves is ~ 90 day, meaning that intraseasonal energy is largely trapped at the coast in the form of poleward-propagating Kelvin waves, while lower-frequency signals associated with the annual cycle can radiate offshore as planetary waves. This dynamical difference results in a steeper offshore slope of sea level at intraseasonal timescale, and thus stronger geostrophic alongshore currents. A consequence is that the alongshore currents are in-phase with intraseasonally-filtered sea level near the coast, and a gridded satellite product is shown to reproduce the current variations reasonably well. The intraseasonal current variations along the west coast of India are part of basin-scale sea-level fluctuations of the Northern Indian Ocean equatorial and coastal waveguides. The wind forcing associated with this basin scale circulation closely matches surface wind signals associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation.

On the diurnal ranges of sea surface temperature (SST) in the north Indian OceanShenoi, S.S.C.; Nasnodkar, N.; Rajesh, G.; Joseph, K.J.; Suresh, I.; Almeida, A.M.

This study describes the variability in the diurnal range of SST in the north Indian Ocean using in situ measurements and tests the suitability of simple regression models in estimating the diurnal range. SST measurements obtained from 1556 drifting and 25 moored buoys were used to determine the diurnal range of SSTs. The magnitude of diurnal range of SST was highest in spring and lowest in summer monsoon. Except in spring, nearly 75-80% of the observations reported diurnal range below 0.5ºC. The distributions of the magnitudes of diurnal warming across the three basins of north Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Equatorial Indian Ocean) were similar except for the differences between the Arabian Sea and the other two basins during November-February (winter monsoon) and May. The magnitude of diurnal warming that depended on the location of temperature sensor below the water level varied with seasons. In spring, the magnitude of diurnal warming diminished drastically with the increase in the depth of temperature sensor. The diurnal range estimated using the drifting buoy data was higher than the diurnal range estimated using moored buoys fitted with temperature sensors at greater depths. A simple regression model based on the peak solar radiation and average wind speed was good enough to estimate the diurnal range of SST at ~1.0 m in the north Indian Ocean during most of the seasons except under low wind-high solar radiation conditions that occur mostly during spring. The additional information on the rate of precipitation is found to be redundant for the estimation of the magnitude of diurnal warming at those depths.

Tracks of systems over BB and NWP during the deficit monsoon composite

20

Time-dependence of salinity in monsoonal estuaries

Interannual variability of Kelvin wave propagation in the wave guides of the equatorial Indian Ocean, the coastal Bay of Bengal and the southeastern Arabian Sea during 1993-2006

Vijith, V.; Sundar, D.; Shetye, S.R.

Rao, R.R.; GirishKumar, M.S.; Ravichandran, M.; Rao, A.R.;Gopalakrishna, V.V.; Pankajakshan, T.

The theories and classification schemes commonly used for understanding estuarine dynamics often refer to a steady state of the estuary in which the salinity field is time-independent. In this state salinity-ingress into the estuary due to different processes (diffusion, gravity current formation, impact of tidal asymmetries, etc.) is balanced by salinity-egress induced by runoff. Here we point out that the salinity field of the estuaries that are located on the coasts of the Indian subcontinent and come under the influence of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is never in a steady state. We refer to such estuaries as ''monsoonal estuaries'', an example of which is the Mandovi estuary located on the west coast of India. The annual cycle of the salinity field in this estuary are described and concluded that the essential unsteadiness of the salinity field arises from two features of the runoff into it. First, most of the runoff occurs as a series of episodes of highs and lulls spread over about 4 months of the wet summer monsoon. Second, the total runoff is large, well over an order of magnitude larger than the estuarine volume. We define two parameters to represent these two features, and show that they can be used to distinguish the monsoonal estuaries from others.

The observed variability of the Kelvin waves and their propagation in the equatorial wave guide of the Indian Ocean and in the coastal wave guides of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the southeastern Arabian Sea (AS) on seasonal to interannual time scales during

years 1993-2006 is examined utilizing all the available satellite and in-situ measurements. The Kelvin wave regime inferred from the satellite-derived sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) shows a distinct annual cycle composed of two pairs of alternate upwelling (first one occurring during January-March and the second one occurring during August-September) and downwelling (first one occurring during April-June and the second one occurring during October-December) Kelvin waves that propagate eastward along the equator and hit the Sumatra coast and bifurcate. The northern branches propagate counter clockwise over varied distances along the coastal wave guide of the BoB. The potential mechanisms that contribute to the mid-way termination of the first upwelling and the first down welling Kelvin waves in the waveguide of the BoB are hypothesized. The second downwelling Kelvin wave alone reaches the southeastern AS, and it shows large interannual variability caused primarily by similar variability in the equatorial westerly winds during boreal fall. The westward propagating

downwelling Rossby waves triggered by the second downwelling Kelvin wave off the eastern rim of the BoB also shows large interannual variability in the near surface thermal structure derived from SODA analysis. The strength of the equatorial westerlies driven by the east-west gradient of the heat sources in the troposphere appears to be a critical factor in determining the observed interannual variability of the second downwelling Kelvin wave in the wave guides of the equatorial Indian Ocean, the coastal BoB, and the southeastern AS.

Wavelet analysis of altimeter sea level in the Indian Ocean shows regions of high variability (maxima) and low variability (minima) at all time scales. At interannual time scales, i.e., at periods of 17 months or more, minima are seen at several places: in the central equatorial Indian Ocean; in the Arabian Sea along the south and west coasts of India and Sri Lanka,

Minima of interannual sea-level variability in the Indian OceanShankar, D.; Aparna, S.G.; McCreary, J.P.;Suresh, I.; Neetu, S.; Durand, F.; Shenoi, S.S.C.; AlSaafani, M.A.

Wavelet Power (cm2) at 3-year priod averaged over 1993-2004, for altimeter data (top), model main run (MR; bottom)

21

along the northern boundary, in the Gulf of Aden, and in patches along the coast of Oman; and in the Bay of Bengal along the east coasts of Sri Lanka and India south of ~ 10ºN, and in the southern bay east of the Sri Lanka thermal dome. The cause of these interannual minima using a linear, continuously stratified numerical model, which is able to simulate the observed minima was investigated. The forcing into a set of processes: direct forcing by winds in the interior ocean, forcing by winds blowing along continental boundaries, and forcing by Rossby waves generated by the reflection of equatorial Kelvin waves at the

eastern boundary. At interannual periods, minima (maxima) of interannual variability occur where the direct wind forcing and reflected Rossby waves interfere destructively (constructively) were separated. At interannual periods within the tropics, the adjustment time scale of the system is less than that of the forcing, leading to a quasi-steady balance, a property that distinguishes the interannual minima from those at annual and semiannual time scales. Idealized solutions show that the presence of India causes the minimum along the Indian west coast, and that it extends around the perimeter of the Arabian Sea into the Gulf of Aden.

22

Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastal ecosystems along the east coast of India

Study of cadmium-humic interactions and determination of stability constants of cadmium-humate complexes from their diffusion coefficients obtained by scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniquesChakraborty, P.

Diffusion coefficients of Cd–humate complexes are dependent on pH and [Cd]/[Humic] Acid (HA)] ratio in a Cd-HA system. These two factors mainly control the mass transport and complexation kinetics of Cd that may influence bioavailability and toxicity of Cd species in environmental systems. Determination of diffusion coefficients of Cd-HA systems by Scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques can provide a better understanding of the systems and can be very useful for extracting other speciation parameters of the systems. This study revealed that

2+Cd ion along with small dynamic Cd complexes was predominantly present in a Cd-HA system at pH 5 with high diffusion coefficients. HA molecules were in aggregated form at pH 5. However, HA molecules were in disaggregated form at pH 6

2+and concentrations of Cd ion and small Cd-dynamic complexes

decreased with a decrease in diffusion coefficients of Cd complexes at this pH due to formation of Cd-humate complexes. No further decrease in the hydrodynamic radii of HA was observed with the increase of pH from 6 to 7. The Cd-humate

system partially lost its lability at pH 7. Conditional stability constants were calculated for Cd-humate complexes by combining the diffusion coefficient data obtained by two techniques. The log K values calculated in this study are in good agreement with

Dynamics of organic material in the environment are important as these substancesdetermine nature of biogeochemical processes in an aquatic environment. Thedynamics range from origin to decomposition of organic material with its transportand transformations in time and space. Biogeochemical processes are largely afunction of nature and quantum of organic material available in the system.Implications of nature of organic compounds include facilitation of metalcomplexation, which determines not only metal ion availability to organisms but alsoits catalytic or toxicity levels. Availability and forms of organic matter alsodetermines the nature of microbial activity and its implications to material cycles innatural water bodies. Our experimental results on cadmium ion lability underchanging pH and humic acid contents and field results on intense heterotrophicactivity fuelled by river discharged organic materials in Godavari in summermonsoon are presented here.

Schematic diagram of humic acid at different pH. (A) At pH 5 humic acid molecules are aggregated due to neutralization of negative charges by H+. Cd remains mainly as free in the solution that facilitated higher mobility and hence an increase the average diffusion coefficient was observed. (B) AtpH 6, humic acid disaggregates to smaller molecules, with the availability of complexing sites for Cd2+ ions to undergo complexation and resulting in the lowered average diffusion coefficient. (C) AtpH 7, humic acid does not disaggregate. However, Cd started to form inert complexes at this pH

23

Biswas, H.

Chakraborty, P.

Dileep Kumar, M.Moturi, S.K.

Murty, T.V.R.

Reddy, N.P.

Sadhuram, Y.

Sarma, V.V.

Sarma, V.V.S.S.

the data available from the literature.

To examine the influence of river discharge on plankton metabolic balance in a monsoon driven tropical estuary, daily variations in physico-chemical and nutrients characteristics were studied over a period of 15 months (September 2007 to November 2008) at a fixed location (Yanam) in the Godavari estuary, India. River discharge was at its peak during July to September with a sharp decrease in the middle of December and complete cessation thereafter. Significant amount of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, of 22-26

Influence of river discharge on plankton metabolic rates in the tropical monsoon driven Godavari estuary, IndiaSarma, V.V.S.S.; Gupta, S.N.M.; Babu, P.V.R.; Acharya, T.; Harikrishnachari, N.; Vishnuvardhan, K.; Rao, N.S.; Reddy,N.P.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Sadhuram, Y.; Murty,T.V.R.; Kumar, M.D.

-1μmol l ) and dissolved inorganic -1phosphate (DIP, of 3-4 mmol l )

along with suspended materials -1(0.2-0.5 g l ) were found at the

study region during the peak discharge period. A net heterotrophy with low gross primary production (GPP) occurred during the peak discharge period. The Chlorophyll a (Chl a) varied

-3between 4 and 18 mg m thatreached maximum levels when river discharge and suspended loads decreased by >75% compared to that during peak period. High productivity was sustained for about one and half months during October to November when net community production (NCP) turned from net heterotrophy to autotrophy in the photic zone. Rapid decrease in nutrients (DIN and DIP by ~ 15

-1and 1.4μmol l , respectively) was observed during the peak Chl aperiod of two weeks. Chl a in the post monsoon (October–November) was negatively related to river discharge. Another peak in Chl ain January to February was

associated with higher nutrient concentrations and high DIN:DIP ratios suggest possible external supply of nitrogen into the system. The mean photic zone productivity to respiration ratio (P:R) was 2.38 ±0.24 for the entire study period (September 2007-November 2008). Nevertheless, the ratio of GPP to the entire water column respiration was only 0.14 ±0.02 revealing that primary production was not enough to support water column heterotrophic activity. The excess carbon demand by the heterotrophs could be met from the allochthonous inputs of mainly terrestrial origin. Assuming that the entire phytoplankton produced organic material was utilized, the additional terrestrial organic carbon supported the total bacterial activity (97-99%) during peak discharge period and 40-75% during dry period. Therefore, large amount of terrestrial organic carbon is getting decomposed in the Godavari estuarine system.

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of a high-nutrients-low chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with ironin combination withBiogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, and transfers across interfaces in the north Indian Ocean with food and medicinal values

Biogeochemical processes in the northern Indian Ocean are globally significant dueto extensive water column oxygen-depletion that occurs both in the open ocean andover continental shelves. The work undertaken in the project dealt with variousaspects of pelagic oxygen deficiency, namely, relative importance of denitrificationand anaerobic ammonium oxidation in combined nitrogen loss, effects of hypoxia oncoastal benthos, its historical records and nutrient cycling in the Mandovi estuary.

Denitrification exceeds anammox as a nitrogen loss pathway in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zoneBulow, S.E.; Rich, J.J.; Naik, H.; Pratihary, A.K.; Ward, B.B.

The oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the world oceans are sites of enhanced anaerobic nitrogen transformations, such that the largest OMZ, the Arabian Sea, is responsible for 30-50% of the oceanic water column fixed N loss. Measurements of excess N2

and nitrate deficits have been interpreted to indicate a large net loss of fixed nitrogen through N2

production in waters with very low oxygen concentrations. Rates of N2

production both by denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) were

15investigated by measuring N-N215 + 15 -production from NH , NO , and 4 2

46N O in incubations at 3-4 depths 2

at each of the three stations in the central region of the Arabian Sea OMZ. In addition to conventional measurements of anammox and denitrification rates from incubations in 12ml exetainers purged with He, the effect of ammonium and organic carbon additions on N production rate is 2

also studied. Denitrification was detected at every depth at every station; the maximum rate (25.3

-1 -1 15±9.1 n mol l d from the NO2

-1 -1tracer and 21.2 ±5.6 n moll d46from the N O tracer) occurred at 2

the depth of the secondary nitrite maximum in the core of the OMZ.

46The N O tracer was the most 2

direct method to measure the denitrification rate. Rates of denitrification correlated strongly with water column nitrite concentration. Addition of organic carbon or ammonium did not consistently stimulate denitrification rates. Distribution of anammox was patchy; low rates of

29anammox production of N215in NH + incubations were detected -4

at only four of eleven depths. The highest rate of anammox

-1 -1production (4.23 ±0.35 nmoll d )occurred near the upper boundary of the OMZ at one station. Overall, denitrification dominated N2

production at this time in the Arabian Sea OMZ.

Under certain conditions, sediment cores from coastal settings subject to hypoxia can yield records of environmental changes over time scales ranging from decades to millennia, sometimes with a resolution of as little as a few years. A variety of biological and

Historical records of coastal eutrophication-inducedhypoxiaGooday, A.J.; Jorissen, F.; Levin, L.A.; Middelburg, J.J.; Naqvi, S.W.A.; Rabalais, N.N.; Scranton, M.; Zhang, J.

geochemical indicators (proxies) derived from such cores have been used to reconstruct the development of eutrophication and hypoxic conditions over time. Those based on (1) the preserved remains of benthic organisms (mainly foraminiferans and ostracods), (2) sedimentary features (e.g. laminations) and (3) sediment chemistry and mineralogy (e.g. presence of sulphides and redox-sensitive trace elements) reflect conditions at or close to the seafloor. Those based on (4) the preserved remains of planktonic organisms (mainly diatoms and dinoflagellates), (5) pigments and lipid biomarkers derived from prokaryotes and eukaryotes and (6) organic C, N and their stable isotope ratios reflect conditions in the water column. However, the interpretation of these indicators is not straight forward. A central difficulty concerns the fact that hypoxia is strongly correlated with, and often induced by, organic enrichment caused by eutrophication, making it difficult to separate the effects of these phenomena in sediment records. The problem is compounded by the enhanced preservation in anoxic and hypoxic sediments of organic microfossils and biomarkers indicating eutrophication. The use of hypoxia-specific proxies, such as the trace metals molybdenum and

25

Agnihotri, R.Kurian, S.

Naik, H. Naqvi, S.W.A.

Narvekar, P.V.Sardesai, S.D.Shenoy, D.M.

rhenium and the bacterial biomarker isorenieratene, together with multi-proxy approaches, may provide a way forward. All proxies of bottom-water hypoxia are basically qualitative; their quantification presents a major challenge to which there is currently no satisfactory solution. Finally, it is important to separate the effects of natural ecosystem variability from anthropogenic effects. Despite these problems, in the absence of historical data for dissolved oxygen concentrations, the analysis of sediment cores can provide plausible reconstructions of the temporal development of human induced hypoxia, and associated eutrophication, invulnerable coastal environments.

Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthosLevin, L.A.; Ekau, W.; Gooday, A.J.;Jorissen, F.; Middelburg, J.J.; Naqvi,S.W.A.; Neira, C.; Rabalais, N.N.; Zhang, J.

Coastal hypoxia (defined here as -1 -1<1.42 ml L ; 62.5μM; 2 mg L , ~.

30% oxygen saturation) develops seasonally in many estuaries, fjords, and along open coasts as a result of natural upwelling or from anthropogenic eutrophication induced by riverine nutrient inputs. Permanent hypoxia occurs naturally in some isolated seas and marine basins as well as in open slope oxygen minimum zones. Responses of benthos to hypoxia depend on the duration, predictability, and intensity of oxygen depletion and on whether H S is formed. Under suboxic 2

conditions, large mats of

filamentous sulfide oxidizing bacteria cover the seabed and consume sulfide. They are hypothesized to provide a detoxified microhabitat for eukaryotic benthic communities. Calcareous foraminiferans and nematodes are particularly tolerant of low oxygen concentrations and may attain high densities and dominance, often in association with microbial mats. When oxygen is sufficient to support metazoans, small, soft-bodied invertebrates (typically annelids), often with short generation times and elaborate branchial structures, predominate. Large taxa are more sensitive than small taxa to hypoxia. Crustaceans and echinoderms are typically more sensitive to hypoxia, with lower oxygen thresholds, than annelids, sipunculans, molluscs and cnidarians. Mobile fish and shellfish will migrate away from low-oxygen areas. Within a species, early life stages may be more subject to oxygen stress than older life stages. Hypoxia alters both the structure and function of benthic communities, but effects may differ with regional hypoxia history. Human-caused hypoxia is generally linked to eutrophication, and occurs adjacent to watersheds with large populations or agricultural activities. Many occurrences are seasonal, within estuaries, fjords or enclosed seas of the North Atlantic and the NW Pacific Oceans. Benthic faunal responses, elicited at oxygen levels

-1below 2 ml L , typically involve avoidance or mortality of large species and elevated abundances of enrichment opportunists, sometimes prior to population crashes. Areas of low oxygen persist seasonally or continuously beneath upwelling regions, associated with the upper parts of oxygen minimum zones (SE Pacific, W Africa, N Indian Ocean). These have a distribution largely distinct from eutrophic areas and support a resident fauna that is adapted to survive and reproduce at oxygen

-1concentrations <0.5 ml L . Under both natural and eutrophication caused hypoxia there is loss of diversity, through attrition of

Trends in faunal and environmental parameters in cores from the Louisiana coast, west of the Mississippi River delta. (a) The ratio between the abundance of Ammonia and Elphidium (A–E index) in three cores (C10, E30, G27), and the percentage abundance of Buliminella (G27). (b) Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SWDI) for foraminiferans and ostracods and the percentage of the mineral glauconite among the coarser sediment grains. (c) Frequency of biologically bound silica (BSi) in core E30 and organic carbon accumulation rate. (d) Nitrogen fertilizer use in the Mississippi River basin and land drainage. (e) Nitrate concentration in the lower Mississippi River and lower Mississippi River discharge. ( Reprinted from Ecological Applications, Vol. 15, supplement, Rabalais, N. N., Turner, R. E., Sen Gupta, B. K., Platon, E., and Parsons, M.L.: Sediments tell the history of eutrophication and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico, S129–S143, 2007, with permission from The Ecological Society of America. ) Yasuhara et al. (2007) described changes in ostracod abundance

26

intolerant species and elevated dominance, as well as reductions in body size. These shifts in species composition and diversity yield altered trophic structure, energy flow pathways, and corresponding ecosystem services such as production, organic matter cycling and organic C burial. Increasingly the influences of nature and humans interact to generate or exacerbate hypoxia. A warmer ocean is more stratified, holds less oxygen, and may experience greater advection of oxygen-poor source waters, making new regions subject to hypoxia. Future understanding of benthic responses to hypoxia must be established in the context of global climate change and other human influences such as overfishing, pollution, disease, habitat loss, and species invasions.

Denitrification in the ocean is a major sink for fixed nitrogen in the global N budget, but the process is geographically restricted to a few oceanic regions, including three oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) and hemipelagic sediments worldwide. The diversity and community composition of microbes responsible for denitrification in the OMZ using polymerase chain reaction, sequence and fragment analysis of clone libraries of the signature genes (nirK and nirS) that encode the enzyme nitrite reductase, responsible for key denitrification transformation steps is described. It is shown that denitrifying assemblages vary in space and time and exhibit striking changes in diversity associated with the progression of denitrification from initial anoxia through nitrate depletion. The initial denitrifying assemblage is highly diverse, but succession on the scale of 3-12 days leads to a much less diverse assemblage and dominance by one or a few phylotypes. This

Denitrifying bacterial community composition changes associated with stages of denitrification in oxygen minimum zonesJayakumar, D.A.; O'Mullan, G.D.; Naqvi, S.W.A.; Ward, B.B.

progression occurs in the natural environment as well as in enclosed incubations. The emergence of dominants from a vast reservoir of rare types has implications for the maintenance of diversity of the microbial population and suggests that a small number of microbial dominants may be responsible for the greatest rates of transformations involving nitrous oxide and global fixed nitrogen loss. Denitrifying blooms, driven by a few types responding to episodic environmental changes and distributed unevenly in time and space, are consistent with the sampling effect model of diversity-function relationships. Canonical denitrification thus appears to have important parallels with both primary production and nitrogen fixation, which are typically dominated by regionally and

temporally restricted blooms that account for a disproportionate share of these processes worldwide.

Primary production in over half of the world's oceans is limited by fixed nitrogen availability. The main loss term from the fixed nitrogen inventory is the production of dinitrogen gas (N ) by 2

heterotrophic denitrification or the more recently discovered autotrophic process, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) are responsible for about 35% of oceanic N production and 2

Denitrification as the dominant nitrogen loss process in the Arabian SeaWard, B.B.; Devol, A.H.; Rich, J.J.; Chang, B.X.; Bulow, S.E.; Naik, H.; Pratihary, A.K.; Jayakumar, A.

The stages of denitrification. (a) Cartoon representing relative concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and molecular nitrogen as a function of stage of denitrification. (b) Variation in H ‘ with stage of denitrification. Data include nirK (open triangles) and nirS (square), coastal [21] and open ocean (SK209), and samples from both bag incubations and in situ conditions. (c) Dominance index for all samples in b

27

up to half of that occurs in the Arabian Sea. Although denitrification was long thought to be the only loss term, it has recently been argued that anammox alone is responsible for fixed nitrogen loss in the OMZs. Here we measure denitrification and anammox rates and quantify the abundance of denitrifying and anammox bacteria in the OMZ regions of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific and the Arabian Sea. It is found that denitrification rather than anammox dominates the N loss term in the Arabian 2

Sea, the largest and most intense OMZ in the world ocean. In seven

of eight experiments in the Arabian Sea denitrification is responsible for 87-99% of the total N2

production. The dominance of denitrification is reproducible using two independent isotope incubation methods. In contrast, anammox is dominant in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific OMZ, as detected using one of the isotope incubation methods, as previously reported. The abundance of denitrifying bacteria always exceeded that of anammox bacteria by up to 7- and 19-fold in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific and Arabian Sea, respectively. Geographic and temporal

Chemical profiles for experimental stations in the Arabian Sea and ETSP. Oxygen (dotted traces), nitrate (crosses), and nitrite (circle) concentrations at two stations in the Arabian Sea (a, b) and two in the ETSP off Peru (c, d). Solid lines are smoothed curves connecting the data. (a) Station 1, 19ºN, 67º E, bottom depth 3,100 m. (b) Station 2, 15ºN, 64ºE, bottom depth 3,930 m. (c) Station 9, 15º 38ºS, 75º 08’ W, bottom depth 977 m. (d) Station 24, 12º 15’S, 79º 18’W, bottom depth 4,899 m. Arrows indicate depths where denitrification and anammox rates were measured

variability in carbon supply may be responsible for the different contributions of denitrification and anammox in these two OMZs. The large contribution of denitrification to N loss in the Arabian Sea 2

indicates the global significance of denitrification to the oceanic nitrogen budget.

In-situ measurements of benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients were made in the subtidal region of the Mandovi estuary during premonsoon and monsoon seasons to understand the role of sediment-water exchange processes in the estuarine ecosystem. The Mandovi estuary is a shallow, highly dynamic, macrotidal estuary which experiences marine condition in the premonsoon season and nearly fresh water condition in the monsoon season. The benthic flux of nutrients exhibited strong seasonality, being higher in the premonsoon compared to the monsoon season which explains the higher ecosystem productivity in the dry season in spite of negligible riverine nutrient input. NH + was the major form of 4

released N comprising 70–100% of DIN flux. The benthic respiration rate varied from -98.91 to -35.13

-2 -1 +mmol m d , NH flux from 5.15 4-2 -1 - -to 0.836 mmol m d , NO + NO3 2

-2 -1from 0.06 to -1.06 mmol m d ,-2 -1DIP from 0.12 to 0.23 mmol m d

4-and SiO from 5.78 to 0.41 mmol 4-2 -1m d between premonsoon to

monsoon period. The estuarine sediment acted as a net source of DIN in the premonsoon season, but changed to a net sink in the monsoon season. Variation in

+salinity seemed to control NH flux 4

considerably. Macrofaunal activities, especially bioturbation, enhanced the fluxes 2-25 times. The estuarine sediment was observed to be a huge reservoir of

+ 4 3- 4-NH , PO and SiO and acted as 4 4

a net sink of combined N because of the high rate of benthic

Benthic fluxes in a tropical estuary and their role in the ecosystemPratihary, A.K.; Naqvi, S.W.A.; Naik, H.; Thorat, B.R.; Narvenkar, G.; Manjunatha, B.R.; Rao, V.P.

28

denitrification as it could remove 22% of riverine DIN influx thereby protecting the ecosystem from eutrophication and consequent degradation. The estuarine sediment was responsible for ~30-50% of the total community respiration in the estuary. The

3-benthic supply of DIN, PO and 44-SiO can potentially meet 49%, 4

Seasonal changes in the pore water profiles in the estuary

25% and 55% of algal N, P and Si demand, respectively, in the estuary. Based on these observations it has been hypothesize that it is mainly

+benthic NH efflux that sustains 4

high estuarine productivity in the -NO depleted dry season.3

29

Percent of arsenic biotransformed from the growth medium by bacterial isolates FW1 and FW3 (Enterobacteriaceae); FW2 (Pseudomonas sp.); ES9 (Micrococcus sp.); FW4 (Corynebacterium sp.) and EW6 (Acinetobacter sp.)

Bioprospecting and biotechnology of marine microorganisms

Morphometry and cell volumes of diatoms from a tropical estuary of IndiaRaviKumar, M.S.; Ramaiah, N.; Tang, D.

Cell volumes and per cell carbon contents of different diatoms (10 centric, 14 pennate and 1 dinoflagellate) collected from Dona Paula Bay in the central west coast of India have been analyzed. Morphometric information on the phytoplankton types recovered through many replicate samples for calculating the cell volumes and to estimate per cell carbon content has been presented. The data on the above aspects are of great significance for instance for comparison of data from different geographic locations. Cell dimensions of all identified plankton species comprising diatoms (90% of total cell counts), dinoflagellates (1%) and others (9% of total cell counts) were recorded for calculating per cell carbon content of the observed species. The carbon content, while correlating positively with increasing cell size of phytoplankton species recorded, was found to be directly dependant on cell volume. The study elucidates that the use of a standardized species list with fixed size-classes and bio volume will be necessary for a realistic measurement of carbon contents. This study also suggests that morphometric measurements are necessary for obtaining dependable estimations of cell volumes and carbon contents.

Arsenite tolerance and biotransformation potential in estuarine bacteriaNagvenkar, G.S.; Ramaiah, N.

Bacterial isolates from water and sediment samples from freshwater, estuarine and marine regions were tested for their growth in the presence of different concentrations of arsenic. Despite the generation times being longer in case of all bacterial isolates tested in nutrient broth with 200

3+ppm Arsenite (As ), many of them were able to attain log phase and substantial growth variously between 36 and 96 h. The isolates tolerating is 200 ppm arsenic (As) were found to belong to

Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Corynebaterium, Xanthomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavimonas and Micrococcus. Some of these environmental strains tolerant to 1,000 ppm arsenic were tested to realize their potential to detoxify arsenic. The rate of As biotransformation was faster by many of these strains. The percent of arsenite biotransformed/ removed from the growth medium was the highest by a strain of Enterobacteriaceae (as much as 92% of the As in the growth medium by 120 h) followed by that of Corynebaterium and Acinetobacter strains. From these observations it is clear that many

The research on microbial ecology and our searches for novel marine microbes havebeen yielding substantive insights. We have been able to carry out molecularanalyses to decipher phylogenetic diversity of bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Ecologicalstudies on autotrophic assemblages have also been carried out with a view todescribe their taxonomic composition. These investigations have led to further stepsof looking at harnessing their genetic/molecular diversity for bio-prospecting. Forinstance, fungal ligninases and laccases were studied and evaluated for reducingcolor, phenolics and COD from factory effluents. Arsenite bioremediation potential ofmetal tolerant marine bacteria was evaluated. We have been able to collect andstudy marine microbes capable of pollution clean up, de-inking to help re-use printedpapers, producing antibiotics, and yielding high quantities of certain industriallyuseful enzymes.

30

Cathrine, S.J.

Damare, S.

Dhale MA

Khandeparkar, R.D.S.

Mohandas, C.

Ramaiah, N.Ravindran, C.

environmental strains are capable of quite rapid biotransformation of As. Contamination of drinking water by toxic metalloid arsenic affects thousands of people worldwide. Many environmental isolates of bacteria which detoxify this metalloid would serve beneficial in the depuration processes. It is suggested that only such strains capable of high tolerance to toxic arsenite, would biotransform As in polluted estuarine environments and would prove useful in As bioremediation applications.

Thraustochytrids and aplanochytrids, belonging to the Labyrinthulomycetes of the Kingdom Stramenopila, have been frequently reported to occur as parasites or symbionts in a number of coastal invertebrates. Given the fact that these protists are widespread in coastal and oceanic waters, it is possible that they are also associated with pelagic zooplankton. This study examines their occurrence in zooplankton from equatorial waters of the Indian Ocean. A total of 171 of 2100 individual specimens of zooplankton yielded Labyrinthulomycetes in culture, the colony morphology and/or life cycles of which corresponded to aplanochytrids. Small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence analysis of 8 of the isolates placed them in a distinct clade among aplanochytrids, but closest to Aplanochytriumyorkensis or A. kerguelensis. The 8 isolates were further segregated into 2 clusters, corresponding to isolates obtained from 2 different seasons. Biotinylated probes for 2 isolates of A. kerguelensis from the 2 different seasons were developed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. In situ hybridization (ISH) of zooplankton using the probes with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase showed that

Association of the stramenopilan protists, the aplanochytrids, with zooplankton of the equatorial Indian OceanDamare, V.; Raghukumar, S.

aplanochytrid cells fed to copepods were grazed and could subsequently be detected in the animals. ISH on natural samples of zooplankton yielded a positive but diffuse reaction in copepods, while cells resembling aplanochytrids were detected within chaetognaths. ISH using streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate lent further support for their presence within chaetognaths. This study suggests the predominant occurrence of A.kerguelensis in association with mesozooplankton of the equatorial Indian Ocean, particularly with chaetognaths. Further studies are suggested to determine whether genetically distinct populations of A. kerguelensis are associated with chaetognaths in oceanic waters and if such an association is parasitic, mutualistic or commensalistic.

Textile dye effluents pose environmental hazards because of color and toxicity. Bioremediation of these has been widely attempted. However, their widely differing characteristics and high salt contents have required application of different microorganisms and high dilutions. The decolorization and detoxification of two raw textile effluents, with extreme variations in their pH and dye composition, used at 20-90% concentrations by each of the four marine-derived fungi was reported . Textile effluent A (TEA) contained an azo dye and had a pH of 8.9 and textile effluent B (TEB) with a pH of 2.5 contained a mixture of eight reactive dyes. The fungi isolated from mangroves and identified by 18S and ITS sequencing corresponded to two ascomycetes and two basidiomycetes. Each of these fungi decolorized TEA by 30-60% and TEB by 33-80% used at 20-90% concentrations and salinity of 15 ppt within 6 days. This was accompanied by two to threefold reduction in toxicity as measured

Four marine-derived fungi for bioremediation of raw textile mill effluentsVerma, A.K.; Raghukumar, C.; Verma, P.;Shouche, Y.S.; Naik, C.G.

by LC50 values against Artemia larvae and 70-80% reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total phenolics. Mass spectrometric scan of effluents after fungal treatment revealed degradation of most of the components. The ascomycetes appeared to remove color primarily by adsorption, whereas laccase played a major role in decolorization by basidiomycetes. A process consisting of a combination of sorption by fungal biomass of an ascomycete and biodegradation by laccase from a basidiomycete was used in two separate steps or simultaneously for bioremediation of these two effluents.

In order to study fungal diversity in oxygen minimum zones of the Arabian Sea, we analyzed 1440 cloned small subunit rRNA gene (18S rRNA gene) sequences obtained from environmental samples using three different PCR primer sets. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses yielded 549 distinct RFLP patterns, 268 of which could be assigned to fungi (Dikarya and zygomycetes) after sequence analyses. The remaining 281 RFLP patterns represented a variety of nonfungal taxa, even when using putatively fungal-specific primers. A substantial number of fungal sequences were closely related to environmental sequences from a range of other anoxic marine habitats, but distantly related to known sequences of described fungi. Community similarity analyses suggested distinctively different structures of fungal communities from normoxic sites, seasonally anoxic sites and permanently anoxic sites, suggesting different adaptation strategies of fungal communities to prevailing oxygen conditions. Additionally, we obtained 26 fungal

Fungal diversity in oxygen-depleted regions of the Arabian Sea revealed by targeted environmental sequencing combined with cultivationJebaraj, C.S.; Raghukumar, C.; Behnke, A.; Stoeck, T.

31

cultures from the study sites, most of which were closely related (497% sequence similarity) to well-described Dikarya. This indicates that standard cultivation mainly produces more of what is already known. However, two of these cultures were highly divergent to known sequences and seem to represent novel fungal groups on high taxonomic levels. Interestingly, none of the cultured isolates is identical to any of the environmental sequences obtained. This study demonstrates the importance of a multiple-primer approach combined with cultivation to obtain deeper insights into the true fungal diversity in environmental samples and to enable adequate intersample comparisons of fungal communities.

Laccase, an oxidoreductive enzyme, is important in bioremediation. Although marine fungi are potential sources of enzymes for industrial applications, they have been inadequately explored. The fungus MTCC 5159, isolated from decaying mangrove wood and identified as Cerrena unicolor based on the D1/D2 region of 28S and the 18S ribosomal DNA sequence, decolorized several synthetic dyes. Partially purified laccase reduced lignin content from sugarcane bagasse pulp by 36 % within 24h at 30ºC. Laccase was the major lignin-degrading

-1enzyme (~ 24,000 U L ) produced when grown in low-nitrogen medium with half-strength seawater. Three laccases, Lac I, Lac II, and Lac III, of differing molecular masses were produced. Each of these, further resolved into four isozymes by anion exchange chromatography. The N terminal amino acid sequence of the major isozyme, Lac IId showed 70-85 % homology to laccases from

A thermostable metal-tolerant laccase with bioremediation potential from a marine-derived fungusDeSouza-Ticlo, D.; Sharma, D.; Raghukumar, C. basidiomycetes. It contained an N-

linked glycan content of 17 %. The optimum pH and temperature for Lac IId were 3 and 70ºC, respectively, the half-life at 70ºC being 90 min. The enzyme was most stable at pH 9 and retained greater than 60 % of its activity up to 180 min at 50ºC and 60ºC. The enzyme was not inhibited by Pb, Fe, Ni, Li, Co, and Cd at 1 mmol. This is the first report on the characterization of thermostable metal-tolerant laccase from a marine-derived fungus with a potential for industrial application.

Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) interact with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 to activate macrophage/microglia in central nervous system (CNS). The potential involvement of the chemokine CCL9 and its receptor

CpG-ODNs induces up-regulated expression of chemokine CCL9 in mouse macrophages and microgliaRavindran, C.; Cheng, Y.-C.; Liang, S.-M.

CCR1 in the effects of CpG-ODNs on macrophage/microglial cells are investigated. CpG-ODNs enhanced the expression of TLR9 mRNA of RAW264.7 macrophage and BV2 microglia cells time dependently. The expression of CCL9 of macrophages/microglia showed different responsiveness upon stimulation with a variety of CpG-ODN sequences. The CpG-ODNs-mediated induction of CCL9 was TLR9/MyD88 dependent and associated with activation of stress kinases, particularly ERK, p38 MAPK and PI3K. The expression of CCR1 was also significantly increased by CpG-ODNs that increased CCL9 expression. These results reveal the potential involvement of CCL9 and CCR1 in regulation of macrophage and microglial cells by CpG-ODNs and may help improving our understanding about the role of the chemokine/chemokine receptor pairs in macrophage/microglia under physiologic and pathologic conditions.

Decolorization of Congo Red (a), Trypan Blue (b), Methylene Blue (c), and Aniline Blue (d) by MTCC 5159 in plate assay

32

Pigment and amylase production in Penicillium sp NIOM-02 and its radical scavenging activityDhale, M.A.; VijayRaj, A.S.

Penicillium sp NIOM-02 was isolated from the marine sediment, produced red pigment. The pigment extracted from this fungus scavenged 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Penicillium sp NIOM-02 grown in media containing corn steep liquor scavenged 72-88% of DPPH radical. During solid-state fermentation on wheat (S1), the fungus produced more pigment (9.232 OD Units). Penicillium sp NIOM-02 grown on sugarcane bagasse scavenged 91% of DPPH radicals. It secreted more amylase

-1(246 U mg ) in culture medium No. 5 and the zymogram analysis revealed its molecular mass (53 kDa). The taka-amylase like character of amylase was determined by acarbose incorporated studies in the culture media. Production of pigment and radical scavenging activity of Penicillium sp NIOM-02, suggested its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical industries.

UV-Visible spectra of pigment produced by Penicillium sp IOM-02 grown on different solid substrate medium (S1–S6)

Spatio-temporal variability of dinoflagellate assemblages in different salinity regimes in the west coast of IndiaAlkawri, A.A.S.; Ramaiah, N.

General abundance and species composition of dinoflagellate community in different salinity gradients along the coast of Goa (west coast of India) were studied with a view to understand the annual variations in particular the toxic species. Regular monthly samples were collected from the inter-tidal regions for elucidating the effect of physical and chemical parameters on dinoflagellate assemblage at four disparate locations in terms of their salinity. From this 13-month study, a total number of 25 dinoflagellate species were identified. Of these, 10 are known toxic species. Ceratiumfurca was the most dominant dinoflagellate species at all four sampling locations throughout the year. Its highest number, 5763

-1cells l , were observed during September 2008 at the estuarine sampling location off Siridao. The toxic species, Alexandrium

Variations in dinoflagellate cell counts and chlorophyll a concentration in the surface waters from September 2007 to September 2008 at different sampling locations off Goa, west coast of India

33

-1minutum (1171 cells l ) followed by -1Dinophysis acuminata (838 cells l )

were found to attain maximum cell numbers among the 10 different toxic species detected from the study area. It is apparent from our results that the distribution of both general and toxic dinoflagellate species in the study area is affected due to variations in physico-chemical parameters, in particular temperature, salinity and nitrate that in turn are governed by the monsoonal dynamics.

This study addresses the spatial variability in mesozooplankton biomass and composition in the Central and Western Bay of Bengal (India) during the summer monsoon season of 2001. Perennially warmer sea surface temperatures (>28ºC), stratified top layer (sea surface salinity, 28-33 psu), high turbidity, and low nutrient concentrations due to weak/null upwelling and light limitation make the Bay of Bengal a region of low primary productivity. Despite this, mesozooplankton biomass values,

-3i.e. 2.9-104 mg C m in the Central -3Bay and 1.3-31 mg C m in the

Western Bay, observed in the mixed layer (2-51 m) during the summer monsoon were in the same range as reported from the more productive Arabian Sea. Mesozooplankton biomass was five times and density 18 times greater at stations with signatures of cold-core eddies, causing a higher spatial heterogeneity in zooplankton distribution. Among the 27 taxonomic groups recorded during the season, Copepoda was the most abundant group in all samples followed by Chaetognatha. The dominant order of Copepoda, Calanoida, was represented by 132 species in a total of 163 species recorded. Oncaea venusta was the key copepod species in the Bay. In the Central Bay, the predominant

Mesozooplanktoncommunity in the Bay of Bengal (India): Spatial variability during the summer monsoonFernandes, V.; Ramaiah, N.

copepod species were carnivorous/omnivorous vis-a-vis mostly herbivores in the Western Bay. Pleuromamma indica increased to its maximum abundance at 18ºN in the Central Bay, coinciding with the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations. The Central Bay had higher mesozooplankton biomass, copepod species richness and diversity than in the Western Bay. Although zooplankton biomass and densities were greater at the eddy stations, correlation between zooplankton and Chl a was not statistically significant. It appears that the grazer mesozooplankton rapidly utilize the enhanced phytoplankton production in cold-core eddies.

Studies on abundance and types of various pollution indicator bacterial populations from tropical estuaries are rare. This study was aimed to estimate current levels of pollution indicator as well as many

Abundance of sewage-pollution indicator and human pathogenic bacteria in a tropical estuarine complexNagvenkar, G.S.; Ramaiah, N.

groups of human pathogenic bacteria and their seasonal variations in different locations in Mandovi and Zuari Rivers in the central west coast of India. The sampling covered the estuarine and upstream regions of these rivers representing premonsoon (May 2005), monsoon (September 2006) and post-monsoon (November 2005). Both the abundance and types of autochthonous and allochthonous microbial populations in the near shore environments are affected by land drainages, domestic sewage outfalls and other discharges. The overall ranges (and their mean

-1abundance; no. ml ) of the monitored groups of bacteria were: total coliforms: 0-29, 047

-1(3,134-ml ); total streptococci: 3-14,597 (798); total vibrios: 13-42,275 (2,530); Escherichia coli:0-1,333 (123); Vibrio cholerae:0-3,012 (207); Salmonella spp:0-1,646 (90); Streptococcusfaecalis: 0-613 (88) and Aeromonasspp: 0-2,760 (205). In general, abundance of sewage pollution indicator bacteria such as total coliforms and total streptococci was lower than that reported from many other locations worldwide.

Total direct counts (TDC) of bacteria in water samples collected from Mandovi–Zuari estuarine complex during different seasons

34

Breeding and mass-scale rearing of three spotted seahorse, Hippocampustrimaculatus Leach under captive conditionsMurugan, A.; Dhanya, S.; Sreepada, R.A.; Rajagopal, S.; Balasubramanian, T.

Recent establishment of techniques for captive breeding and closure of the life cycle of some seahorse species is expected to help in achieving the twin objectives of reducing pressure on wild stocks as well as providing alternative subsistence livelihoods to fisher-folk currently involved in seahorse fishing. The relatively higher fishing pressure on the three-spotted seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach, one of the commercially important species sought in traditional Chinese medicine, necessitated the need to develop techniques for captive breeding and mass-scale rearing for conservation and aquaculture purposes. Data on the reproductive efficiency of captive brood stock and the effect of exogenous factors (light intensity, prey type, ingestion and salinity) on survival and growth of juveniles of H. trimaculatus are presented. Significantly higher reproductive efficiency (number of juveniles

Habitat Ecology, controlled reproduction and conservation of marine organisms with food and medicinal values

Studies on the reproductive efficiency and influence of exogenous variables such aslight intensity, ingestion, rate, digestion period, salinily tolerance on growth andsurvival of pelagic phase juveniles and mass culture of three-spotted seahorse,Hippocampus trimaculatus. The studies highlighted that the light intensityinfluences greatly the survival in the rearing of pelagic phase juveniles. Optimal sizeof prey organisms for different stages of growth of laboratory reared H. trimaculatuswere determined. The protocols and feeding regimes followed in the mass rearing ofthree spotted seahorse will help in developing a sound hatchery and culturetechniques for commercially important and fast dwindling seahorse species.

Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide is extensively used to control pests inagriculture and horticulture and the use of endosulfan has increased considerably inthe recent years. A study was carried out to assess the effect of sublethal doses ofendosulfan on concentrations of biomolecules (protein, carbohydrate, glycogen, freesugar and lipids) in economically important penaeid shrimp, Metapenaeusmonoceros. This species is one of the major species occurring in coastal waters,estuaries and traditional aquaculture ponds. The study revealed that theconcentrations of biomolecules were affected significantly when shrimps wereexposed to sublethal doses of endosulfan. There is a need to regulate the use ofendosulfan in agriculture and horticulture.

released) was observed when parent seahorses were fed with amphipods (Eriopisa spp.) (P<0.05). The survival of pelagic phase juveniles reared under three different light intensities (1000, 1500 and 2000 lx) differed significantly (P<0.05) with 2000 lx resulting in the highest survival (77.3 ±3.1%). An ontogenetic shift in feeding behaviour from rotifer to copepod nauplii was observed in >2 DAB (days after birth) old juveniles. Estimated digestion period (DP) in 6 DAB old juveniles was 3 h 20 m and the DP reduced as the juveniles grew in size. Salinity tolerance experiments indicated that juveniles and adults of H. trimaculatus are able to tolerate salinities not extending

below 26 and 17 ppt, respectively. The average growth rates peaked during 1530 DAB (Ht, 1.64 mm

-1day ). The first sign of maturity in male (pouch development) and female (dropping of egg clutch) was noticed at 95 DAB and 115 DAB, respectively. The sex ratio of cultured seahorses skewed towards female (1:1.2) and differed significantly from equality (P>0.05). Mean number of newborn juveniles released by first mated males was

-165 ±20 juveniles seahorse (n=9 pairs) and egg clutch droppings by newly matured females was 45 ±17

-1eggs seahorse (n=21) in F2 generation. Maximum height (Ht) attained at the end of the culture period of 26 weeks was 125 mm with no significant difference in growth between the sexes (P>0.05). Mean growth attained (Ht, 119.9 ±15.3 mm) and survival rate achieved (65%) at the end of 26 weeks of mass-scale rearing are comparable with reports on other seahorse species. It is expected that the results of this study could guide future programmes in hatchery technology and aquaculture of this commercially important fast dwindling seahorse species.

Survival of juveniles under different light intensities during the pelagic phase rearing of Hippocampus trimaculatus. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation (n=3)

35

Ansari, Z.A.Sreepada, A.R.

A study on biochemical changes in the penaeid shrimp, Metapenaeusmonoceros (Fabricius) following exposure to sublethal doses of organochlorine pesticide (endosulfan)Suryavanshi, U.; Sreepada, R.A.; Ansari,Z.A.; Nigam, S.; Badesab, S.

Endosulfan, a broad-spectrum non-systemic organochlorine (OC) pesticide is extensively used to control a wide variety of pests in agriculture, horticulture and public health programmes. Biochemical changes occurring in the metabolically active tissues of gills (GL), hepatopancreas (HP) and muscle (MU) of the penaeid shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros(Fabricius) on exposure to two

-1sublethal doses (40 and 60 ng L )of endosulfan were studied for 23 days of exposure (DoE). Sublethal doses of endosulfan significantly (P<0.05) altered the levels of the total protein (TP), the total carbohydrates (TC), the glycogen (GLY), the total free sugars (TFS) and the total lipids (TL) in test shrimps. Concentrations of biochemical components

significantly varied with the DoE but were dose-independent (P<0.05). Percent decrease in all biochemical components increased with the progress of the DoE irrespective of the exposure concentrations. The order of percent decrease in the concentrations of the TP, TC, GLY, TL and TFS in different tissues at the end of 23 DoE was found to be MU > GL > HP, HP > GL > MU, MU > HP > GL, HP > MU > GL and MU > GL > HP, respectively. The results of the study revealed that sublethal doses of endosulfan significantly alters the proximate composition of major tissues, particularly the TP levels in the MU tissues thereby reducing the nutritive value of this economically important penaeid shrimp. Since M. monoceros exhibits significant biochemical changes on exposure to endosulfan, this species could possibly be used as biosensor of coastal marine and estuarine pollution by OCs.

36

Evaluation, mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling

Physiological responses to hypoxia and anoxia in Balanus amphitrite(Cirripedia: Thoracica)Desai, D.V.; Prakash, S.

The barnacle Balanus amphitriteDarwin is a dominant intertidal and major fouling organism. As its life cycle includes both sessile and pelagic phases, adaptation is a necessity to tolerate harsh conditions that are faced in the intertidal and pelagic environment. A downward trend in dissolved oxygen levels in coastal areas has been recently observed, which would have a more prominent effect on sessile organisms inhabiting the intertidal habitats. The effects of reduced dissolved oxygen levels (hypoxia) and no oxygen (anoxia) on B. amphitriteadults and nauplii was assessed. Their response was evaluated by estimating the levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. The impact of desiccation on antioxidant enzymes in adult B. amphitritecollected from different tidal heights was also evaluated. When nauplii were starved, 100 % mortality was observed after 64 h under hypoxia, and between 24 and 32 h under anoxia. However, when nauplii were exposed to hypoxia and anoxia along with food, their tolerance level increased. A decrease in naupliar feeding rate and oxygen consumption was observed when they were exposed to hypoxia and anoxia. A significant difference in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in adult B. amphitrite collected at

different tidal levels was observed. Enzyme activity increased with increase in the duration of tidal exposure, suggesting a capability to adapt to stress in different niches. Nauplii showed antioxidant defense (increased enzyme activity) under hypoxia and anoxia. The magnitude of change in enzyme levels suggests that these enzymes could be potential biomarkers of stress.

A new species of copepod, Paracalanus arabiensis sp. nov. collected from Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Goa, central west coast of India, is described. It differs from its congeners mainly in the structure of leg 5, with a row of six teeth along the edge of inner terminal spine resulting in a serrated margin and two small,

New species of Paracalanidae along the west coast of India: Paracalanus arabiensisKesarkar, K.S.; Anil, A.C.

stiff spines of equal length protrude in between the terminal spines.

Ships have been identified as one of the important vectors in the translocation of organisms from one bioregion to another leading to bioinvasion. In this context, harbours serve as a gateway for the introduction of alien species. Surveys were carried out in the vicinity of ports of Mumbai for macrobenthic fauna, zooplankton and hard substratum community on three different occasions during 2001-2002. The study shows that 14 polychaete species are recently introduced to this area. Mytilopsissallei, a bivalve, which is an invasive species in the Indian context continued to be present but was restricted to enclosed

Mumbai harbour, India: Gateway for introduction of marine organismsGaonkar, C.; Sawant, S.S.; Anil, A.C.;Venkat, K.; Harkantra, S.N.

Effect of normoxia (control), hypoxia and anoxia on the mortality of B. amphitrite nauplii under starvation. In case of anoxia tretment all the nauplii were dead after 32h of exposure so no data were presented beyond 32h. Error bars:+SD

Biofouling and Bioinvasion in the marine environment are important to the health ofthe oceans. They have economic and bio-security implications. We looked at issuesthat are relevant to ships ballast water management, impact of antifouling toxicbiocides on the environment, distribution of particulate carbohydrate species andthe physiological response of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, a dominantintertidal and fouling organism to hypoxia and anoxia.

37

Anil, A.C.Desai, D.V.

Imchen, T.

Khandeparker, L.D.S.

Mitbavkar, S.

Patil, J.

Sawant, S.S.

docks, indicating preference for embayed water bodies. The polychaete Protula tubularia was abundant in the hard substratum community and is being reported as a possible ship-mediated introduction.

Surface sediment samples were analyzed for organotins namely tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin and monobutyltin from six areas located in the Gulf of Cadiz (14 stations), Spain. The total butyltin ranged between undetected and

-11,580 ng Sn g . TBT generally prevailed in most of the samples, suggesting fresh inputs of butyltin compounds and/or less degradation of TBT. The observed levels of butyltins at several sites are much higher than that required to induce toxic effect on marine organisms, suggesting that these sediments are polluted with butyltin compounds. The clam Ruditapes philippinarum was used for studying bioaccumulation of butyltins by exposing them to contaminated sediments from the Gulf of Cadiz over a period of 28 days under laboratory conditions. Biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) ranged from 0.44 to 3.99.

Distribution of butyltins (TBT, DBT, MBT) in sediments of Gulf of Cadiz (Spain) and its bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes philippinarumGarg, A.; Anton-Martın, R.; Garcıa-Luque, E.; Riba, I.; DelValls, T.A.

Distribution of particulate carbohydrate species in the Bay of BengalKhodse, V.B.; Bhosle, N.B.; Gopalakrishna, V.V.

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) of surface seawaters was collected during December 2003 to October 2004 at 10 stations in the Bay of Bengal, and analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN), total particulate carbohydrate (TPCHO) and total particulate uronic acids (TPURA). The concentrations of POC, TPCHO and TPURA varied from 4.80 to 29.12, 0.85 to 4.24, 0.09 to 0.91μM C, respectively. The TPCHO-C and TPURA-C accounted for 6.6-32.5 % and 0.87-3.65 % of POC. The trends observed for the distribution of these compounds were generally similar to those recorded for the distribution of chlorophyll a(Chl a). The C/N ratios varied from 3.2 to 22.3 with most of the values being <10. This suggests that the organic matter was mostly derived from phytoplankton and bacteria. Relatively low C/N ratios and high TPCHO yield imply that freshly derived organic matter was present during SWM and FIM. Our data suggest that the quality and quantity of organic matter varied spatially and seasonally.

38

Bioactive molecules from marine environment

Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopic (DRIFTS) investigation of E.coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicansDeSouza, L.; PrabhaDevi; Kamat, T.;Naik, C.G.

The present study consists of a refined method for obtaining

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopic (DRIFTS) data for biological samples in the mid infrared region

-1(4000-600 cm ). The biological cells used in the study included identified clinical strains of E. coli(Gram negative bacterium), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacterium) and Candidaalbicans (yeast). The method for

obtaining DRIFTS data is described herein, which may be useful for studying the biochemical composition of microbial cells as well as for species-specific identification. The raw spectrum for each culture was treated using various algorithms (Kubelka Munk algorithm and Savitzky-Golay algorithm) and converted into its second derivative (2D). Hierarchical cluster analysis of 2D data, using Ward's algorithm produced dendrogram, which was distinct for each strain under study. Principal component analysis provided clusters of groups used during the study.

2 - (2',4'- Dibromophenoxy) - 4, 6 - dibromophenol isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa(Bergquist) collected off the coast of Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean, exhibited potent and broad spectrum in-vitro antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin resistant

Antibacterial Activity of 2- (2',4'- Dibromophenoxy) -4, 6 - dibromophenol from Dysidea granuloseDivyaShridhar, M.P.; Mahajan, G.B.; Kamat, V.P.; Naik, C.G.; Parab, R.R.; Thakur, N.R.; Mishra, P.D.

Representative original mid-infrared absorption spectra (I), Kubelka Munk (II) and second derivative (III) for Candida albicans

A brominated compound, 2-(2',4'-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol hascomparable activity to the marketed anti-MRSA antibiotic, linezolid. This brominatedcompound obtained from Dysidea granulosa has demonstrated as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti VRE drug development. The observed MIC for thisbrominated compound studied against 75 clinical and standard strains are 0.117-2.5 µg/ml for gram positive and 0.5-2 µg/ml for gram negative bacteria. Study onbatch culture of Penicillium chrysogenum, MTCC 5108 has produced citrinin, anantibiotic compound. It has been isolated and identified by chromatographic andspectroscopic techniques and showed that its concentration did not influence thegrowth of culture. Secondary metabolite isolated from the associated microorganism,Aspergillus sp. having a potential donor group may be used as ligand for thesynthesis of coordination compounds. Compound having oxygen chelating groupsuch as 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone isolated from marine fungus hasbeen used as bioligand for synthesis of water soluble coordination compounds.ESIMS analysis of bile of the euryhalin fish Oreochromis mossambicus revealed thepresence of PAH-DNA adducts which may be formed in fish contaminated with PAHsand exposed to NO . This study indicated that tandem mass spectrometry can be2

used as powerful tool for analysis of PHAs and DNA adducts. The method forobtaining Diffused Reflectance Infra Red Fourier Transform spectroscopic (DRFTS)data is being studied for biological samples which can be used for studyingbiochemical composition, microbial cells as well as for species specific identification.Hierarchical cluster analysis has been applied to DRIFT data and obtained differentspectral window for different strains.

39

D'Souza, L.M.Menezes, M.

Singh, K.S.

Thakur, N.

Tilvi, S.S.

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococci(VRE), vancomycin sensitive Enterococci (VSE) and Bacillusspp. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against 57 clinical and standard strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The observed MIC range was 0.117-2.5μg / mL against all the Gram positive bacteria and 0.5 - 2μg / mL against Gram negative bacteria. The in-vitro antibacterial activity observed was better than that of the standard antibiotic linezolid, a marketed anti-MRSA drug. The results establish 2 - (2',4'-dibromophenoxy) - 4, 6 - dibromophenol, as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti-VRE drug development.

Batch fermentation of Penicilliumchrysogenum, MTCC 5108 was carried out using potato dextrose broth medium prepared in seawater: distilled water (1:1). Biomass as dry weight was determined by gravimetric analysis. Citrinin, the main secondary metabolite, is produced in large quantities during the stationary phase of growth. The yield amounted to ~imately 530 mg

-11 . After optimization of culture conditions, P. chrysogenum was mass cultured and citrinin was isolated and purified from the medium using a combination of chromatographic techniques (Thin layer and column chromatography). Citrinin, thus obtained was characterized on the basis of its spectral data (UV, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electrospray Ionization Mass spectra). This study presented a report on the effect of the concentration of citrinin on the growth of the

Batch culture fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenumand a report on the isolation, purification, identification and antibiotic activity of citrininPrabhaDevi; DeSouza, L.; Kamat, T.;Rodrigues, C.; Naik, C.G.

culture and antibiotic activities assayed by disc diffusion method using clinical pathogens.

A series of water soluble compounds of general formula

6 6[{(Eta -arene)Ru(HMP)Cl}], [Eta -6 6arene = Eta -cymene (1), eta -

6HMB (2), eta -C H (3); HMP = 5-6 6

hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone] have been prepared by the

6reaction of [{(eta -arene) RuCl } )2 2

6Water soluble (Eta - arene) ruthenium (II) complexes incorporating marine derived bioligand: Synthesis, spectral and structural studiesSingh, K.S.; Svitlyk, V.; PrabhaDevi; Mozharivskyj, Y.

with HMP. The complexes 1 and 2 react with NaN to give in excellent 3

6yield tetra-azido complexes [{(Eta -arene)Ru(Mu N )N } ] (arene = 3 3 2

cymene 4, HMB = 5) but similar reaction of complex 3 with NaN3

6yielded di-azdo complex [{(Eta -C H )Ru(Mu N )Cl} ) (6). Reaction of 6 6 3 2

6[{(Eta -arene)Ru(Mu N )Cl} ] with 3 2

HMP in the presence of NaOMe resulted in the formation of azido

6complex [{(Eta -arene)Ru(HMP)N }].3

Mono and dinuclear complexes 6[{(Eta -arene)Ru(HMP)(L )}] + and 16[{(Eta -arene) Ru(HMP)} (Mu L )] + 2 2 2

were also prepared by the reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with the appropriate ligand, L or L in the 1 2

presence of AgBF (L = PyCN, 4 1

DMAP; L = 4,4`-bipy, pyrazine). 2

Molecular structure of complex 1 showing two independent molecule Aand molecule B. All hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity

40

The complexes are characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and molecular structures of three representative compounds have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study.

Mutagenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) have been known to arise in the environment through direct emissions from combustion sources and nitration of PAHs, primarily in the atmosphere. In the marine environment, PAHs are one of the classic anthropogenic organic pollutants, while nitrite

-(NO ) is produced naturally via 2

various biological processes like imbalance in ditrification/ denitrification or eutrophication and subsequent oxygen depletion from an oversupply of nutrients. In this paper, we report the formation of PAH-DNA adducts in fish contaminated with PAHs and

-exposed to NO in the ambient 2

water. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-

Detection of DNA damage in fish Oreochromismossambicus induced by co-exposure to phenanthrene and nitrite by ESI-MS/MSWahidullah, S.; Rajamanickam, Y.R.

MS/MS) analysis of the bile of the euryhaline fish Oreochromismossambicus exposed simultaneously to field relevant sublethal concentrations of

-phenanthrene and NO and 2

collision-induced dissociation of selected ions revealed the presence of DNA-PAH adducts. The present study indicates that, although several high sensitivity techniques have been developed for the analysis of PAH derived DNA adducts, MS/MS has emerged as a powerful tool in the detection and structure elucidation of DNA adducts.

Chemical investigation of the liposoluble extract of the gorgonian Acanthogorgia turgida, from Indian coasts, led us to isolate a new xenicane-based norditerpene, isoacalycixeniolide-A (1), along with the known structurally related compounds 2-6. The structure of the norditerpene (1) was elucidated by spectral methods (mainly by

A new xenicane norditerpene from the Indian marine gorgonian AcanthogorgiaturgidaManzo, E.; Ciavatta, M.L.; Gavagnin, M.; Villani, G.; Quaranta, C.; DeSouza, L.; Cimino, G.

NMR techniques), whereas the absolute stereochemistry was suggested by the application of circular dicroism methodology.

Two metabolites featuring norcembranoid diterpene skeleton have been isolated from chloroform extract of soft coral of the genus sinularia, which was collected from the southern coast of India. The structures of the metabolites were determined by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic data and HRESIMS data analysis. The compounds have shown moderate-to-high antimicrobial activities. The structure and the relative stereochemistry of the metabolite 1 have been determined by x-ray crystallography.

Structural studies and antimicrobial properties of norcembrane diterpenoid from an Indian soft coral Sinularia inelegans Tixier-DurivaultSingh, K.S.; Kaminsky, W.H.; Rodrigues, C.; Naik, C.G.

41

Impact of offshore placer mining experiments (PLAMEX) on the sediment size and heavy minerals

Composition of macrobenthos from the Central Indian Ocean Basin

Valsangkar, A.B.; Fernandes, D.

Pavithran, S.; Ingole, B.S.; Nanajkar, M.; Raghukumar, C.; Nath, B.N.; Valsangkar,A.B.

Two offshore placer mining experiments (PLAMEX) were conducted using submersible pumps specially designed by Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur (India) at 8 m water depth in Kalbadevi Bay (PLAMEX-I), Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,and off Paradip (PLAMEX-II), Orissa, to determine the effects on sediment grain size and heavy mineral assemblages. The PLAMEX-I results for the sediments off Kalbadevi Bay showed no major effects on the average sand, silt and clay, grain size, and the heavy mineral percentages. The PLAMEX-II results for the sediments off Paradip showed mixed effects due to the dynamic environmental conditions.

The deep sea is well known for its high faunal diversity. But the current interest in its abundant polymetallic nodules, poses a threat to the little known benthic organisms surviving in this unique environment. The present study is

Environmental impact analyses of mining of marine minerals

the first attempt to document the Indian Ocean abyssal benthic diversity of macro invertebrates and to investigate its relation to the surface primary production (chl-a),sediment labile organic matter, organic carbon and texture. The present study is based on 87 individuals. Altogether 39 macro invertebrate genera were obtained from water depths of 4500-5500m from 23 box cores. Reduction in macrobenthic density was seen towards the southern latitudes. The area was dominated by deposit feeding macrobenthos. Vertically, the fauna was distributed down to 30 cm depth, with the highest faunal density in the top 2-5 cm sediment section. The values for population density were strongly correlated with surface water chl-aand sediment protein, indicating supply of fresh organic matter as a critical factor for maintaining the deep sea benthic diversity and abundance.

The deep-sea is well known for high benthic biodiversity despite being a low-food environment. However, most deep-sea organisms are very small in size as an adaptation to food limitation. Macrofauna are generally considered to be organisms larger than 0.5 mm and smaller than 3

Importance of sieve size in deep-sea macrobenthic studiesPavithran, S.; Ingole, B.S.; Nanajkar, M.; Goltekar, R.C.

cm. However, the smaller body size in the deep sea has led to the use of mesh sizes ranging between 0.25 and 0.5 mm to collect macrofauna, 0.3 and 0.5 mm being the most commonly used mesh sizes for deep-sea sampling. During these studies the effectiveness of sieves of two different mesh sizes (0.3 and 0.5 mm) in assessing macrofaunal diversity, density and biomass were tested. A total of 66 species were obtained with the smaller mesh, while the larger mesh retained only 40 macrofaunal species. Thus, use of larger mesh resulted in the loss of 39% species over the smaller mesh (p=0.0001). However, both sieves yielded high densities of organisms, high species diversity and steep rarefaction curves for nematodes and polychaetes. Using the larger mesh resulted in a significant loss in biomass of 90% and 78% for polychaetes and nematodes, respectively. Vertically in the sediment, faunal density was sampled more effectively with the smaller mesh sieve. These results showed a significant reduction in the number of species, organism density, and biomass of macrofauna with use of a 0.5 mm mesh rather than a 0.3 mm mesh and that a sieve of lower mesh size is more suitable for evaluation of deep-sea macrofauna.

Our understanding of the possible environmental impacts of mining of marineminerals is based on multi-disciplinary baseline information as well as experimentaldata simulating small scale mining. Two such experiments for coastal (~ 5 m deep) placer deposits have shown variable results owing to local environmental conditionswith short term impacts. On the other hand, lateral and vertical distribution ofmacrofauna and optimisation of their analytical methods, as well as growthcharacteristics of culturable fungi from deep-sea (~ 5000 m) sediments providesinsights into the faunal diversity associated with polymetallic nodules that occur inthe area claimed by India in the international waters of Indian Ocean and arepotential resource for strategic metals (Cu, Ni, Co and others) for the country. As abiotechnological application, the effects of different medium components and theirinteractions with laccase production in fungi were studied for optimization of growthconditions for large scale production of enzymes.

42

Khadge, N.H.

Mascarenhas, M.B.L.

Nath, B.N.

Sharma, R.K. Valsangkar, A.B.

Phylogenetic diversity of culturable fungi from the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Basin and their growth characteristicsSingh, P.; Raghukumar, C.; Verma, P.;Shouche, Y.

Very few studies have addressed the diversity of culturable fungi from deep-sea sediments. Reporting here are the diversity of culturable fungi in deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Basin obtained from a depth of ~. 5,000 m. A total of 16 filamentous fungi and 12 yeasts isolated from 20 sediment cores of ~. 35 cm length were identified by 18S and ITS sequencing of SSU rDNA. Most of the filamentous fungi were Ascomycota, while two were Basidiomycota. Microscopic identification of sporulating cultures mostly matched either with 18S or ITS sequences but seldom with both the sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of ascomycetes using 18S sequence data grouped them into 7 clusters belonging to Aspergillus sp., Sagenomella sp., Exophiala sp., Capronia sp., Cladosporium sp., Acremonium sp. and Tritirachiumsp. ITS sequence data grouped isolates into 6 clusters belonging to Aspergillus sp., uncultured member of Hypocreaceae,Exophiala sp., uncultured soil fungus, Hypocreales and Trichothecium sp. The two basidiomycete isolates were a Tilletiopsis sp. evident from 18S as well as ITS sequence data. In contrast, most of the yeast isolates belonged to Basidiomycota and only one isolate belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. Sequences of 18S as well as ITS gave matching identification of most of the yeasts. Filamentous fungi as well as the yeasts grew at 200 bar/5ºC indicating their adaptations to deep-sea conditions. This is the first report on isolation of Sagenomella, Exophiala, Caproniaand Tilletiopsis spp. from deep-sea sediments. This study reports on the presence of terrestrial fungi as a component of culturable fungi in deep-sea sediments.

Effects and interactions of medium components on laccase from a marine-derived fungus using response surface methodologyDeSouza-Ticlo, D.; Garg, S.; Raghukumar, C.

The effects of various synthetic medium components and their interactions with each other ultimately impact laccase production in fungi. This was studied using a laccase-hyper-producing marine-derived basidiomycete, Cerrena unicolor MTCC 5159. Inducible laccases were produced in the idiophase only after addition of an inducer such as CuSO . Concentration of 4

Effect of glucose and citrate on (a) Biomass and (b) Laccase production in a low nitrogen medium

carbon and nitrogen acted antagonistically with respect to laccase production. A combination of low nitrogen and high carbon concentration favored both biomass and laccase production. The most favorable combination

-1resulted in 917 U L of laccase. After sufficient growth had occurred, addition of a surfactant such as Tween 80 positively impacted biomass and increased the laccase activity to around

-11,300 U L . Increasing the surface to volume ratio of the culture vessel further increased its activity

-1to almost 2,000 U L .

43

Geochemicalcharacterization of oceanic basalts using artificial neural networkDas, P.; Iyer, S.D.

The geochemical discriminate diagrams help to distinguish the volcanics recovered from different tectonic settings but these diagrams tend to group the ocean floor basalts (OFB) under one class i.e., as mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB). Hence, a method is specifically needed to identify the OFB as normal (N-MORB), enriched (E-MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB). Artificial

Genesis and occurrence of deep sea mineral deposits (Polymetallic Nodules)

Neural Network (ANN) technique as a supervised Learning Vector Quantisation (LVQ) is applied to identify the inherent geochemical signatures present in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) basalts. A range of N-MORB, E-MORB and OIB dataset was used for training and testing of the network. Although the identification of the characters as N-MORB, E-MORB and OIB is completely dependent upon the training data set for the LVQ, but to a significant extent this method is found to be successful in identifying the characters within the CIOB basalts. The study helped to geochemically delineate the CIOB basalts as N-MORB with perceptible imprints of E-MORB and OIB characteristics in the form of moderately enriched rare earth and incompatible elements. Apart from the fact that the magmatic processes are difficult to be deciphered, the architecture performs satisfactorily.

The only well-known terrestrial analogue of impact craters in basaltic crusts of the rocky planets is the Lonar crater, India. For the

Geochemical identification of impactor for Lonar crater, IndiaMishra, S.; Newsom, H.E.; ShyamPrasad, M.; Geissman, J.W.; Dube, A.;Sengupta, D.

first time, evidence of the impact or that formed the crater has been identified within the impact spherules, which are ~ 0.3 to 1 mm in size and of different aerodynamic shapes including spheres, teardrops, cylinders, dumbbells and spindles. They were found in ejecta on the rim of the crater. The spherules have high magnetic susceptibility (from 0.31 to 0.02 SI-mass) and natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity. Both NRM and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) intensity are

2~. 2 Am /kg. Demagnetization response by the NRM suggests a complicated history of remanence acquisition. The spherules show schlieren structure described by chains of tiny dendritic and octahedral-shaped magnetite crystals indicating their quenching from liquid droplets. Microprobe analyses show that, relative to the target basalt compositions, the spherules have relatively high average Fe O (by ~ 1.5 wt%), MgO 2 3

(~ 1 wt%), Mn (~ 200 ppm), Cr (~ 200 ppm), Co (~ 50 ppm), Ni (~ 1000 ppm) and Zn (~ 70 ppm), and low Na O (~ 1 wt%) and P O2 2 5

(~ 0.2 wt%). Very high Ni contents, up to 14 times the average content of Lonar basalt, require the presence of a meteoritic component in these spherules. It is interpreted that the high Ni, Cr, and Co

A use of the ANN network with 25 neurons indicates the CIOB basalts to be dominantly N-MORB in nature but a few samples have a combination of either E/P-MORB or OIB character or E/P-MORB and OIB characters along with the N-MORB character

New crust is formed at the mid-oceanic ridges, Ray et al. discovered several suchserpentine vein networks associated with clusters of magnetite at the Central IndianRidge. They infer that these serpentinites might have formed due to the interaction ofharzburgites and seawater at a low temperature. Further, basalts are characterizedusing discriminatory diagrams, however, these diagrams are not all-encompassing.An new artificial neural network based method is presented by Das and Iyer forclassifying basalts which is all-inclusive. The Lonar lake is perhaps the only wellestablished meteorite impact crater in basaltic rocks, although discovered a centuryago, the nature of the impactor was unknown. This century old mystery has been resolved with the work of Misra et al. The accuracy of any geochemical analysis is indicated by the analysis of reference standards, new data on the trace elements aswell as Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios is provided for JSd-1 and MAG-1 referencestandards using ICP-QMS and ICP-SFMS using isotope dilution-internalstandardization (ID-IS) methods (please see Nath et al.). And, an improved core linerwhich facilitates sediment core sampling is presented by Valsangkar.

44

Banerjee, R.

Das, P.

Gowda, R.N.

Gupta, S.M.

Iyer, S.D.

Shyam Prasad, M.

abundances in these spherules to indicate that the impact or of the Lonar crater was a chondrite, which is present in abundances of 12 to 20 percent by weight in these impact spherules. Relatively high Zn yet low Na O and P O contents 2 2 5

of these spherules indicate exchange of volatiles between the quenching spherule droplets and the impact plume.

In view of the requirement of a well-characterized and easily available aquatic sediment reference material, a comprehensive analysis comprising of fifty major, minor and trace elements as well as Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes were carried out in the stream sediment reference material, JSd-1, issued by the Geological Survey of Japan. The data for marine sediment reference material, MAG-1, issued by U.S. Geological Survey is also obtained for comparison. The elements were divided into two groups: Group I and Group II. Elements in Group I form stable soluble ions in HNO ;3

Comprehensive analysis for major, minor and trace element contents and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios in sediment reference materials, JSd-1 and MAG-1Nath, B.N.; Makishima, A.; Noordmann,J.; Tanaka, R.; Nakamura, E.

and those in Group II form soluble oxo- and fluoro-complexes in HF, such as Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, etc. For Group I, the sample was decomposed with HF in a tetra fluoro ethylene (TFE) bomb at 245ºC for 96 hrs with Mg addition. The elemental concentration was measured by quadrupole type inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS) using isotope dilution-internal standardization (ID-IS) methods. The aliquot of the sample solution was passed through 3-step column chemistry for isotope ratio determination of Pb by multiple collector (MC) ICP-MS and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), and Sr and Nd by TIMS. For Group II elements, the sample was decomposed with HF in a TFE bomb with the same time and temperature settings. Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were determined by ID, and Nb and Ta by ID-IS using ICP-QMS. The original JSd-1 powder showed heterogeneity for Group II elements, indicating insufficient pulverization and distribution. Thus, we further pulverized the powder and measured the concentration, which showed improved homogeneity. The aliquot for the re-pulverized powder was passed through 2-step column chemistry, and the Hf isotope ratio was determined by

MC-ICP-MS. Thus a new data on the trace elements as well as Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios is provided for JSd-1 and MAG-1.

Serpentinites and serpentinized harzburgites were collected from a ridge-transform intersection at 6º39’S-68º19’E from the Northern Central Indian Ridge. The degree of serpentinization is extensive and varies from 90 to 100%. Olivine and orthopyroxene are largely pseudomorphed to lizardite-chrysotile 'mesh' and 'bastite' respectively. Numerous serpentine vein network associated with clusters of magnetite are also present. On the basis of mineralogical paragenesis, mineral chemistry and bulk rock analyses, we infer that the present serpentinites might have formed due to the interaction of harzburgites and seawater at a low temperature. Additionally, positive Eu anomaly, higher La/Sm and low Nb/La ratios suggest substantial hydrothermal input during the onset of serpentinization.

Evidences for seawater-rock hydrothermal interaction in the serpentinites from Northern Central Indian RidgeRay, Dwijesh; Banerjee, R.; Iyer, S.D.; Mukhopadhyay, S.

X-ray diffractogram of whole-rock serpentinite (Ctl, chrysotile; Lz, lizardite). D spacing of Lizardite 1T, Lizardite aluminous, 2 M clinochrysotile and orthochrysotile mentioned within the parenthesis

45

A special core liner for sub-sampling of aqueous sediments

Glass and mineral chemistry of northern central Indian ridge basalts: Compositional diversity and petrogenetic significance

Valsangkar, A.B.

Ray, Dwijesh; Banerjee, R.; Iyer, S.D.; Basavalingu, B.; Mukhopadhyay, S.

A portable and reusable special core liner (spcl) has been developed to accomplish real-time sub-sampling of aqueous sediments. Besides being revolutionary, inexpensive and user-friendly, the spcl is capable of collecting undisturbed sediment sub-sections. The spcl also facilitates rapid sub-sampling of sediments onboard with remote possibility of core shortening, sample outflow, contamination or mixing. The proposed method of sub-sampling by spcl saves time, money and manpower, without inducing changes in the physical and biogeochemical properties of the sediments.

The glass and mineral chemistry of basalts examined from the northern central Indian ridge (NCIR) provides an insight into magma genesis around the vicinity of two transform faults: Vityaz (VT) and Vema (VM). The studied mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from the outer ridge flank (VT area) and a near-ridge seamount (VM area) reveal that they are moderately phyric plagioclase basalts composed of plagioclase (phenocryst [An ] and 60-90

groundmass [An ]), olivine (Fo 35-79 81-

), diopside (Wo ), En ), Fs 88 45-51 25-37 14-

), and titanomagnetite (FeO ) ~ 24 t

63.5 wt% and Ti0 ) ~ 22.69 wt%). 2

The whole-rock composition of these basalts has similar Mg [mole

2+Mg/mole(Mg+Fe )] (VT basalt: ~ 0.56-0.58; VM basalt: ~ 0.57), but differ in their total alkali content (VT basalt: ~ 2.65; VM basalt: ~ 3.24). The bulk composition of the magma was gradually depleted in MgO and enriched in FeO , Ti0 ,t 2

P O , and Na 0 with progressive 2 5 2

fractionation, the basalts were gradually enriched in Y and Zr and depleted in Ni and Cr. In addition, the ΣREE of magma also increased with fractionation, without any change in the (La/ Yb) value. N

Glass from the VM seamount shows more fractionated characters (Mg#: 0.56-0.57) compared to the outer ridge flank lava of the VT area (Mg#: 0.63-0.65). This study concludes that present basalts experienced low-pressure crystallization at a relatively shallow depth. The geochemical changes in the NCIR magmas resulted from fractional crystallization at a shallow depth. As a consequence, spinel was the first mineral to crystallize at a pressure >10 kbar, followed by Fe-rich olivine at <10 kbar pressure.

Mylonitic gabbro and altered gabbro were recovered from off-axis high and corner high locations at ridge-transform intersection,

Hydrothermal alteration studies of gabbros from northern central Indian ridge and their geodynamic implicationsRay, Dwijesh; Mevel, C.; Banerjee, R.

adjacent to Vityaz transform fault of the slow spreading (32-35 mm/yr, full spreading) Northern Central Indian Ridge. Both the varieties show signatures of extensive alteration caused due to interaction with sea water. Mylonitic gabbro represents high temperature metamorphism (~ 700-800ºC) and comprised of hornblende mineral which exhibits well defined foliation/gneissic appearance along with dynamically recrystallised plagioclasegrains frequently intercalated with magnetite-ilmenite. Altered gabbro from corner high generally includes low temperature greenschist grade (~ 300ºC) mineralogical assemblages: chlorite, albite, quartz and locally magnesio hornblende. Crystal plastic deformation resulted in mylonite formation and often porphyroclasts of plagioclase and clinopyroxene grains, while altered gabbro locally exhibits cataclastic texture. Presence of Vityaz transform fault and adjacent megamullion at the weakly magmatic ridge-transform intersection and off-axis high locations prompted the present scenario very much conducive for hydrothermal circulation and further facilitate the exhumation of present suite of gabbro.

46

A survey of perfluorinated compounds in surface water and biota including dolphins from the Ganges River and in other waterbodies in IndiaYeung, L.W.Y.; Yamashita, N.; Taniyasu, S.; Lam, P.K.S.; Sinha, R.K.; Borole, D.V.;Kannan, K.

Despite the reports of the occurrence of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in industrialized nations, information on PFCs in less industrialized countries is meager. In this study, concentrations and profiles of PFCs were investigated in surface waters (rivers, lakes, coastal seas and untreated sewage; n = 42) including the Ganges River water, and biota such as shrimp (n= 2), fish (n = 28), and Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica;n = 15). PFOS was the dominant PFC found in most of the samples analyzed including water samples except untreated sewage (water:

Integrated studies to understand the behaviour of the geobiological environs in deciphering gas hydrate occurrencealong the Indian continental margins

Evidence of paleo–cold seep associated activities inferred from the analysis of asediment core in the Krishna-Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal, where 128m thick ofgas hydrate formation was discovered. The presence of Calyptogena clam shells,chimneys, shell breccias suggests seepage of methane and sulfide-bearing fluid tothe seafloor in the past. The observed carbonate deposition might have resulted fromthe flow of methane-enriched fluids through the fracture network. Geophysical andgeochemical surveys off Goa revealed shallow gas charged sediments. The observedand extrapolated sulfate methane transition zone lies between 0.7 and 2.25 m belowthe seabed and it is related to the depth of the gas front. Depleted carbon isotoperatios suggest a microbial origin for the methane. High sulfate reduction rate, highconcentrations of pore water methane, phosphate and ammonium suggest anenhanced availability of reactive organic matter required for microbially mediatedbiodegradation processes.

Analysis of newly acquired marine magnetic data, constrained by satellite andshipborne free air gravity anomalies, in the corridor between the 86?E fracture zone(FZ) and Ninetyeast Ridge, north of the equator reveals the evolutionary history of theLate Cretaceous crust under complex tectonic settings. The interpretation of magneticanomalies suggests the presence of fossil spreading ridge segments and extraoceanic crust on the Indian plate that has been transferred from the Antarctica plateby discrete southward ridge jumps.

Concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and13 18hydrogen, and the stable carbon (δ C) and oxygen ( O) isotopic composition of CO2

from Cabo de Rama (CRI), India and the chemistry-transport model provide critical guidance in optimizing the fluxes to constrain the regional source/ sinks balances. Overall, concentrations of Preflourinated Compounds (PFC) of water and biologicalsamples from India are lower than the concentrations reported for other countries.The flux estimates for PFOS, PFOA and PFNA from the Ganges River to the Bay ofBengal were in the range of several hundreds of kilograms per year.

δ

-1<0.04–3.91 ng L ; biota: -10.248–27.9 ng g ww). Long-chain

(C11–C18) perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) were not detected in the

-1water samples (<0.2 ng L ),-1although PFDA (0.061–0.923 ng g

ww) and PFUnDA (0.072–0.998 -1ng g ww) were found in biological

samples. The arithmetic mean PFOS concentration found in the liver of Ganges River dolphin was

-127.9 ng g ww. Bioconcentration and biomagnifications factors of PFCs were estimated in the Ganges River basin food web. The highest

-1concentration of PFOA, 23.1 ng L ,was found in untreated sewage samples. Overall, concentrations of PFCs of water and biological samples from India are lower than the concentrations reported for other countries so far. PFC profiles in Indian waters are dominated by PFOS, followed by PFOA, which is different from the pattern reported for other countries such as Korea,

Japan and USA, where PFOA was the predominant compound in waters. The flux estimates for PFOS, PFOA and PFNA from the Ganges River in India to the Bay of Bengal were in the range of several hundreds of kilograms per year.

Analysis of 3100 km of newly acquired marine magnetic data, constrained by satellite and ship borne free air gravity anomalies, in the corridor between the 86ºE fracture zone (FZ) and Ninetyeast Ridge, north of the equator reveals the evolutionary history of the Late Cretaceous crust characterized by

Evolution of the Late Cretaceous crust in the equatorial region of the Northern Indian Ocean and its implication in understanding the plate kinematicsDesa, M.; Ramana, M.V.; Ramprasad, T.

47

Borole, D.V.

Dewangan, P.

Gonsalves, M.J.B.D.

Joao, M.H.D.M.

Kocherla, M.

Mazumdar, A.

Ramana, M.V.

Ramprasad, T.

anomaly 34 through 31 (83.5–68.7Ma) under complex tectonic settings. Seafloor spreading model studies suggest that the crust, particularly between the chrons 33R and 33 (79.0–73.6 Ma), was formed with variable and slightly higher half-spreading rates

- 1(4.8–7.1 cm yr than the crust of similar age either in the regions west of 86ºE FZ or east of the Ninetyeast Ridge or the Southern Crozet Basin. Further, the interpretation of magnetic anomalies suggests the presence of fossil spreading ridge segments and extra oceanic crust on the Indian plate that has been transferred from the Antarctica plate by discrete southward ridge jumps. These ridge jumps are caused by thermal instability of the spreading centre as the Indian plate moved northward over the Kerguelen mantle plume. The present study indicates that the spreading ridge–plume interaction is the prime mechanism for these ridge jumps, which have occurred since 75.8 Ma. The newly identified magnetic anomalies 34 through 31 and the inferred ~ N3ºE trending FZs refined the plate reconstruction models for that period.

Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ), carbon 2 4

monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N O)2

and hydrogen (H ), and the stable 213carbon ( δC- CO ) and oxygen 2

18( δO - CO ) isotopic composition of 2

CO have been measured in air 2

samples collected from Cabo de Rama (CRI), India, for the period 1993–2002. The observations show clear signatures of Northern and Southern Hemispheric (NH and SH) air masses, mixed with their regional fluxes and chemical loss mechanisms, resulting in complex seasonal variation of these gases. The CRI measurements are compared with remote marine sites

Trace gases and CO isotope 2

records from Cabo de Rama, IndiaBhattacharya, S.K.; Borole, D.V.; Francey,R.J.; Allison, C.E.; Steele, L.P.; Krummel, P.; Langenfelds, R.; Masarie, K.A.; Tiwari,Y.K.; Patra, P.K.

at Seychelles and Mauna Loa. Simulations of two major anthropogenic greenhouse gases (CO and CH ) concentrations using 2 4

a chemistry-transport model for the CRI site suggest that globally optimized fluxes can produce results comparable to the observations. We discuss that CRI observations have provided critical guidance in optimizing the fluxes to constrain the regional source/ sinks balance.

Evidence of paleo–cold seep associated activities, preserved in methane-derived carbonates in association with chemosynthetic clams (Calyptogena sp.) from a sediment core in the Krishna-Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal is reported. Visual observations and calculations based on high-resolution wet bulk density profile of a core collected on board R/V Marion Dufresne (May 2007) showed zones of sharp increase in carbonate content (10–55 vol %) within 16–20 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The presence of Calyptogena clam shells, chimneys, shell breccias with high Mg calcite cement, and pyrite within this zone suggest seepage of methane and sulfide-bearing fluid to the seafloor in the past. Highly depleted carbon isotopic values (δ C ranges from -41 to –52 ppt VPDB) from these carbonates indicate carbon derived via anaerobic oxidation of methane. Extrapolated mean calendar age (~ 58.7 ka B.P.) of the clastic sediments at a depth of 16 mbsf is close to the upper limit of the U-Th based depositional age (46.2 ±3.7 and 53.0 ±1.6 ka) of authigenic carbonates sampled from this level, thereby constraining the younger age limit of the carbonate deposition/methane expulsion events. The observed carbonate deposition might have resulted

Evidence of paleo–cold seep activity from the Bay of Bengal, offshore IndiaMazumdar, A.; Dewangan, P.; Joao, H.M.; Peketi, A.; Khosla, V.R.; Kocherla, M.; Badesab, F.K.; Joshi, R.K.; Roxanne, P.;Ramamurty, P.B.; Karisiddaiah, S.M.; Patil, D.J.; Dayal, A.M.; Ramprasad, T.;Hawkesworth, C.J.; Avanzinelli, R.

13

from the flow of methane-enriched fluids through the fracture network formed because of shale diapirism.

Geophysical and geochemical surveys were carried out off Goa, central west coast of India, to understand the genesis and distribution of shallow gases in marine sediments. Shallow gas charged sediments within the water depths of ~ 15 to 40 m are reported all along the west coast and are characterized by gas masking, high amplitude and

Shallow gas charged sediments off the Indian west coast: Genesis and distribution Mazumdar, A.; Peketi, A.; Dewangan, P.;Badesab, F.K.; Ramprasad, T.; Ramana, M.V.; Patil, D.J.; Dayal, A.M.

Composition of pore fluids and carbonate content in the sediment

48

reverse polarity reflections in high resolution seismic (sparker) data, attributed to the presence of free gas. These high amplitude

Vertical profiles of pore water total alkalinity, sulfate and methane concentrations in the sediment cores. Dash–dot line indicates the location of the sulfate methane interface (SMTZ)

reflections (gas front) are observed within a Holocene fine grained, wedge shaped sediment package overlying the maximum flooding

surface. The gas front lies between 1.2 and 5 m below the seabed and demarcates the transition from gas in the dissolved phase to bubble phase when the gas concentration exceeds the saturation level. The observed and extrapolated sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) lies between 0.7 and 2.25 m below the seabed and it is related to the depth of the gas front. Methane concentration reaches saturation below the SMTZ, and produces a bubble phase which lowers the p-wave velocity and produces high amplitude reflection observed in the seismic data. Depleted carbon isotope ratios as low as -88.9 ppt suggest a microbial origin for the methane in the study area. High sulfate reduction rate, high concentrations of pore water methane, phosphate and ammonium in the shallowest site (Sasu123/1 at 14.7 m water depth) suggest an enhanced availability of reactive organic matter required for microbialy mediated biodegradation processes. High gas flux in the shallow waters is also indicated by the shallowing of the gas front and the widening of the gas masked zone towards shore. The present investigations do not testify the origin of Holocene shallow gases either from buried channel deposits or the Pleistocene sediments.

49

Reconciling plate kinematic and seismic estimates of lithospheric convergence in the central Indian OceanBull, J.M.; DeMets, C.; Krishna, K.S.; Sanderson, D.J.; Merkouriev, S.

The far-field signature of the India-Asia collision and history of uplift

Deciphering deep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolution of the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins

Geophysical investigations on continental margins of India and adjoining regionshave revealed some important new insights for better understanding of thegeological processes of the regions.

India-Capricorn convergence is estimated from plate rotations and observations fromseismic data. The results suggest that convergence began between 18 and 14 Ma,consistent with seismic evidence for an onset of deformation at 15.4 - 13.9 Ma. Theyfurther show that convergence rates doubled at 8 Ma, in agreement with a sharpincrease in fault activity at 8 Ma seen on seismic data.

Magnetic anomaly feature in Krishna-Godavari Basin is explained by a buriedstructural high formed by volcanism. The feature is also associated with a distinctgravity anomaly and attributed to a flexure at the Moho boundary.

Magnetic anomaly studies of Gop Basin in the Arabian Sea revealed the oceanicnature of crust beneath the basin and the Palitana Ridge as the extinct spreadingcentre. This implies the early opening off western India – Pakistan margin eitherbetween ages ~69.3 - 56.4 Ma or between ~64.8 - 56.4 Ma.

in Tibet are recorded by sediment input into the Indian Ocean and the strain accumulation history across the diffuse plate boundary between the Indian and Capricorn plates. Described here is the history of India-Capricorn convergence from updated

estimates of India-Somalia-Capricorn plate rotations and observations derived from seismic reflection data. New India-Capricorn plate rotations for the past 20 m.y. are consistent with slow north-south convergence from 18 Ma about a stationary or nearly stationary pole near the eastern edge of the Chagos-Laccadive ridge, simpler than predicted by previous models based on many fewer data. The new rotations suggest that convergence began between 18 and 14 Ma, consistent with marine seismic evidence for an onset of deformation at 15.4- 13.9 Ma. They further show that convergence rates doubled at 8 Ma, in agreement with a sharp increase in fault activity at 8-7.5 Ma seen on seismic reflection profiles. A discrepancy between the total strain estimated from kinematic and seismic reflection data can be reconciled if pervasive reverse faulting within the diffuse plate boundary is accompanied by block rotations of 1º-3º.

Very high-resolution database generated from Seasat, Geosat GM,

Utilization of high resolution satellite geoid data for estimation of lithospheric thickness in the Bay of BengalMajumdar, T.J.; Bhattacharyya, R.; Chatterjee, S.; Krishna, K.S.

Location map of study area. Red circles show shallow earthquakes from 1963 to 2008, all magnitudes, from U.S. National Earthquake Information Center database. Red lines show locations of seismic profi les described in text. Solid blue star and circle show 8–0 Ma and 20–8 Ma Capricorn-India pole locations for this study,respectively. White star and circle labeled D05 show Capricorn-India 8–0 Ma and 20–8 Ma poles from DeMets et al. (2005). Ellipses show two-dimensional, 1ó uncertainties. Inset shows extent of major plates and diffuse plate boundaries (stripes); CP—Capricorn; IN—India; SM—Somalia; AU—Australia

50

Krishna, K.S.

Upper-India-Capricorn finite rotation angles for best-fitting poles from Anomaly 1n (0.781 Myr) to 6n (19.722 Myr) (supplementary Table 3) and for 0-20 Ma fixed pole at 3.8ºES, 74.7ºE. Fixed-pole angles are procedurally limited to magnetic reversals for which identical crossing points were used to reconstruct the Capricorn-Somalia (DeMets et al. 2005) and India-Somalia (Merkouriev and DeMets, 2006) plate positions. Lower-Predicted N-S shortening component across India-Capricorn plate boundary, 0-20 Ma. Shortening is predicted at 3.5ºES at the longitudes of four seismic profiles that are shown in Fig.1. Filled and open symbols are derived respectively from fixed-ploe and best-fitting India-Capricorn rotations. Standard errors are propagated from the rotation covariances. Lines show best least-sqares fits for 19.8 Ma to 16.0 Ma (dotted), 16.0 Ma to 7.5 Ma (dashed); and 7.5 Ma to the present (solid)

51

ERS-1 and TOPEX/ POSEIDON altimeters data of the northern Indian Ocean has been used for the first time for preparation of geoid and free-air gravity maps. In the present work, geoid height anomalies have been analyzed across the Ninetyeast and 85ºE Ridges within the Bay of Bengal. Present data sets are more accurate and detailed (off-track resolution: about 3.33 km and grid size: about 3.5 km). Observed geoid height - age and geoid height derivative (with respect to age) - age relationships have been established and compared with the plate model of lithospheric cooling to determine. The present endeavor is to determine the lithospheric plate thickness beneath both ridge structures. Attempts have been made to match the observed value with the computed value over the Bay of Bengal. The lithospheric plate cooling model correlates convincingly with the observed value. It has shown the efficacy of

a plate model according to which geoid observations of the Bay of Bengal are better explained by a larger plate thickness of 90 - 125 km for the oceanic crust of age older than 30 Ma.

The marine magnetic data acquired from offshore Krishna-Godavari (K-G) basin, eastern continental margin of India (ECMI), brought out a prominent NE-SW trending feature, which could be explained by a buried structural high formed by volcanic activity. The magnetic anomaly feature is also associated with a distinct negative gravity anomaly similar to the one associated with 85ºE Ridge. The gravity low could be attributed to a

Magnetic anomalies of offshore Krishna-Godavari basin, eastern continental margin of IndiaSwamy, K.V.; Murthy, I.V.R.; Krishna, K.S.; Murthy, K.S.R.; Subrahmanyam, A.S.; Rao, M.M.M.

flexure at the Moho boundary, which could in turn be filled with the volcanic material. Inversion of the magnetic and gravity anomalies was also carried out to establish the similarity of anomalies of the two geological features (structural high on the margin and the 85ºE Ridge) and their interpretations. In both cases, the magnetic anomalies were caused dominantly by the magnetization contrast between the volcanic material and the surrounding oceanic crust, whereas the low gravity anomalies are by the flexures of the order of 3-4 km at Moho boundary beneath them. The analysis suggests that both structural high present in offshore Krishna-Godavari basin and the 85ºE Ridge have been emplaced on relatively older oceanic crust by a common volcanic process, but at discrete times, and that several of the gravity lows in the Bay of Bengal can be attributed to flexures on the Moho, each created due to the load of volcanic material.

The Deccan Traps, one of the best known examples of rapid flood basalt, are considered as marking of the inception of a mantle plume on the Indian continental lithosphere. Their emplacement may be associated with the continental break-up of India and the Seychelles block and later formation of a new spreading centre, the Carlsberg Ridge, while spreading progressively ceased in the Mascarene Basin. Whether rifting, continental break-up, and seafloor spreading predated or were the consequence of the Deccan Traps emplacement is still a matter of debate. This issue is further complicated by the presence of a continental sliver, the Laxmi Ridge, and large basins lying landward of the Laxmi Ridge, such as the Laxmi and Gop basins, where nature of the crust is still ambiguous. The present study attempts to decipher the tectonic

Early oceanic opening off Western India-Pakistan margin: The Gop Basin revisitedYatheesh, V.; Bhattacharya, G.C.; Dyment, J.

52

(a) Generalized map of the Gop Basin and the adjoining regions showing major tectonic elements; (b) Two possible interpretations of magnetic anomalies in the Gop Basin, where Model A corresponds to anomaly sequence A25r–A31r and Model B to anomaly sequence A25r–A29r

setting and the imprints of plume-ridge interaction in the Gop Basin, where the crust has been interpreted as either volcanic-intruded thinned continental crust or oceanic crust formed by a now-extinct spreading centre. Based on interpretation of an updated compilation of marine geophysical data, the present study supports the oceanic nature of the crust underlying the Gop Basin and proposes the Palitana Ridge as the extinct spreading centre in this region. The prominent but short sequence of fairly linear magnetic anomalies in the Gop Basin does not allow a unique identification; it can be reasonably explained either as A31r-A25r (~ 69.3-56.4 Ma) or as A29r-A25r (~ 64.8-56.4 Ma) sequence. The variations of the spreading rates assumed by both these models suggest that spreading in the Gop Basin significantly slowed around 65 Ma, contemporaneous with the magmatic outburst of the Reunion plume on the adjacent western Indian mainland. Subsequently, the Gop Basin spreading centre was waning whereas a new spreading centre was developing further south, close to the (relatively) southward migrating plume. In this last stage, the Gop Basin spreading centre was associated with an abundant magmatism, probably supplied from the plume region.

The nature and distribution of particulate matter in the Mandovi Estuary, central west coast of IndiaKessarkar, P.M.; Rao, V.P.; Shynu, R.; Mehra, P.; Viegas, B.E.

Systematic seasonal variations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) along a 44-km transect of the Mandovi estuary reveal that the concentrations of SPM are low at river-end stations, increase generally seaward, and are highest at sea-end stations of the estuary. An estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) occurs at sea-end stations during June-September when river discharge is high and also in February-May when river discharge is low. These are the two windiest times of year, the former associated with the southwest monsoon and the latter characterized by a persistent sea breeze. The salinity vs. SPM plot shows that high SPM is a seaward deposit and skewed landward. Suspended matter comprised of floccules, fecal pellets, and aggregates that consist of clay and biogenic particles occur everywhere in the estuary. Diatoms are the most common and are of marine type at the sea-end and freshwater dominated at river-end stations of the estuary. SPM is characterized by kaolinite- and smectite-rich clay mineral suites at the river- and sea-end stations, respectively.

Biominerals from the continental margins and conditions fortheir formation

Major investigations during this year are on the suspended matter in the Mandovi estuary and bottom water conditions in the Arabian Sea using geochemistry.Turbidity maxima in estuaries are important due to their influence on primaryproduction, pollutant flushing, fish migration and dredging. Systematic studies onthe suspended particulate matter in the Mandovi estuary indicated the occurrence ofestuarine turbidity maximum in two windiest seasons (pre-monsoon and monsoon)of the year and the role of wind-driven waves and currents and bio-geochemicalprocesses in its formation. The concentrations of redox-sensitive elements in asediment core from the eastern Arabian Sea indicated several intervals ofoxygenated and sub-oxic bottom water conditions during the last 140 k yrs. Itappears that the sediments in this region never contained free H S during this period.2

A critical assessment of processes on the formation of ferromanganese nodules fromthe Central Indian Ocean has achieved to identify essential requirements for theformation of these nodules. Acoustic characterization of seafloor sediment in thewestern continental shelf of India was achieved using the echo features extractedfrom normal incidence single-beam echo sounder backscatter returns at 33 and 210kHz.

Scanning electron microscope photographs of SPM from river-end stations (a–d) and from stations 5, 6, and 6a (e–h). (a–d) Floccules and aggregates together with centric and pennate diatoms. (e) Fecal pellets and centric diatoms, (f) high magnification photo of fecal pellet, (g) aggregate with microbial filaments (top right); (h) floccules adhered to marine diatoms

53

Chakraborty, B.

Karisiddaiah,S.M.

Kessarkar, P.

Menezes, A.A.

Mukhopadhyay, R.

Pattan, J.N.

Rao, V.P.Saran, A.K.

Smectite concentrations increase seawards with the increase in SPM content and are not influenced by salinity. Wind driven waves and currents and biogeochemical processes at the mouth of estuary likely play an important role in the formation of ETM in resuspension and transformation of SPM into floccules and aggregates and in their upkeep or removal.

Seafloor sediment is characterizedacoustically in the westerncontinental shelf of India using theecho features extracted from normalincidence single-beam echo sounderbackscatter returns at 33 and 210kHz. The seafloor sedimentcharacterization mainly depends ontwo important parameters: thenumber of sediment classesprevailing in the area and theselection of features having mostprominent discriminatingcharacteristics. In this letter, amethod is proposed usingKohonen's self-organizing map toestimate the maximum possiblenumber of classes present in a givendata set, where no a prioriknowledge on sediment classes isavailable. Applicability of thismethod at any site is illustratedwith simulated data. In addition,another method is proposed toselect the three most discriminatingecho features using a fuzzyalgorithm. The comparison of theresults with ground truth at twooperating frequencies revealed thatthis hybrid method could beefficiently used for sedimentclassification, without any a prioriinformation and applicable for awide range of frequencies.

Systematic studies on the suspendedparticulate matter (SPM) measured

Acoustic characterization of seafloor sediment employing a hybrid method of neural network architecture and fuzzy algorithm

Wind-driven estuarine turbidity maxima in Mandovi Estuary, central west coast of India

De, C.; Chakraborty, B.

Kessarkar, P.M.; Rao, V.P.; Shynu, R.; Mir,I.A.; Mehra, P.; Michael, G.S.; Sundar, D.

on a seasonal cycle in the MandoviEstuary, Goa indicate that theaverage concentrations of SPM at theregular station are ~ 20mg/l, 5mg/l,19mg/l and 5mg/l for June-September, October-January,February-April and May, respectively.SPM exhibits low-to-moderatecorrelation with rainfall indicatingthat SPM is also influenced by otherprocesses. Transect stations revealthat the SPM at sea-end stations ofthe estuary are at least two orders ofmagnitude greater than those at theriver-end during the monsoon.Estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM)of nearly similar magnitude occurs atthe same location in two periods,interrupted by a period with very lowSPM concentrations. The ETMoccurring in June-September isassociated with low salinities; itsformation is attributed to theinteractions between strong

-1southwesterly winds (5.1-5.6ms )and wind-induced waves and tidalcurrents and, dominant easterly riverflow at the mouth of the estuary. TheETM occurring in February-April isassociated with high salinity and is

conspicuous. The strong NW and SW-1winds (3.2-3.7ms ) and wind-driven

waves and currents seem to haveacted effectively at the mouth of theestuary in developing turbiditymaximum. The impact of sea breezeappears nearly same as that of tradewinds and cannot be underestimatedin sediment resuspension anddeposition.

The ferromanganese noduleresources of the Indian Ocean NoduleField (IONF) are second only in theworld in terms of metal content andabundance. Since it was madeknown by Mero (1965) that severaltrillion tonnes of manganese noduleslay in the world oceans, extensiveexploration for nodules has beenundertaken during the last fourdecades. The possibility of harvestingan inexhaustible supply of nodulesfrom oceans has resulted informulation of several national andinternational programs. India started

Dynamics of formation of ferromanganese nodules in the Indian OceanMukhopadhyay, R.; Ghosh, A.K.

A plot showing concentrations of SPM at the regular station (right) and wind speed and direction in 24 h (left) on the day of sample collection. Star on the wind plot indicates time of sample collection on that day

54

Down-core variations of OC/Al, Cd/Al, Mo/Al, U/Al and U/Sc in core SK 148/4. Small vertical dashed line is the Al-normalized ratio of the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)

55

her search for ferromanganesenodules in 1982. The investigationshave resulted in a comprehensiveassessment of manganese noduleresources at the ocean-level, and oninter-basin model for nodule growth,albeit with several inaccuracies.Some of the essential requirementsfor the formation of nodules includethe availability of nucleatingmaterials, presence of metals in watercolumn and sediment, favourabletectonic and physiographic features,helpful acoustically transparentsediment-water interface, low rate ofsedimentation, presence of nutrient-rich bottom water mass and anoxidizing environment. An integratedassessment of process of formation offerromanganese nodules from theIONF, which are variable even onscale of metres is presented. Thisassessment has helped to evaluatethe metal potential of these nodulesmore realistically, and the modelshould bring about a predictiveestimate of other nodule-bearingareas in the world oceans.

The concentrations of multipleredox-sensitive elements such asRe, U, Mo, Cd, V, Sb, and Tl weredetermined in sediments from thesoutheastern Arabian Sea (9º21’ N:71º59’ E) to understand the bottomwater oxygenation historythroughout the past 140 ka. Theenrichment of redox-sensitiveelements (Re, U, Cd and Sb) aboveaverage crustal abundancessuggests that the Last GlacialMaxima (17.48 ka), stadials ofMarine Isotope Stage (MIS)-5 (5band 5d) and Glacial Termination(GT)-II (133 ka) were associated withsuboxic bottom water conditions.Sediments deposited during thesesuboxic conditions show the highestRe content (up to 54 ppb normalizedto a carbonate free basis) which ishighly enriched over averagecontinental crust (0.4 ppb) andthese sediments appear to be themajor sink for the global massbalance estimation. Marine Isotope

Bottom water oxygenation history in southeastern Arabian Sea during the past 140 ka: Results from redox-sensitive elementsPattan, J.N.; Pearce, N.J.G.

Stages 1, 3, 4 and interstitials ofMIS-5 (5a, 5c & 5e) were allassociated with near-oxicconditions. Overall, the lack ofenrichment of Mo and V abovecrustal abundance, and a highRe/Mo (ppm/ppm) ratio (avg. 18.2 x

-310 suggest that sediments of thesoutheastern Arabian Sea nevercontained free H S during the last2

140 ka. These changes in thebottom water oxygen content can berelated to the oceanic circulationpattern during this time and in partare reflected in relationshipsbetween the timing of redox changesand paleoproductivity proxies.

Geochemical and rock-magneticinvestigations were carried out on asediment core collected from the SEArabian Sea at 1420 m depth inoxygenated waters below the present-day oxygen minimum zone. The top250 cm of the core sediments

18represent the last 35 kaBP. The δ Ovalues of Globigerinoides ruber areheaviest during the Last GlacialMaximum (LGM) and appearunaffected by low-saline waterstransported from the Bay of Bengalby the strong northeast monsoon and

Paleoclimatic and diagenetic history of the Late Quaternary sediments in a core from the southeastern Arabian Sea: Geochemical and magnetic signalsRao, V.P.; Kessarkar, P.M.; Thamban, M.; Patil, S.K.

West Indian coastal current. Thesignatures of Bolling-Allerod andYounger Dryas events are distinct inthe records of magnetic susceptibility,

18organic carbon (OC) and δ O. Glacialsediments show higher OC, CaCO ,3

Ba, Mo, U and Cd, while the early-to-late Holocene sediments showincreasing concentrations of OC,CaCO , Ba, Cu, Ni and Zn and3

decreasing concentrations of Mo, Uand Cd. Productivity induced low-oxygenated bottom waters andreducing sedimentary conditionsduring glaciation, and productivityand oxygenated bottom waters in theHolocene are responsible for theirvariation. The core exhibits differentstages of diagenesis at differentsediment intervals. The occurrence offine-grained, low-coercivity,ferrimagnetic mineral during glacialperiods is indicative of its formationin organic-rich, anoxic sediments,which may be analogous to thediagenetic magnetic enhancementknown in sapropels of theMediterranean Sea and Japan Sea.The glacial sediments exhibitingreductive diagenesis with anoxicsedimentary environment in this corecorrespond to reductive diagenesisand intermittent bioturbation(oxygenation) reported in anothercore in the vicinity. This suggests thatthe poorly oxygenated bottom waterconditions during glacial timesshould not be generalized, but areinfluenced locally by productivity,sedimentation rates and sedimentreworking.

Changes in the chemistry of tropical Indian Ocean deep water during the lastinterglacial were driven by increased surface productivity, rather than shiftingdeepwater circulation, according to a recent geochemical analysis of marinesediments. In this study the authors have combined measurements of neodymiumisotopes in marine sediments and stable carbon isotopes of the shells of bottomdwelling foraminifera to tease apart the influences of productivity and water sourceon Indian Ocean deepwater chemistry over the past 150,000 years. The neodymiumisotope ratios suggest that the water masses that bathed the site during both theHolocene and the most recent interglacial period came from a similar source.However, the carbon isotopes indicate differing amounts of nutrients in the deepwaters, which can sometimes be an indicator of different water masses. The teamconcludes that, instead, the higher nutrient concentrations during the lastinterglacial were driven by increased surface productivity and higher transport oforganic matter from the surface to the deep ocean.

Indian Ocean circulation and productivity during the last glacial cyclePiotrowski, A.M.; Banakar, V.K.; Scrivner,A.E.; Elderfield, H.; Galy, A.; Dennis, A.

The Indian Ocean is an important part of the global thermohaline circulation system, receiving deep waters sourced from the Southern Ocean and being the location of upwelling and surface-ocean current flow which returns warm and salty waters to the Atlantic. It is also an ideal location to reconstruct the link between thermohaline circulation and deep-water nutrient contents. No mixing

Seamount ferromanganese crusts in northern Indian Ocean: Genesis, paleoceanography, and resource potential

occurs between major deep-water masses along flow paths within the Indian Ocean, so changes in water-mass provenance reflect changes in deep-ocean circulation while nutrient contents reflect addition and dissolution of organic matter. Neodymium (Nd) and carbon (C) isotope records from an equatorial Indian Ocean core (SK129-CR2) spanning the last 150 kyr are presented. The Nd isotope record shows that an increased proportion of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) reached the Indian Ocean during interglacials (Marine Isotope

Nd isotopes from Fe–Mn oxide leachates (red) compared to epifaunal benthic foraminifera 13Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi δ C (blue) and thermocline temperature from planktonic foraminifera

Globigerinoides sacculifer (without the terminal sac), picked from the (250–350 µm) fraction. Thermocline temperature change during MIS 5 is denoted with the yellowbanding

Stages; MIS 1 and 5), and a reduced proportion during glacials (MIS 2, 4, and 6), and also that changes occurred during MIS 3. The magnitude and timing of deglacial and some MIS 3 variability is very similar to those in the RC11-83/TNO57-21 South Atlantic deep Cape Basin Nd isotope record. Since the deep Cape Basin is oceanographically upstream of the Indian Ocean from a deep water circulation perspective, the Nd isotopes suggest that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation changes were effectively propagated from the southeastern Atlantic into the central Indian Ocean via the Southern Ocean. Comparison of the Nd and C isotope records shows that deep-ocean circulation was decoupled from nutrient-content changes on glacial-interglacial timescales, in particular suggesting higher productivity during MIS 5. Increased equatorial productivity during MIS 5 is supported by benthic infaunal-epifaunal

13foraminiferal δ C gradients, as 13well as benthic foraminiferal δ C

gradients along deep-water flow. Concurrent warming indicated by planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca during MIS 5 at the site is consistent with changing thermocline temperature and may indicate a link to surface-ocean hydrographic changes.

56

Banakar, V.K.

Analysis of timber and coating material on an iron anchor recovered off Aguada Bay, GoaTripati, S.; Rao, B.R.; Shashikala, S.; Rao, R.V.; Khedekar, V.D.

Distinct developments have been observed in the evolution of stone and iron anchors. A wide variety of stone anchors have been reported from Indian waters, preceding the introduction of iron anchors by the Europeans. Recently, an Admiralty Long Shanked iron anchor measuring 3.30m long with a 4.37m wooden stock was recovered off Aguada Bay, Goa at a water depth of 11 m. The anchor has

Application of geological and geophysical methods in marine archaeology and underwater explorations

been tentatively dated contemporary with the maritime history of Goa and Portugal between the 16th and 17th centuries. A thin and uniform coat of finely ground material has been noticed on the surface of the anchor and wooden stock, applied for the endurance of the anchor and the stock in tropical waters. The upper portion of the wooden stock was slightly weathered by the wood borers and a deposit of bivalves and growth of barnacles were also noticed on the flukes of the anchor. The anatomical analysis of timber revealed that Terminalia spp. and Phoebe spp. timber were used for making the

Recovered iron anchor with wooden stock

stock. Wood, other than teak, such as Terminalia and Phoebe were also used during the 16th and 17th centuries for anchor stocks because of their weight and endurance. This study is focused mainly on the anatomical analysis of timber to understand the timber species used in making the wooden stock of the anchor and its probable provenance. In addition, a Scanning Electron Microscope and an Energy Dispersive Spectrum analysis of the thin coat on the iron anchor as well of the wooden stock was done to infer the chemical composition of the fine powdered material applied.

India's long coastline provides multitudinous opportunities for maritimearchaeological study of ports and offshore shipwrecks in depths. The present studyinvolves botanical techniques to identify timber used for making the stock of anchorand its province. Also SEM and EDS techniques were deployed for analyzing coatingmaterial to find how iron was prevented from deterioration.

57

Vora, K.H.

Estuaries and their tributaries have a role to play towards coastal water quality. It istherefore important to study their physicochemical characteristics vis a vis those ofcoastal waters. In one such studies, observations were carried out in Devi estuary, atributary of Mahanadi riverine system. Results of principal axis factoring and alphafactoring of the data obtained, indicated addition of phosphates and silicates to thecoastal waters both during winter and summer. The anthropogenic nitrogenousspecies, as a fall out from modernization activities in the north, are more clearlyobserved off the mouth of the Devi estuary during the winter season. The studyindicated that the Devi estuary adds sufficiently well-oxygenated, nutrient-richwater to the coastal waters.

Geochemical characterization of major and trace elements in the coastal sedimentsoff the Indian major river mouths have indicated metal enrichments in sedimentsclose to the major urban areas in the east and west coasts associated with industrialactivities.

Genotoxic responses towards chronic exposure of diatoms Chaetoceros tenuissimusand Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleumhydrocarbons (WAF-P) were evaluated as biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbonspollution. Considering the degree of sensitivity to petroleum products and goodgrowth under laboratory conditions, these two diatoms could be recommended asmodel species for evaluating ecogenotoxic effects of wide range of petroleumhydrocarbon pollutants using alkaline unwinding assays.

In another study, relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metalconcentrations (Fe, Cu, Cr and Ni) showed a strong positive correlation in the eastcoast sediments, much less so in the case of the west coast. The results also suggestthat the simple, rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurement can be used todetect heavy metal contamination and proxies for the measurement of heavy metalscontent in the coastal environment.

Toxicity of organic compounds in aquatic system may be intensified by presence ofcertain inorganic species such as nitrite. In order to evaluate the effect ofphenanthrene (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in the presence and

-absence of NO , juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L, were exposed to PHE i.p.2-and to NO in water, and several endpoints were measured at days 1, 3, and 6 of2

exposure. The presence of micronuclei was observed to be significantly higher only insea bass treated with PHE alone, suggesting that different PHE metabolites, without

-genotoxic properties, were formed in the presence of NO .2

Environmental magnetism and application in the continental shelf sediments of IndiaAlagarsamy, R.

Mineral magnetic and geochemical analyses were carried out on surface sediments from the continental shelf of India. The aim of this study was to examine the environmental assessment of heavy metal concentrations and its impact in the coastal environment using magnetic techniques and to gain an understanding on the factors controlling metal concentrations and distributions in the east and west coast of India. The strong relationships between Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (Chi ARM) and heavy metals can be explained by

Marine pollution assessment and ecotoxicology

Plot of magnetic susceptibility and its concentration related parameters along the east and west coast of India

58

D'Silva, C.Durga Prasad, P.V.S.S

.Kaisary, S.

Mesquita, A.M.B.

Ray, D.

Sarkar, A.

the role of iron oxides controlling metal concentrations, though the link is also reinforced by the strong tendency of Chi ARM to be associated with the finer particle sizes. Higher values of magnetic susceptibility, IRM20 mT and SIRM are associated with the east coast shelf sediments suggested the presence of high ferrimagnetic content, which can be derived from the weathering products of the Deccan Basalts. Chi ARM can be used as a normalizer for particle size effects in the way that Aluminum (Al) is often used. The relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Cr and Ni) showed a strong positive correlation in the east coast sediments, much less so in the case of the west coast. These results suggested that the simple, rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurement can be used as an indicator for the heavy metal contamination and proxies for the measurement of heavy metals content in the coastal environment.

Thirty-five surface sediment samples from the Indian continental shelf were recovered offshore from the mouths of the major rivers (Brahmaputra, Ganges, Narmada, Tapti, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery) discharging into the coastal region of both east and west coasts were analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy for selected major (i.e. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Ti, Mg and Na) and trace elements (e.g. Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ni, P and V), after total dissolution. The main objectives are to understand the processes controlling major and trace elements in the surface sediments and to identify natural and anthropogenic sources in the coastal environment using statistically regressed elemental concentrations to establish regional baseline levels. Metal

Geochemicalcharacterisation of major and trace elements in the coastal sediments of IndiaAlagarsamy, R.; Zhang, J.

enrichments observed close to the major urban areas in the east and west coasts are associated with the industrialised activities areas rich in Cu and Co in both the east and west coast sediments. Normalisation of metals to Al indicated that high enrichment factors are in the order of Ca>TiFe>Na>Mg>Co>Cu>Ga>V>Baexcept K and P depletion. This indicated that the characteristic of estuarine sediment showed higher level along the west coast of India, which was reflected in the coastal sediments as similar to the source of its origin from the riverine composition and its abundances.

Genotoxic responses towards chronic exposure of Chaetocerostenuissimus and Skeletonemacostatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons (WAF-P) were evaluated as biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution. The DNA damage caused by water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons was assessed in terms of the DNA integrity measured by alkaline unwinding assay. The comparative study of the growth pattern of C.

Evaluation of genotoxic responses of Chaetocerostenuissimus and Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons as biomarker of exposure Desai, S.R.; Verlecar, X.N.; Ansari, Z.A.; . Jagtap, T.G.; Sarkar, A.; Vashistha, D.; Dalal, S.G.

tenuissimus with respect to DNA integrity and the DNA strand breaks in different concentrations of WAF-P showed sufficient tolerance. However, its toxicity increased proportionately with exposure to elevated levels of WAF-P. Although DNA damage in S.costatum was similar to C.tenuissimus, its tolerance level to WAF-P was at least 5 times lower than that of C. tenuissimusindicating its high sensitivity to petroleum hydrocarbons. Active growth was exhibited by C.tenuissimus between 10 and 20% WAF-P (ranging from 0.59 to 1.18 mg/L petroleum hydrocarbons) which can be related to the polluted regions only, suggesting the tolerant nature of this organism. Considering the degree of sensitivity to petroleum products and good growth under laboratory conditions, these two diatoms could be recommended as model species for evaluating ecogenotoxic effects of wide range of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants using alkaline unwinding assays.

Devi estuary is one of the major tributaries of the Mahanadi riverine system in Orissa. Modernization and industrialization in its neighborhood in the north in the

Physico-chemicalcharacteristics of the coastal water off Devi estuary, Orissa and evaluation of its seasonal changes using chemometric techniquesPradhan, U.K.; Shirodkar, P.V.; Sahu, B.K.

Plot showing the variation of enrichment factor in the east and west coasts of India

59

recent past have greatly influenced many tributaries of the Mahanadi and the adjacent coastal environments. To trace the influence of this modernization activity further down south off Devi estuary and to understand the quality of the Devi estuarine water reaching the coastal region, investigations on physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen), including dissolved nutrients (PO -4

P, NO -N, NO -N, SiO -Si) were 3 2 4

carried out in the water off the mouth of the Devi estuary, during different months of the summer and winter seasons in 2006–07. The multivariate statistics and principal component analysis applied to the datasets, indicated three factors each during the summer and winter seasons influencing the water to the extent of 77 and 80% respectively. Principal axis factoring and alpha factoring have been used to observe the mode of association of parameters and their interrelationships, for evaluating water quality during the summer and winter seasons. The results

indicated the addition of phosphates and silicates to the coastal water by the Devi estuary from natural sources during both the seasons. The anthropogenic nitrogenous species, as a fallout from modernization activities in the north, are more clearly observed off the mouth of the Devi estuary during the winter season. The study indicated that the Devi estuary adds sufficiently well-oxygenated, nutrient-rich water to the coastal region.

Aquatic organisms may absorb organic compounds mainly from water and by ingestion of contaminated food. The toxicity of such compounds may be intensified by the presence of certain inorganic compounds such

Phenanthrene and nitrite effects on juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, using hepatic biotransformation enzymes, biliary fluorescence, and micronuclei as biomarkersReis-Henriques, M.A.; Ferreira, M.; Coimbra, A.M.; DeSilva, C.; Shailaja, M.S.

-as nitrite (NO ). In order to 2

evaluate the effect of phenanthrene (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in the presence and

-absence of NO , juvenile sea bass, 2

Decentrarchus labrax L, were -exposed to PHE i.p. and to NO in 2

water, and several endpoints were measured at days 1, 3, and 6 of exposure. Sea bass exposed to PHE exhibited lower hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity as compared to the control group. The activity of the phase II enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST), was similar in all the groups of fish. The concentration of PHE metabolites, determined as fluorescent aromatic compounds, was nearly 14 times higher both in the presence and

-absence of NO , showing that even 2

at low EROD activities this PAH is metabolized. The presence of micronuclei was observed to be significantly higher only in sea bass treated with PHE alone, suggesting that different PHE metabolites, without genotoxic properties, were formed in the

-presence of No .2

60

Climate change is one of the severe challenges faced by the human beings. Our ownactivities have often been cited as the cause for intensifying the climatic changes.However, the role of anthropogenic activities in climatic change is not clear. The studyof climatic changes during the past with conditions similar as that of today butwithout anthropogenic influence can help infer role of humans in modulatingclimate. It requires study of both the modern environments as well as the past. It isrelatively easy to study the modern environmental conditions by carrying out variousinvestigations in field and laboratory. The study of past conditions is based onindirect techniques or proxies. As part of this project, we study the effect ofanthropogenic activities on modern environment, especially the estuaries andcoastal waters, by using various biogeochemical parameters. In addition, laboratoryculture experiments are conducted to develop techniques to understandenvironmental conditions during the past. The past environmental/climaticconditions are reconstructed by using mainly the sedimentological andmicropaleontological parameters.

Investigations of an intense aerosol loading during 2007 cyclone SIDR - A study using satellite data and ground measurements over Indian regionBadarinath, K.V.S.; Kharol, S.K.; Sharma, A.R.; Ramaswamy, V.; Kaskaoutis, D.G.; Kambezidis, H.D.

Tropical cyclones are prominent weather systems characterized by high atmospheric pressure gradients and wind speeds. Intense tropical cyclones occur in India during the pre-monsoon (spring), early monsoon (early summer), or post-monsoon (fall) periods. Originating in both the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS), these tropical cyclones often

-1attain velocities of >100 km h and are notorious for causing intense rain and storm surge as they cross the Indian coast. The changes in the aerosol properties associated with an intense tropical cyclone `SIDR`, that occurred during 11-16 November 2007 over BoB is examined. This cyclone, accompanied with very strong

-1surface winds reaching 223 km h ,caused extensive damage over Bangladesh. Ground-based measurements of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in the neighboring urban environment of Hyderabad, India, showed significant variations due to changes in wind velocity and direction associated with the

Paleoceanography of the northern Indian Ocean - Aninterdisciplinary approach

cyclone passage. The Terra-MODIS and AVHRR satellite images showed prevalence of dust particles mixed with emissions from anthropogenic sources and biomass-burning AS, while the aerosol loading over BoB was significantly lower. The positive values of Aerosol index (AI) obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) suggested the presence of an elevated aerosol layer over the west coast of India, AS and Thar Desert during and after the cyclone episode. Meteorological parameters from the MM5 mesoscale model were used to study the variations in winds associated with the cyclonic activity. Particulate matter loading over the region during the cyclone period increased by ~45% with an accompanying decrease in columnar aerosol optical depth. The variations in Angstrom parameters suggested coarse-mode particle loading due to dust aerosols as observed in satellite data.

Water characteristics of Kandla creek, monitored seasonally from 2002 to 2006 at four locations

Influence of anthropogenic activities on the existing environmental conditions of Kandla Creek (Gulf of Kutch)Shirodkar, P.V.; Pradhan, U.K.; Fernandes, D.; Haldankar, S.R.; Rao, G.S.

(mouth, cargo jetty, oil jetty and junction), indicated significant increases in nutrients, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHc) and phenols from anthropogenic additions, while increases in turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and salinity from natural effects. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of the data indicated port activities contaminating the creek water by fallout from loading and unloading of fertilizer and raw materials; petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) and the boat traffic. Strong macro tidal currents increase turbidity and TSS, while the high salinity water from creek tributaries formed from intense evaporation during summer, and the seepage of brines in the creek from nearby salt pans during monsoonal drainage increase the salinity of creek water. Despite the presence of large nutrients, the decreasing chlorophyll a (Chl a) and primary productivity (PP) during monsoon indicated detrimental effects of turbidity, suspended solids, phenols and PHc. The quality of creek water evaluated based on overall index of pollution (OIP), calculated from the water quality index (WQI) of each parameter, suggested polluted water at junction, oil jetty and at cargo jetty; while a slightly polluted water at the creek mouth during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.

61

Chauhan, O.S.

Naidu, P.D.

Naik, S.

Nigam, R.Paropkari ,A.L.

Ramaswamy, V.

Saraswat, R.

Shirodkar, P.V.

During postmonsoon, the slightly polluted water was observed at all the four locations. The study indicated that the strong ebb currents in the creek however transport anthropogenic nutrients, PHc and phenols to the inner Gulf of Kutch.

Observation of a large dataset collected over various seasons of the year in Kandla Creek, Gulf of Katchchh, India, to identify and assess the contributions of the sources affecting the water quality were studied. Principal components analysis was applied to simplify and understand the complex relationships among water quality parameters. Five principal components were found responsible for the data structure and 76% of the total variance of the data set. Absolute principal component scores receptor model provided apportionment of various sources contributing to the water quality. Studies reveal that the port activities contributed 80% of the observed turbidity, 70% of suspended solids and 68% of petroleum hydrocarbons; agricultural runoff contributed ~ 69% of the observed phosphate, ~ 57% of the nitrate, and 63% of the nitrite; and industrial discharges contributed 92% of the observed ammonia.

Two Gravity cores (AAS 38-4 and AAS 38-5) recovered from the eastern Arabian Sea were analyzed for calcium carbonate (CaCO3), organic carbon, aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti) in order to understand the calcium carbonate and terrigenous fluctuations

Apportionment of sources affecting water quality: Case study of Kandla Creek, Gulf of Katchchh

Carbonate and organic carbon content changes over last 20 ka in the Southeastern Arabian Sea: Paleoceanographicimplications

Dalal, S.G.; Shirodkar, P.V.; Verlekar, X.N.; Jagtap, T.G.; Rao, G.S.

Narayana, A.C.; Naidu, P.D.; Shinu, N.; Nagabhushanam, P.; Sukhija, B.S.

during the Holocene and Last Glacial Period. High CaCO and low 3

Al and Ti during the Holocene, and low CaCO and high Al and Ti 3

during the Last Glacial Period suggest that CaCO content in 3

these two cores appears to be controlled by the dilution of terrigenous material. The supply of terrigenous material to the core sites was higher during the Last Glacial Period than in the Holocene. Organic carbon values were lower (<2%) during the Holocene and higher (>2%) during the Last Glacial Period in core AAS 38-4; but the opposite was found in core AAS 38-5. This inconsistent pattern of organic carbon changes in the two cores studied indicates that the distribution of organic carbon in the eastern Arabian Sea is controlled not only by the supply of organic matter from the water column but also by sediment

texture and dilution of sediment components.

Calcium carbonate analyses were carried out from two size fractions (<63μm and >63μm) from the Ocean Drilling Program Sites 752 and 715 collected from above the lysocline depth in the Indian Ocean, to evaluate the calcium carbonate size index as paleocarbonate ion proxy in these cores. Size index values varied from 69 to 81 at Site 752 and showed a similar pattern with that of total carbonate content at this site. High values of size index and the location of this site, far from any landmass, suggest that only changes in productivity of overlying waters are responsible for the observed variations. Low values of size index at Site 715 suggest supralysoclinal dissolution, the inverse relation between size index variations and the total CaCO3

content shows that the total carbonate variations are controlled by the finer fraction composed of juvenile foraminifera, foraminifera fragments and coccolithophores. This further confirms the observed variations of CaCO content of the 3

<63 mm fraction, which follows the trend of total CaCO content. This 3

study demonstrates that apart from factors such as breakup of shells after burial due to organic matter respiration and dilution due to terrigenous material, changes in surface water productivity and coccolithophores might be a constraint to use size index as a paleocarbonate ion proxy for sediments from above the lysocline.

Variations in sea surface 18temperature (SST), δ O of sea

18water (δ Ow), and salinity were

Evaluation of the CaCO3

dissolution proxies in sediment cores from above the lysocline

Evaporation-precipitationchanges in the eastern Arabian Sea for the last 68 ka: Implications on monsoon variability

Naik, S.S.; Naidu, P.D.

Govil, P.; Naidu, P.D.

Linear sedimentation rate (a), calcium carbonate content (b), organic carbon content (c), aluminium content (d) and titanium content (e) in core AAS 38-4

62

reconstructed for the past 68 ka using a sediment core (AAS9/21) from the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) in order to understand the changes in evaporation and precipitation associated with the monsoon system. The Mg/Ca-derived SST record varies by ~ 4ºC; it shows that marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 was warmer than MIS 3, that the Last Glacial Maximum was 4ºC cooler than the present, and that

there was a 2ºC increase within the Holocene. MIS 4 records higher

18δ O and salinity values than MIS W

2, suggesting variable flow of low-salinity Bay of Bengal flow into the EAS during glacial periods. The transition from MIS 4 to MIS 3 was marked with a conspicuous shift

18from higher to lower δ Ow values, which reflects a decrease in the evaporation precipitation budget in the EAS, perhaps due to the

strengthening of southwest monsoon. Monsoon

18reconstructions based on δ Owreveal that monsoon-driven precipitation was higher during MIS 3 and MIS 1 and was lower during MIS 2 and MIS 4. This is consistent with earlier monsoon reconstructions based on upwelling indices from the western Arabian Sea. However, the amplitude of monsoon fluctuations derived

18through upwelling indices and Owvaries significantly, which may indicate spatial variability of monsoon rainfall.

Laboratory culture experiments were carried out to understand the response of benthic foraminifer Rosalina leei to gradual as well as sudden addition of heavy metal mercury into the media. When mercury was added suddenly, specimens did not show any change in morphology during the initial 40 days. However, later on, out of all the specimens subjected to mercury concentrations up to 150 ng/l, 75% developed deformities, whereas all the specimens subjected to 150–275 ng/l Hg concentrations, had deformed chambers. All specimens kept at 300 ng/l Hg concentration died within 20 days. In addition to this, irregularities were also observed in the rate of reproduction, number of juveniles produced and the survival rate of the juveniles. Where as in an earlier experiment where Hg concentration was increased gradually, irregularities in the newly added chambers were noticed only in case of specimens subjected to very high (180 ng/l) Hg concentration. However, during this experiment, growth was found to be inversely proportional to the mercury concentration.

Effects of sudden stress due to heavy metal mercury on benthic foraminifer Rosalinaleei: Laboratory culture experimentNigam, R.; Linshy, V.N.; Kurtarkar, S.R.; Saraswat, R.

63

Profiles of sea surface temperature (SST) for (a) core AAS9/21 are compared with SST of (b) ODP 723 (c) NIOP929, (d) SK17. Two warm events, Arabian Sea warm event 1 (ASW1) and Arabian Sea warm event 2 (ASW2), were documented during MIS 2 . Note ASW1 event in AAS9/21 and SK 17 was a part of deglaciation warming in the EAS. Shading and unshaded stages represents glacial and interglacial marine isotopes stages

The detection of annual hypoxia in a low latitude freshwater reservoir in Kerala, India, using the small AUV MayaDesa, E.S.; Madhan, R.; Maurya, P.K.;Navelkar, G.S.; Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q.;Prabhudesai, S.; Afzulpurkar, S.; Desa, E.; Pascoal, A.M.; Nambiar, M.

The Idukki Reservoir at an altitude of 748 m covering an area of

253 km is surrounded by tropical forests in the Western Ghats in the southwestern Indian state of Kerala. The small autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Maya with onboard sensors of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, turbidity, temperature, and depth to monitor the water quality environment of the Idukki Reservoir was used in May 2006. The use of AUVs in

Autonomous vehicles and instrumentation for oceanography

The small AUV [ Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ] Maya is the first indigenousdevelopment of underwater robot technology in India. Maya was interfaced toonboard sensors of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, turbidity, temperature and depthand used in monitoring the water quality environment of Idukki Reservoir in May2006 during a series of staircase dives to the bottom of the reservoir. The use ofAUVs in confined spaces of small lakes and reservoirs is new and uncommonrequiring robust safety software. Key aspects of Maya are described namely, itsnovel mechanical design, the autopilots which control the heading and cruisingdepth, and safety and endurance of the vehicle. The data acquired by Mayarevealed an acute oxygen deficiency at 21m, a mid-water low turbidity layerbetween 10 to 15m, and a prominent chlorophyll maximum below the thermo-cline ofIdukki waters at 6m. These experiments were repeated a year later in May 2007 andwere found to be in unambiguous agreement with the 2006 findings of hypoxia. Tothe best of our knowledge, these are the first observations of hypoxic processesusing a small AUV in any Indian lake. Our results show close similarities to hypoxiain saline coastal waters of the West Coast of India.

confined spaces like small lakes and reservoirs is new and uncommon, requiring extra safety to be implemented. As this is a prototype AUV, it has been described in brief the key aspects of the vehicle attributes, namely, its novel mechanical design, the autopilots that control the heading and cruising depth, and the safety and endurance of the platform. The data acquired by Maya revealed an acute oxygen deficiency at 21 m, a mid-water low turbidity layer between 10 m and 15 m, and a

prominent chlorophyll maximum in the thermocline region of Idukki waters at 6 m. These experiments were repeated a year later in May 2007 and were in unambiguous agreement with the 2006 findings of hypoxia. These are the first observations of hypoxic processes using a small AUV in any Indian lake. The relevance of these results in freshwater systems shows similarities to hypoxia in saline coastal waters of the west coast of India.

64

Afzalpurkar, S .

Desa, E.S.Madhan, R.

Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q.

Navelkar, G.S.

Polychaete diversity and its relevance in the rapid environmental assessment of Mumbai Port

Mercury enrichment in sediments of Amba estuary

Sukumaran, S.; SaralaDevi, K.

Ram, A.; Rokade, M.A.; Zingde, M.D.

The diversity and spatial patterns of polychaetes, a proven proxy for environmental assessment studies, were studied in 28 stations covering subtidal and intertidal segments as well as bunders and docks of the Mumbai Port. Univariate and multivariate analyses of polychaete data were used to determine the level of environmental degradation in various segments of the port area. The dominance of the deposit feeder, Paraprionospio pinnataalong with a reduction in species diversity can be considered as indicator of stressed conditions.

Concentrations of Hg, total organic carbon (TOC), Al, Fe and Mn were determined in sediment of the Amba Estuary between the mouth and the head over a distance of 24 km in December and May during 1997-2002. Temporal and spatial changes in metal concentrations appear to be due to sediment movement associated with tidal movements. The Hg concentration

-1varies in 0.05-2.66 μg g range and the profiles of its variation indicate Patalganga River that opens in the Amba Estuary is a major source of anthropogenic

Marine environmental studies for sustainable developments in the coastal zone of India

metal to the estuary. Geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor support Hg contamination of the estuarine sediment to a varying degree. Hg is not significantly correlated with TOC, Al, Fe and Mn in these sediments.

A mercury–cell chlor-alkali plant operating at Airoli (eastern bank of

Post depositional memory record of mercury in sediment near effluent disposal site of a chlor-alkali plant in Thane Creek-Mumbai Harbour, IndiaRam, A.; Rokade, M.A.; Zingde, M.D.; Borole, D.V.

Thane Creek) for 40 years, caused widespread contamination of the surrounding environment. Untreated wastewater from the plant was discharged to Thane Creek for several years. Thane Creek joins to Ulhas Estuary, an impacted estuary by mercury (Hg) released by several industries including two chlor-alkali industries by a narrow arm and opens to Arabian Sea through Mumbai Harbour. In order to understand historical record of anthropogenic Hg and its association to Al, Fe and total organic carbon (TOC),estimation of Hg, Al, Fe and TOC was made in surface sediments and cores from Thane Creek-Mumbai Harbour

Concentration of Hg (red) and Corg (blue) in surficial sediment of Amba Estuary during differentsampling events

Coastal zones extending from coastal plains across the continental shelves arecharacterised by strong gradients in environmental and ecological properties.Marine environmental changes are driven, directly and indirectly, by variousanthropogenic activities such as withdrawal of seawater for industrial (cooling,desalination, raw material) and traditional (salt manufacture, aquaculture) uses aswell as release of domestic and industrial wastes in coastal areas. Awareness of thequality of coastal ecosystems being negatively impacted by multiple driving forceshas accelerated efforts to assess, monitor and mitigate coastal stressors. Given theabove scenario the impacts of various anthropogenic activities in and aroundMumbai, the commercial hub of India, on its coastal waters have been investigated.

65

Gajbhiye, S.N.Jaiswar, A.R.S.

Jiyalal, R.M.J.

Naidu, V.S.

Rakesh, P.S.

Sarma, R.V.

Sukumaran,.S

(Bay) and the adjacent coastal area. Though 70 % of the plant has been changed to membrane-cell based technology, surficial sediment in the vicinity of effluent release contain high concentration

-1(upto 1.19μg g dw.) of Hg as compared to its background value

-1(0.10μg g dw.). The contaminated creek sediments are prone to current-driven resuspension and are acting as a strong source of Hg to the sediment of coastal region. Several rocks and sediments from

the catchment area were analyzed to find out natural background of Hg. Lithogenic and anthropogenic Hg buried in marine sediments is quantified based on normalization with Al, Fe and TOC and inter-comparisons of results indicate comparable values obtained by using Al and Fe while discernible deviations are found when calculated by using TOC. The Hg profile in core from the effluent release site for which sedimentation rate has been

Hg(μg/g) anthropogenic(Al) Hg(μg/g) anthropogenic(Fe) Hg(μg/g) anthropogenic(C )

66

established, is discussed in terms of progressive removal of Hg from the effluent after mid-1970s and partial changeover of the manufacturing process from Hg cell to membrane cell production subsequent to 1992. Based on reported sedimentation rate in the locality, maximum concentration (49.19μg g-1 dw) of Hg represents the year 1967, when the chlor-alkali plant started discharging its untreated effluent to the creek. Results indicate that >80% of Hg settles in the vicinity of its discharge and once deposited in the sediment, it is not affected to any substantial degree by diagenesis.

Impact of the changing ecology on intertidal polychaetes in an anthropogenically stressed tropical creek, IndiaQuadros, G.; Sukumaran, S.; Athalye, R.P.

Polychaete assemblages and associated environment of 12 strategically selected intertidal stations along the extremely polluted Thane creek on the west coast of India were studied monthly for a year and compared with past available data to investigate changes in the creek ecology due to various anthropogenic activities like industrial, domestic, and solid waste disposal along with land

1reclamation. Shannon's index (H )varied spatially from 0.4 to 1.5, Margalef richness index (d) from 0.4 to 1.1, and evenness index (J) from 0.3 to 0.7 indicating poor polychaete diversity. Ceratonereisburmensis and Lycastis indica were the most abundant and omnipresent polychaetes in the creek indicating their tolerance and adaptability to various degrees of pollution. Hydro-sedimentological investigations revealed enhancement of total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (C ) load and org

hypoxic levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) over the years. Silt component of sediment was increasing, with proportionate decrease in clay due to various anthropogenic disturbances. Species richness was correlated positively with clay and

Concentration of Hg in different leachates of sequential extraction. (BS) base soluble fraction, (AS) acid soluble fraction, (OX) oxidizable fraction, (PW) porewater

67

negatively with silt. The BIO-ENV analyses indicated the strong

-influence of NO - N, clay and TN 3

on the distribution patterns of polychaetes. Pollution-tolerant polychaetes like Lycastisounaryensis and Polydoratentaculata were getting replaced by more pollution-resistant species like C. burmensis in the creek due to changing sediment texture, reduced oxygen levels, and increased C and TN.org

Sequential extraction of Hg was performed in a core collected from intertidal area in Ulhas Estuary in order to characterize the downward distribution and diagenetic behavior of Hg in a polluted estuary. Concentration of total Hg

-1ranged between 0.46 and 6.40μg gwith significant decrease in surficial sediment as a result of closing of two Hg-cell based chlor-alkali plants. Results of sequential extraction showed that >65% Hg was strongly bound to organo-sulphur and inorganic sulphide species that are not bioavailable. Flux of only 18.8% of Hg was found compared to its value deposited on sediment–water interface. Hence, it

Diagenesis and bioavailability of mercury in the contaminated sediments of Ulhas Estuary, IndiaRam, A.; Borole, D.V.; Rokade, M.A.; Zingde, M.D.

is concluded that there is no significant diagenetic remobilization of Hg in Ulhas Estuary. This core also has been

210analyzed for Pb geochronology. The estimated sedimentation rate

-1is 0.31 cm y in the present sampling region.

The Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and PredictionMcPhaden, M.J.; Meyers, G.; Ando, K.; Masumoto, Y.; Murty, V.S.N.;Ravichandran, M.; Syamsudin, F.; Vialard,J.; Yu, L.; Yu, W.

The Indian Ocean is unique among the three tropical ocean basins in that it is blocked at 25ºN by the Asian landmass. Seasonal heating and cooling of the land sets the stage for dramatic monsoon wind reversals, strong ocean-atmosphere interactions, and intense seasonal rains over the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, East Africa, and Australia. Recurrence of these monsoon rains is critical to agricultural production that supports a third of the world's population. The Indian Ocean also remotely influences the evolution of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), North American weather, and hurricane activity. Despite its importance in the regional and global climate system though, the Indian Ocean is the most poorly observed and least well understood of the three tropical oceans. This study describes the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian

Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan

As part of monsoon and climate variability studies of the Indian Ocean, anobservational component has been designed by the international community for theIndian Ocean Observing System (Indoos) program under the Indian Ocean GlobalOcean Observation System (IOGOOS). A sub-program of Indoos, named as theResearch moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis andprediction (RAMA), consists of surface moorings for the collection and satellitetransmission of upper ocean data along with surface meteorological data and deep-sea moorings for sub-surface and deep currents. The scientific rationale for thedevelopment of RAMA, instruments being deployed in RAMA and the results fromvarious existing observing systems and process oriented experiments arehighlighted. The Geophysics group continued their studies on land-ocean tectonicstowards understanding the factors responsible for the recent seismic activity overcoastal and near shore regions of the Eastern Continental Margin of India in relationto the Krishna-Godavari basin.

Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA), a new observational network designed to address outstanding scientific questions related to Indian Ocean variability and the monsoons. RAMA is a multinationally supported element of the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS), a combination of complementary satellite and in situ measurement platforms for climate research and forecasting. The study discusses the scientific rationale, design criteria, and implementation of the array. Initial RAMA data are presented to illustrate how they contribute to improved documentation and understanding of phenomena in the region.

The bathymetry data of Krishna-Godavari Offshore Basin reveal that the water depths in the area vary from 40 m (near shore) to 3000 m (offshore). The data indicate high gradient tightly packed

Land-ocean tectonic signatures of the Krishna-Godavari Basin, a qualitative evaluationSubrahmanyam, A.S.; Subrahmanyam, V.;Sarma, K.V.L.N.S.; Murty, G.P.S.; Murthy,K.S.R.

contours over offshore Krishna Basin between 40 and 1000m water depth whereas between Krishna and Godavari Rivers, the pattern shows relatively wider shelf from 40 m to slope regions up to 2500 m water depth. The band of depth contours ranging from 1000 to 2400 m appears to be sheared and bounded by fault lineaments. The NW-SE trending topographic rise of 500meters from the adjacent seafloor of 1750 meters observed in multi-beam bathymetry study. The landward extension of this topographic rise, well depicted in the multibeam bathymetry contours probably abuts trend of the Bhimavaram-Tanuku ridge at the coast. The total intensity magnetic anomaly map exhibits two major trends in NE-SW and NW-SE directions. The NE-SW trending wide curvilinear anomaly zone approximately runs parallel to the coast within the water depths of 1000 -2500 meters off Ongole to Kakinada. This Anomaly Zone is sheared and block shifted by an intervening NW–SE trending anomaly zone bounded by two fault lineaments which may be the offshore extension of on land river lineaments off Vasishta

68

Lakshiminarayana, S.

Murty, G.P.S.

Murty, V.S.N.Rao, B.P.

Rao, K.M.

Rao, T.V.N.

Sarma, K.V.L.N.S.

Subrahmanyam, V.

Subramanyam, A.S.

Sudarshan, R.

Godavari and off Krishna River. The NW-SE trending contour pattern of zone clearly depicts that there is a marked change in the coastal tectonics as evidenced from concavity of the coast. From this study it is summarized that it is highly essential to link coastal and offshore lineaments from geophysical data vis-a-vis earthquake activity of entire Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) in order to understand the factors responsible for the recent seismic activity over coastal and near shore regions.

Map showing the total intensity magnetic anomalies. Land-ocean tectoni lineaments are shown. Theanomaly zones are denoted as A, B and C

69

Potential diagenetic and detrital sources for calcareous sediments from the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian OceanValsangkar, A.B.; Borole, D.V.; Shejwalkar,A.S.; Kalangutkar, N.G.; Fernandes, N.O.; Dias, C.C.

Six sediment cores from the Carlsberg Ridge (CR) were studied for elemental concentration, magnetic susceptibility (χ), grain size and clay mineral distribution, and sedimentation rate to decipher possible detrital and diagenetic contributions. The sediments were characterized by very low , moderate total organic carbon, high CaCO content and high 3

accumulation rate (3 cm/ kyr). Clay mineralogical and geochemical data suggest major continental source from the Arabian Sea, and very low Mn distribution, absence of tephra and characteristic magnetic signatures rule out volcanic or hydrothermal input. Consistent peaks around 10, 25, 45, 60 and 80 cm depth and high uranium are due to sedimentary diagenesis.

Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slow spreading mid-ocean ridges and the Andaman trench-backarcsystem, Indian Ocean

Mid-oceanic ridges are the primary sites of volcanic activity and generation of newcrust. Studies of mid-ocean ridges in the Indian Ocean and the Andaman spreadingcentre were initiated by the CSIR and MoES to understand the geological processes,and to explore for hydrothermal mineral resources that occur at the activehydrothermal vent fields located at these divergent plate boundaries. Highlights of recently published studies are described below.

Distinctive positive Ce and Eu anomalies observed in down core variations of rareearth elements (REEs) in the Andaman Sea are ascribed to be due to oxidation ofdeep sea sediments (Alagarsamy et al., 2010). Possible detrital and diageneticcontributions were derived based on elemental concentration, magneticsusceptibility (c), grain size and clay mineral distribution, and sedimentation ratefrom six sediment cores of Carlsberg Ridge (Valsangkar et al. 2009). Studies oninactive hydrothermal field discovered near Kings Triple Junction (KTJ) in northern Lau back-arc basin during a cruise of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh provided in-sights in to the formation processes of different hydrothermal deposits (Paropkari etal., (2010).

Determination of rare earth, major and trace elements in authigenic fraction of Andaman Sea (Northeastern Indian Ocean) sediments by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometryAlagarsamy, R.; You, C.-F.; Nath, B.N.; SijinKumar, A.V.

Downcore variation of rare earth elements (REEs) in the authigenic

Sample locations in axial valley and flank region of Carlsberg Ridge with bathymetry contours

70

Kamesh Raju, K.A.Mudholkar, A.V.

Yateesh, V.

Fe-Mn oxides of a sediment core (covering a record of last ~ 40 kyr) from the Andaman Sea, a part of the Indian Ocean shows distinctive positive Ce and Eu anomalies. These positive Ce anomalies (Ce = 1.1 ~ 1.8) are ascribed to be due to oxidation of deep sea sediments. The large positive Eu anomalies (i.e., Eu > 1.8 to 3.2) occur within a time span near the glacial/interglacial transition (~

Hydrothermal sulfide samples showing sub-sections studied presently (left frames) and their chondrite (C-1) normalized rare earth element patterns (right frames). (A) The pedestal slab, M-2226-5 with four sections (L-1 to L-4). (B) The peripheral chimney M-2226-6/12 with six sections (S-1 to S-6) and (C) the Fe and Mn oxide precipitate, M-2226-12 with two sections (B-12 and O-12)

71

7000-14,000 yr BP) which could be due to the past hydrothermal activity or to the effects arising from sea level changes. During glacial times, the Andaman Sea was almost completely isolated due to low sea level, leading to a reduction in sediment supply from the Ayeyarwady River. The variations of metal abundances (i.e., Ca, Al, Mn, and Fe) in the authigenic fraction provided independent information to evaluate the water column physicochemical changes during the glacial/interglacial transition period. The studied sediment core records changes in riverine inputs and reflects depositional changes related to sea level fluctuations and climatic events over the past 40 kyr in the Andaman Sea.

An inactive hydrothermal field was discovered near Kings Triple Junction (KTJ) in northern Lau back-arc basin during 19th cruise of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 1990. The field consisted of a large elongated basal platform 'the pedestal' with several 'small' chimneys on its periphery and one 'main mound' superposed over it. The surrounding region is carpeted with lava pillows having ferromanganese 'precipitate' as infillings. The adjoining second field consisted of small chimney like growths termed as 'Christmas Tree' Field. The basal pedestal, the peripheral chimneys and small 'Christmas Tree' like growths (samples collected by MIR submersibles), though parts of the same hydrothermal field differ significantly in their mineralogy and elemental composition indicating different history of formation. The pedestal slab consisting of chalcopyrite and pyrite as major minerals and rich in Cu is likely to have formed at

Formation of hydrothermal deposits at Kings Triple Junction, northern Lau back-arc basin, SW Pacific: The geochemical perspectivesParopkari, A.L.; Ray, D.; Balaram, V.;Prakash, L.S.; Mirza, I.H.; Satyanarayana, M.; Rao, T.G.; Kaisary, S.

higher temperatures than sphalerite dominated peripheral chimney. Extremely low concentration of high field strength elements (e.g. Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta) and enrichment of light REE in these sulfides indicate prominent influence of aqueous arc-magma, rich in subduction components. The oxide growths in the 'Christmas Tree' Field have two distinct layers, Fe rich orange-red basal part which seems to have formed at very low temperature as precipitates from diffused hydrothermal flows from the seafloor whereas Mn rich black surface coating is formed from hydrothermal fluids emanated from the seafloor during another episode of hydrothermal activity. Perhaps this is for the first time such unique hydrothermal oxide growths are being reported in association with hydrothermal system. Here, we discuss the possible processes responsible for

the formation of these different hydrothermal deposits based on their mineralogy and geochemistry.

Provenance signature of pre-cambrian and mesozoic rocks in the nearshore placers of Konkan, central west coast of IndiaGujar, A.R.; Angusamy, N.; Rajamanickam, G.V.

Heavy mineral studies of the nearshore placer deposits of the Konkan Coast reveal a dominant assemblage comprised of garnet and kyanite along with other accessory minerals like epidote, olivine and rutile. The heavy mineral assemblage of the study region showed a characteristic suite of 17 types of heavy minerals. Their abundance showed hardly any drastic variation in the four bays studied. Overwhelming presence of minerals like garnet and kyanite in the studied four bays points to the source as metamorphic rocks. The presence of etched garnets, overgrown zircons and etched kyanites corroborate the recycling of paleosediments into the bay. Characterization of opaques under the microscope also corroborates the influence of a metamorphic source, rather than the adjoining basaltic rocks. However, the absence of metamorphic rocks in the hinterland suggests the possibility of deposition of sediments predominantly from offshore. Factor analysis results also corroborate the overwhelming

Applications of marine geo-scientific methods to study seabed and sub-seabed geological features of near shore region of India

The project is providing quality geo-scientific services and advisories through itsresearch and development activates using state-of-art technology to variousindustries. The project is equipped with necessary exploratory system to undertakesystematic high resolution geological and geophysical surveys in near shore regions.Apart from above, two research papers are published highlighting (i) the provenanceof near shore placer minerals, and ii) identification and delineation of beach placersenriched in ilmenite magnetite and chromite along the coastal region of southMaharashtra. The mineral chromite is discovered as a placer mineral for the first timealong the beaches of India's main land. In addition consultancy services wereprovided to placer industry of Tamil Nadu for initiating the detail prospecting in thenear shore areas of central Maharashtra between Jaigad to Kalbadevi and Mirya toVijaydurg. Several projects related to delineation of coastal regulatory zone werecompleted for various industries.

influence of metamorphic rocks in the present study region rather than the abutting basalts.

The heavy mineral placerdeposits of the coastal sedimentsin south Maharashtra stretch for

Ilmenite, magnetite and chromite beach placers from south Maharashtra, central west coast of IndiaGujar, A.R.; Ambre, N.V.; Mislankar, P.G.;Iyer, S.D.

12.5 km from Pirwadi in thenorth to Talashil in the south.The area is a sand barrepresented by a narrowsubmergent coastal plain lyingbetween the Achara and GadRivers. The sediments in the areaare mainly sands which aremoderately well sorted to wellsorted. The heavy mineralconcentration in the surficialsediments ranges between 0.69and 98.32 wt % (28.73 wt % in

Transparent Heavy Minerals from Wada Vetye Bay

72

Chaubey, A.K.Gujar, A.R.

Jauhari, P.

Mahale, V.P.

Ranade, G.H.

73

average). The heavy mineralconcentration shows anincreasing trend from north tosouth. The heavy mineral suiteconsists predominantly of opaqueminerals (ilmenite, magnetite andchromite), garnet, pyroxene,amphibole, zircon, tourmaline,rutile, staurolite, etc. Ilmenitegrains are fresh whereasmagnetite grains show the effectof weathering and alteration. Thechromite grains are rounded tosub-rounded with alteration atthe margin of the grains. Thesurficial textures of the opaqueminerals show mechanicalbreaking that indicates limiteddistance of transportation.Ilmenite has TiO in the range2

between 40.04 and 46.6 wt %.Based on ore microscopy studies,

the magnetite grains appear to beof two types: pure magnetite andtitano-magnetite.Compositionally, the totalmagnetite fractions have Fe O2 3

between 32 and 46 wt %, FeObetween 19.0 and 25 wt % andTiO between 14.3 and 23.9 wt %.2

The chromite grains are anadmixture of two varieties, ferro-chromite and magnesio-chromite.The chromite grains have 32.06-47.5 wt % of Cr O with total2 3

iron between 23.86 wt% (4.73%Fe O and 19.13% FeO) and2 3

27.89 wt % (4.36 % Fe O and2 3

23.53 % FeO) and MgO between12 and 40 wt %. The observedvariations in the distribution ofheavy minerals in the area aredue to differences in thesediment supply, their specific

gravity and oceanographicprocesses all of which result in aselective sorting of thesediments. The observed mineralassemblages of transparentheavy minerals (pyroxene,amphibole, tourmaline, kyanite,garnet, zircon and olivine) aresuggestive of their derivationfrom a heterogeneous provenancecomprising of igneous rocks, highgrade metamorphic rocks andreworked Kaladgi sediments. Thechromite grains appear to havebeen derived from ultrabasicrocks present in the upperreaches of the Gad River. Theinferred reserves of ilmenite,magnetite and chromite are0.175, 0.395 and 0.032 milliontons, respectively.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Desk studies on marine EIA for a proposed Pipavav Energy Pvt. Ltd. Naidu, V.S.1200 MW power plant at Bherai, Amreli Dist. Gujarat

Marine studies for the thermal power project Pipavav Energy Pvt. Ltd. Naidu, V.S.near Pipavav Port, Gujarat

Comprehensive EIA for proposed marine facilities of cement plant by JP Associates Ltd.in Kharo Creek at Sisadhar, Kachchh District

EIA of site selection to outfall for Daman Khemani Distilleries Pvt. Ltd. Naidu, V.S.Industries, Khemani and Royal Distilleries

Marine release of treated effluent from Maharashtra Industrial Development Sarma, R.V. Tarapur Industrial Area Corporation

EIA for proposed intake and discharge of RO Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. Sarma, R.V.reject and construction of a jetty at Tuna village (Kutchch District, Gujarat)

Marine EIA/consultancy, conceptual risk Reliance Ports & Terminal Ltd,, Navi Sarma, R.V.assessment studies and CRZ delineation Mumbaifor proposed expansion of RIL petrochemical/refinery facilities at Jamnagar

Final disposal point for treated sewage of Surat Municipal Corporation JiyalalRam, M.Sewage Treatment Plant at Bamroli & Khajod

Final disposal point for Sewage Treatment Surat Municipal Corporation JiyalalRam, M.Plant at Asarma & Variyav-Kosad

EIA for proposed SPM for handling crude oil Kandla Port Trust JiyalalRam, M.and allied facilities off Veera in Gulf of Kutch

Production capacity of expansion of the Tata Chemicals Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N.Mithapur complex, enhancement of capacity of seawater input and effluent discharge – EIA studies

Marine EIA and identification of marine Kutchch Power Generation Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N.facilities for KPGL Thermal Power Plant at Bhadreshwar, Dist. Kutchch

Advisory services relevant to the mitigation New Kolkotta International Jagtap, T.G.of impacts due to anthropogenic activities on Development Pvt. Ltd.ecologically sensitive marine habitats

Consultancy services towards regeneration of P.W. Division, Chiplun, Maharashtra Jagtap, T.G.mangroves at Kelshi in response to the bridge construction activities by PWD, Chiplun, Maharashtra

Pre-seismic environmental impact Adani Welspun Exploration Ltd. Soniya, S.assessment studies for Block MB-OSN-2005/2 (Mumbai shallow offshore)

Marine EIA for fishery harbour at Vanakbara U.T. Administration of Daman & Diu Soniya, S.and fish landing centre at Ghoghla, Diu

Marine environmental impact assessment and Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., New Delhi SanilKumar, V.review for the offshore terminal at Paradip Rao, B.P.

Sudheesh, K.

Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. Naidu, V.S.

EXTERNAL PROJECTSSPONSORED PROJECTS

74

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

Comprehensive marine environmental status Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Ansari, Z.A.report on impact assessment of ONGC Kolkataexploratory activities on water quality and coastal ecology including sea turtle in Mahanadi Basin

Marine impact assessment study for Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd. Sreepada, R.A.utilization of ferros and as reclamation material at Tuticorin Port Trust, Tamil Nadu

Environmental impact assessment of Solar Nirma Ltd., Ahmedabad Sukumaran, S.Salt Works of Nirma at Bhavnagar

Rapid EIA studies for i) intake and outfall Universal Cresent Power Pvt. Ltd., Vethamony, P.of the coal based Thermal Power Plant (TPP) Noida Matondkar,S.G.P.at Gojiness, Gujarat and ii) construction of Shirodkar, P.V.port for TPP at Gojiness, Gujarat Gaonkar, S.S.

Mesquita, A. Sreepada, R.A.

Environmental impact assessment for Sethusamudram Corporation Ltd., Parameswaran, P.S. alignment 4 A of Sethusamudram channel Chennai Mahale, V.P.

SanilKumar,V.Joseph, A.Fernando, V.Vethamony, P.

Rapid Marine Environmental Assessment Vijayasri Organics Ltd., Murty, T.V.R.(RMEIA) studies for the disposal of treated Rao, B.P.effluents off Pydibhimavaram Murty, G.P.S.

Reddy, N.P.C.Ansari, Z.A.

Study to assess the marine ecology at the National Thermal Power Corporation Sarma, V.V.Marine Outfall Point for stage-II at SMPP- Ltd. Sadhuram, Y.NTPC Ltd. Ansari, Z.A.

Sreepada, R.AJawaharKumar Ch.

Monitoring of chemical and biological Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Sarma, V.V.parameters in the marine environment off Ansari, Z.A.Appikonda and toxicological studies of the treated effluent of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant

Environmental monitoring off Chippada and Divi's laboratories Ltd. Sarma, V.V.toxicological studies of treated effluents for M/s Divi's Laboratories Limited

Periodic general monitoring of marine ecology Vadinar Oil Terminal Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N.off Vadinar : 2009

Periodic monitoring of Amba estuary Reliance Industries Ltd. Gajbhiye, S.N.(May 2009)

Monitoring off Bhavnagar in the Gulf of Nirma Ltd., Ahmedabad Ram, A. Khambhat

Marine environmental monitoring of treated Indian Rayon Ltd., Gujarat Ram, A.effluent around marine discharge point of Indian Rayon in Arabian Sea

Monitoring and investigation of Tapi estuary Gujarat Pollution Control Board JiyalalRam, M.fish kills and probable causes

Post project monitoring in the marine Andhra Organics Ltd. Reddy, N.P.C. environment of Pydibhimavaram and Ansari, Z.A.toxicological studies for the treated effluent

Visakhapatnam

Environmental Monitoring

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

75

Environmental monitoring of the western Institute of Petroleum Safety & Ingole, B.S.offshore oil fields of ONGC Mumbai Environmental Management ONGC Shirodkar, P.V.

Monitoring of marine environment around Gujarat Alkalies & Chemicals Ltd. Soniya, S.GACL effluent disposal site in the Gulf of Khambhat

Environmental monitoring of ONGC well Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., DineshKumar, P.K.MDW # 6 in Mahanadi Offshore Block Mn- KakinadaOsn-2000/2

Post project monitoring in the marine Hetero Drugs Ltd., Hyderabad Reddy, N.P.C. environment off Nakkapalli and toxicological Ansari, Z.A.studies for the treated effluent for M/s. Hetero Drugs Ltd.

Prevailing ecology of Savitri estuary and Maharashtra Industrial Development Naidu, V.S.assessment of impact of treated effluent on Corporation Ltd.marine environment

Evaluation of Nova Oil Spill Dispersant Nova Chemicals, Kalbadevi, Sreepada, R.A.Type II/Type III concentrate Mumbai

Monitoring of coastal environment off Sikka Reliance Industries, Gujarat Sarma, R.V.(2009-2010)

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P.along Buckingham canal and open sea near ChennaiKrishnapatnam Port for MEPL

Demarcation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P.for expansion of SEPL project near ChennaiKrishnapatnam Port, Andhra Pradesh

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P.near Kattupalli, Tamilnadu Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd,, Rao, B.P.for Chemplast Sanmar Limited along the Chennaishorefront and Paravanar River near Cuddalore

Demarcation of HTL, LTL, and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P. boundaries near Bhadreswar in Gulf of ChennaiKachch, Gujarat

Demarcation of HTL & CRZ boundaries near Fine Envirotech Engineers Water & Air Rao, B.P.Bhiwandi for Yogi Reality Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai. Pollution Consultant

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries near Fine Envirotech Engineers Water & Air Rao, B.P.Bhiwandi for Echomes construction Private Pollution ConsultantLimited, Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries near Fine Envirotech Engineers Water & Air Rao, B.P.Dhokwade village, Alibag district, Pollution ConsultantMaharashtra

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries GMR Energy Ltd., Bangalore Rao, B.P.at south of Uppada village, East Godavari District

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries GMR Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P.at Ontimavidi, near Kakinada port for GMR Bangalor

Demarcation of HTL & CRZ boundaries along PEL Power Ltd. Rao, B.P.the shore front in the north side of Sevugan Creek, Tamilnadu

Demarcation of HTL & CRZ boundaries near Meghavaram Power Private Ltd. Rao, B.P. Kakarapalli village, Srikakulam District for Meghavaram Power Private Limited

Ltd.

Coastal Regulation Zone

Power Plant

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

76

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries AGM-Corporate Environment Rao, B.P.at Tondangi near Kakinada, East Godavari Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd., (GCSPL) Dt., A.P.

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Dhamra Port Co. Ltd., Orissa Rao, B.P.near Dhamra

Demarcation of Low Tide Line (LTL), High Secon Pvt. Ltd. Rao, B.P.Tide Line (HTL) & CRZ mapping for the LNG port site near Mundra, Gujarat

Demarcation of LTL, HTL and CRZ boundaries Navayuga Engineering Co. Ltd. Rao, B.P.for the development of a modern port at Astarang area, Orissa

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Parry Infrastructure Co. Pvt. Ltd. Rao, B.P. for Parry Infrastructure Company Private Limited at Vakalapudi village near Kakinada, East Godavari Dt., A.P.

Demarcation of HTL, LTL & CRZ boundaries Tata Power Co. Ltd. Rao, B.P.between Mandvi and Bhujipur, Gujarat to cover the project area

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Pipavav Energy Pvt. Ltd. Rao, B.P.near Pipavav Port, Gujarat for 2X600 MW Thermal Power projects

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries K. Subbareddy, Visakhapatnam Rao, B.P.for 294 survey no., at Appikonda, Visakhapatnam District, A.P.

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Enviro Analysts Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Rao, B.P.at Salav village along the Dharamtar creek, MumbaiRaigad District, Maharastra for the plant area

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries SPGL Power Plant Rao, B.P. along the creek in the plant near Uppada

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundaries Vapi Waste & Effluent Management Rao, B.P.along the Damanganga creek near Vapi Corporation Ltd.,Vapi

Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Mumbai Shelter Housing Development Vaz, S.C.boundary along and across plot bearing CTS Pvt. Ltd.No. E/86-16, located at Khardanda, Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL and LTL and delineation Ispat Industries Ltd. Vaz, S.C.of CRZ Boundary at villages Dolvi, Khar and Jua Bapuji, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra

Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Sai Nagar Co-Operative Housing Vaz, S.C.boundary along and across plot bearing CTS Society Ltd., MumbaiNo. 1042(pt) of village Versova, Andheri (west), Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Orra Realtors Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai Vaz, S.C.boundary along and across plot bearing C.T.S. No. G/328A & G328B of village Bandra, at Santacruz (W), Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries Nagarjuna Agrichem Ltd. JawaharKumar, Ch.at NARUVA village, Ransthalam Mandal,Srikakulam Dist.

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Adani Power Dahej Ltd., Gujarat JawaharKumar, Ch.for the proposed thermal power plant at right bank of lower estuary of Narmada river, Gujarat

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Sun Ray Properties, Visakhapatnam JawaharKumar, Ch.at Chepala Kancheru village, Bhogapuram, Vizainagaram district, Andhra Pradesh

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

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Demarcation of HTL and Delineation of CRZ Alpha Environs, Mumbai Pathak, K.C.boundary along and across the site bearing CTS No 657(C) at village Kanjur Marg (E) Mumbai Maharashtra

Demarcation of HTL and Delineation of CRZ Ambolgadh Beach Resort Pvt. Ltd. Pathak, K.C.boundary along and across the plot located at Ambolgadh for Ambolgadh Beach Resort Private Ltd.

Demarcation of HTL and delineation of CRZ Ackruti City Pathak, K.C.boundary along and across the site bearing CTS NO B908, B909, B910, B911 (pt) of village bandra (w), H/west ward at Mount Mary hill, Khandeshwari Mandir Marg Mumbai, area 19868.41sq.mt

Demarcation of HTL, and CRZ boundary along Mr. Ravi Raj Tirodkar, G.M.the plot bearing C.S No. 5 (pt.) and 15 (pt) of Mahim Division, Adarsh Nagar, Worli, Mumbai,Maharashtra, for Sagar Darshan Co. Op. Hsg. Soc. Ltd.

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundary along S. Jadhwani Realtors Tirodkar, G.M.the plot bearing No. CTS No. G/414-B of village Bandra in H/west ward, Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ boundary for Yojana Infratech, Mumbai Tirodkar, G.M.plot bearing CTS No. E/44-B of village Bandra at 16th Road Khar(W) in H/west ward Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries Wlbur Smith Associates Pvt. Ltd. Satyanarayana, Raju Y.along the fishing villages of Pondicherry and Karaikal Coasts

Physical survey of High Tide line (HTL) and Omkar Realtors, Mumbai Prabaharan, N.500 mts distance regulatory line (on map) in respect of Plot No. 944, Mahim

Dredging scheme for facilitating flow of rain Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Paradip, SanilKumar, V.water through Jatadharmohan river at Paradip Orissa

Mathematical modelling studies for the coal Udangudi Power Corporation Ltd., SanilKumar, V.jetty alignment for the proposed 2x800 MW ChennaiUdangudi Super Critical Thermal Power Project

Preparation of risk assessment report for the Engineers India Ltd. SanilKumar, V.integrated crude handling marine facilities of Paradip

Oil spill risk assessment, modelling studies Gujarat Maritime Board Babu, M.T. and preparation of contingency plan for GMB Fondekar S.P.Ports-12 nos. (Porbandar, Veraval,Jafrabad,Jakhau, Magdalla, Alang, Bhavnagar, Dahej, Okha, Bedi, Navlakhi, Mandvi)

Mathematical modelling studies for the intake Udangudi Power Corporation Ltd. Babu, M.T.and outfall systems of cooling water for establishing coal based 2X800 MW Udangudi super critical thermal power project at Udangudi,

Hydrodynamic modelling and wave tranqulity Environ Software Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Sudheesh, K.study of Hazira Port Basin

Oceanographic studies off Manavalakurichi to Indian Rare Earths Ltd.ManavalakurichiKanyakumari Dist.

Mathematical Modeling studies

Tuticorin dist., Tamilnadu

DineshKumar, P.K.identify the processes of near shore sediment ManiMurali, R.transport controls Mahale, V.P.

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

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Measurements

Geological & Geophysical surveys

Engineering

Other Investigations

Current measurements near the Tug M.T. Hindustan Shipyard Ltd., Raju, N.S.N.Iswari during Bollard Pull Test in VisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam Outer Harbour

Hiring of services for Metocean Data Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., Murty, V.S.N.collection in deep waters of east coast of SanilKumar,V.

India: time series profiles of currents, Mehra, P.temperature, salinity, resistivity and turbidity, Sudheesh, K.at 7 pre-selected locations in the water depth range of 100 m to 700 m

Evaluation of wave, tide and current condition Ambuja Cements Ltd. SanilKumar, V.off Muldwaraka based on data collected for 4 months

Additional study for pre and post lay survey Public Work Department, Goa Tirodkar, G.M.for submarine pipeline across Mandovi river Old Goa (ferry point) to Diwar island

Additional work against Third Party inspection Dharti Dredging & Infra. Ltd., Tirodkar, G.M.of pre, mid & final dredging survey for the Hyderabadcapital dredging work off Goa Shipyard, Chicalim for GSL

Seabed surveys for inspection of 650 m and Mangalore Refinery and Subrahmanyam, V.700 m length submarine pipeline corridor of Petrochemicals Ltd., MangaloreMRPL

Vetting of the design report of MSEZ marine Mangalore SEZ Ltd. SanilKumar, V.outfall facility

Verification of diffuser assembly to be installed Hydroair Tectonics (SPD) Pvt. Ltd. SanilKumar, V.at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant

Model studies in KIM estuary and assessment Birla Cellulosic Sarma, R.V.of impact of zinc and BOD on marine environment

Feasibility study for sea water intake and Hetero Drugs Ltd., Sadhuram, Y.outfall for the proposed desalination plant ofNakkapalli

Acute toxicity, biodegradability and bio- Q'Max Solutions Inc. Mumbai Sreepada, R.A.concentration tests on synthetic base mud (SBM) for sensitive marine biota

Acute toxicity tests (LC50) for drilling mud Q'Max Solutions Inc., Mumbai Sreepada, R.A.samples to sensitive marine biota

Acute toxicity and biodegradability tests on Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sendirian Sreepada, R.A.Shell Saraline 200 synthetic based mud (SBM) Berhad, Malaysiaon marine biota

Acute toxicity test (bioassay) of drilling mud KMC Oil tools India Pvt. Ltd. Sreepada, R.A.sample Saraline 185 V to marine biota

Evaluation of oil spill dispersant by Spilcare-O Spilcare-O Metaclen Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Sreepada, R.A.Metaclen Pvt. Ltd. Chennai through dispersant efficiency test, emulsion stability and acute toxicity tests

Toxicological study of drilling fluid composition Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Sreepada, R.A. Dun

Offshore placer mineral exploration data of Rare (H) Minerals, Trichy, Tamil Nadu Gujar, A.R.areas between Mirya and Vijaydurg, Konkan coast, Maharashtra

Mumbai

Dehra

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

79

Studies on sea-level rise and long term Kalpasar Department, Govt. of Gujarat Unnikrishnan, A.S.Changes in regional climate along the Gujarat Coast

Underwater investigation for the presence of Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur Vora, K.H.corals in Arabian Sea near Kachhigarh Light House, Jamnagar dist., Gujarat

Technical Assistance Program - for Marine International Seabed Authority Sharma, R.Scientific Research (TAP-MAR)

Oceanographic observational component Department of Science and Technology, Shankar, D.during CTCZ New Delhi

Canacona Flash Floods Study Committee Department of Science, Technology, Shankar, D.and Environment (Govt. of Goa)

Partnerships for Sustainable Shrimp European Commission Sreepada, R.A. Aquaculture (PASSA)

Acoustic characterization of seafloor and National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chakraborty, B. related habitat studies using high frequency Chennaisystems- Application of Model and Model Free Techniques

Oceanographic observations in the southern Department of Science and Technology, Jyothibabu RBay of Bengal cold pool during CTCZ Pilot New DelhiPhase 2009

Study of the prevalence of human enteric Department of Science and Technology, Parvathi, A.bacterial and viral pathogens in the Periyar New Delhiand Cochin backwaters

Late quaternary paleo-climate and Department of Science and Technology, Rao, V.P.paleoceanography in the North Indian Ocean New Delhiusing isotopic and trace metal process from sediment cores and corals

CTCZ Pilot Phase 2009: XCTD observations Department of Science and Technology, Gopalakrishna, V.V.in the northern Bay of Bengal New Delhi

Microbial pathogens of corals and the events Ministry of Environment & Forest, Ravindran, J.of biotic and abiotic transformations in the New Delhiprocess of pathogenesis

Study of land-ocean tectonic lineaments Ministry of Earth Sciences seismology Subrahmanyam, V.over major offshore sedimentary basins and division( MoES)adjacent coastal regions over the Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) from geological and geophysical investigations

Studies on gas hydrate exploration and National Institute of Ocean Technology RamPrasad, T.technology development for its exploitation (NIOT), MOES, Chennai

Zooplankton production modeling Satellite Application Centre (ISRO), Matondkar, S.G.P.investigations Ahmedbad

Application of sea level data from SARAL- Satellite Application Centre (ISRO), Somayajulu, Y.K.AlTIKa Satellite Altimeter for monitoring the Ahmedbadcoastal regions of India

Validation of satellite altimeter measurements Satellite Application Centre (ISRO), Mehra, P.using sea-level and meteorological data from AhmedbadKarwar (West Coast of India) and Kavaratti Island (Lakshdweep Archipelago)

Re-establishes trace gas monitoring of climate-forcing gases at Cabo De Rama, India New Delhi

Grant-in-aid Projects

Department of Science & Technology, Borole, D.V.

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

80

RV Sindhu Sankalp

CRV Sagar Sukti

Trial 28-31 Jan. 10 Test scientific and ship based instrumentsAfzulpurkar, S.

01 11-13 Mar. 10 Trial maiden voyage from Kochi to MormugaoRao, P.S.

02 20-29 Mar. 10 Trials of various systems and deploy some ADCPFernando, V moorings along coast of India

03 31 Mar. to 5 Apr. 10 Trials of various systems and deploy some ADCP

Trial 17-18 Sep. 09 Testing, machinery, sampling and scientific equipmentGaonkar, S.S.

183 19-29 Sep. 09 Monitoring seasonal anoxia off west coast of IndiaShenoy, D.

184 2-3,6-7 Oct. 09 Trial of AVP DivesMascarenhas, A.

185 8-10 Oct. 09 Biological and geo-chemical significance ofCathrine S. the coastal regions off Goa

186 12-14 Oct. 09 Hydrographic conditions post monsoonMatondkar, S.G.P. upwellings, phytoplankton and pigments in the low

oxygen bottom, water, phytoplankton fractionated biomassand production, picoplankton-bacteria relationship, effect ofnutrients and low oxygen on primary production, validationof OCM-2 Geophysical Products

187 15-18 Oct. 09 Collection of water samples to detect hydrogen sulfide in Marathe, P. water column at different water depths and study the upper

layer sediments for availability of syngentic pyrite

188 20-25 Oct. 09 Physico-chemical study in coastal water off GoaKulkarni, V.K.

189 27 Oct. to 13 Nov. 09 Offshore Env monitoring in Mumbai High areaIngole, B.

190 13-14 Nov. 09 Hydrographic conditions post monsoon Matondkar, S.G.P. upwellings, phytoplankton and pigments in the low

oxygen bottom, water, phytoplankton fractionated biomassand production, picoplankton-bacteria relationship, effect ofnutrients and low oxygen on primary production, validationof OCM-2 Geophysical Products

191 16-22 Nov. 09 Chlorophyll measurement for SAC,AhmedabadMadhan, R.

192 24-28 Nov. 09 Geophysic SurveyRanade, G.

193 29 Nov. to 03 Dec. 09 Geophysic Survey off GoaChaubey, A.K.

194 5-10 Dec. 09 Geophysic SurveyMahale, V.

195 14-16 Dec. 09 Collect Chlorophyll dataAfzulpurkar, S.

196 3-10 Jan. 10 Geophysic Survey south of GoaKarisiddaiah, S.M.

198 15-17 Feb. 10 -do-Madhan, R.

Murty, V.S.N. moorings in KG basin area for ONGC

197 13-14 Jan. 10 Collect Chlorophyll dataNavelkar, G.

RESEARCH CRUISES

Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives

81

Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives

199 19-24 Mar. 10 Collect Chlorophyll data and SAC-2Mascarenhas, A.

258 16 Apr. to 3 May 09 Study of Trichodesmium bloomSuresh, T.

261 14 Jul. to 18 Aug. 09 Study the movement of the Continental TropicalSundar, D. Convergence Zone (CTCZ) in the northern and southern

portion of Bay of Bengal

264 25 Sep. to 31 Oct. 09 Carry out servicing of moorings at EIO under the MoESSuryanarayana, A. funded programmes of Ocean observing systems: long-term

measurements of currents in the EIO through deep seamoorings and biogio and chemical observations and collectXBT and surface met data

267 15 Jan. to 13 Feb. 10 Carry out multidisciplinary measurements under thePrasanna Kumar, S. MoES funded programme of Equatorial Indian Ocean

Processes – Dynamics and biogeochemistry

267 (Leg-I) 27 May to 15 Jun. 09 Studies on environment, productivity patterns, studies Sanjeevan, V.N. on sardine spawning and transport of eggs and larvae (CMLRE, Kochi) studies on benthic productivity and delieneate SM upwelling

in the west coast of India

267 (Leg-II) 6-15 Jun. 09 -do-Gauns, M.

268 (Leg-I 22 Jun. to 10 Jul. 09 Studies on environment, productivity patterns of the westSivaji, A. coast of India, studies of sardine spawning and transport (CMLRE, Kochi) of eggs and larvae, survey of marine mammals and delineate

SM upwelling

268 (Leg-II) 4-13 Jul. 09 -do-Gupta, G.V.M.(CMLRE, Kochi)

273 24 Feb. to 12 Mar. 10 Determine the spatial extent and optical characteristics Matondkar, S.G.P. of the bloom (underwater light field, absorption characteristic

of optical constituents), determine the rates of primary 14 15production ( C and N ), validate existing remote sensing

mixed –layer model of primary productivity developed for the bloom, determine P-I parameters, absorption characteristics of the winter bloom and vertical chlorophyll profile during winter bloom, measure new (export) primary production due to NO according to pre-set domains, comparison and 3

validation of atmospheric correction model, study of environmental conditions facilitating N.miliaris blooms in the open ocean waters off the Arabian Sea and oceanographic and meteorological conditions contributing to their enhanced frequency and magnitude

20 16 Oct. to 5 Nov. 09 Deploy the ADCP/current meter moorings of the west Fernando, V. coast of India

26 16-30 Apr. 09 Deploy the ADCP/current meter moorings of the eastFernando, V. coast of India

30 12 Jul. to 16 Aug. 09 Study the movement of the Continental TropicalVinaychandran, P.N. Convergence Zone (CTCZ) in the northern and southern

(IISC, Bangalore) portion of Bay of Bengal

23 Nov. to 5 Oct. 09 Collection of aerosols and sediment samples Ramaswamy, V.

18-21 Mar. 10 As part of the ongoing COMAPS project, field Alagarsamy, R. observations at Zuari mouth and transect monitoring at

Mormugao and Ratnagiri

ORV Sagar Kanya

CRV Sagar Sampada

CRV Sagar Manjusha

Sagar Nidhi

CRV Sagar Purvi

82

Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives

RV Akadamik Boris Petrov20 Apr. to 26 May 09 Acquire seabed and water column samples for geological,Mudholkar, A.V. chemical, physical and biological oceanography studies

related to tectonic and oceanographic processes over the Carisberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean

ABP-37 9 Jun. to 10 Jul. 09 For Cobalt crust project, in the area Afanasiy-Nikitin Jai Sankar, S. seamounts in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

ABP-38 9 Sep. to 7 Oct. 09 Under the project Environmental impact assessment ofValsangkar, A.B. nodule mining in Central Indian Ocean

ABP-39 31 Oct. to 26 Nov. 09 Survey of polymetallic nodulesDas, Pranab

ABP-40 23-30 Jan.10 Acquire the geophysical data, conduct CTD observation, Ray, Durbar collect water column and seabed samples over the

Carisberg Ridge region

83

Meetings/DiscussionsLokabharathi, P.A. USA 6-9 Apr. 09 Poster presentation at the International Census of

Marine Microbes (ICoMM ) meeting

-do- Netherlands 22-24 Sep. 09 International Census of Marine Microbes (ICoMM) Scientific Advisory Council Meeting

-do- USA 22-23 Nov. 09 First meeting, Inter Ridge/SCOR Working Group on“Hydrothermal Energy and Ocean Carbon Cycles” atWHOI

Dalal, S.G. Austria 16-21 Jun. 09 Steering Committee meeting & Ansari, Z.A. meeting of all partners of Matondkar, S.G.P. & toSreepada, R.A.

Sarma, V.V.S.S. UK 25-26 Jun. 09 Surface Ocean CO Atlas (SOCAT) Atlantic-Indian-2

Southern Ocean Regional meeting at University of East Anglia

Saraswat, R. USA 6-11 Jul. 09 Present paper in “Past climate change”

Anil, A.C. Brazil 26 -31 Jul. 09 VIIIth meeting in Biofouling, Biocorrosion and Benthic Ecology (BIONC) and to deliver key note lecture

Sreepada, R.A. Switzerland 2-10 Oct. 09 Visit zoology museum, University of Zurich for discussions on sea horse research

Germany Visit University of Hannover for discussions and formulation of project proposal under FP7 of EC

Belgium Visit ARC, University of Gent for discussions and formulation of project under FP7 of EC

Ramesh Kumar, M.R. Germany 5-9 Oct. 09 Joint meeting with LMD, France, Max Planck Institute of Meteorology, and DeutscherWatterdienst on the collaboration concerning the Indo-French Mega tropic mission and for discussion on a usage of

Patil, J.S. & China 18-21 Oct. 09 Second Global Ecology and Matondkar, S.G.P. 22-25 Oct. 09 Science meeting On Harmful Algal Blooms and

Eutrophication (HABs)

stRamaiah, N. China 27-30 Oct. 09 1 meeting of the Scientific Committeeon Ocean Research (SCOR) Working Group on Marine Microbial Carbon Pump (SCOR WG 134)

Ingole, B.S. Belgium 16-17 Nov. 09 Meeting of the Ocean Biogeographic System (OBIS) Managers Committee

Divakar Naidu, P. USA 13-19 Dec. 09 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting-2009

Matondkar, S.G.P. USA 13-27 Dec. 09 Collaborative Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF), participate in meeting to assess the status of data analysis, discuss plans for forthcoming cruise, to visit Bigelow Laboratory and to participate in field work on bio-optical studies in Gulf of Maine

Rao, P.V. UK 4-5 Feb. 10 Post cruise meeting of the cruise YK08-11

General BodyEC funded project and also

participate in second AQUAGRIS workshop

potential collaboration with NIO on thefuture version of HOAPS data

Oceanography Open

stat PAGES 1rdYoung Scientist meeting and PAGES 3 Open

Science meeting

DEPUTATIONS Scientist Country Duration Purpose

84

Nigam, R. USA 22-26 Feb. 10 2010 Ocean Science Meeting at Portland, Oregon

Kamesh Raju, K.A. & USA 1-3 Apr. 09 Workshop on Deep Sea Mining of Seafloor MassiveNath, N.B. Sulfides : a reality for Science and Society in the

21st century and visit Marine Geology and Geophysics Dept at WHOI

Karapurkar, S.G. Austria 18-19 Apr. 09 International Workshop on “Strategies toimprove measurement quality of Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometers and Laser based Isotope Analysers”

Krishna, K.S. & Austria 19-24 Apr. 09 General Assembly 2009 of the European Geosciences Union

Krishna, K.S. UK 25 Apr. to Work on Deformation Processes in the CentralIndian Ocean and Afanasy Nikitin Seamount at National Oceanography Centre

Kanojia, V. Germany 11-14 May 09 Conference entitled OCEAN 2009 IEEE

Ingole, B.S. USA 11-15 May 09 Workshop on “Impacts of Productivity Gradients on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in the Abyss”

Babu, M.T. France 11-15 May 09 Workshop on “Precision Observations of Vertical Land Motion at tide gauges” and 11th Session ofthe Group of Experts on GLOSS

-do- Cameroon 23-27 Nov. 09 IOC Workshop on Decision Support Tools for Coastal Zone

Babu, M.T.& Tanzania 9-21 Nov. 09 Training sessions at the Workshop inSudheesh, K. support of the ReCoMap Project “Empowering NSAs

in Tanzania to plan for Sustainable Coastal Livelihood using decision support tools”

Gopalakrishna, V.V. Switzerland 18-22 May 09 5th Session of the JCOMM Ship Observation Team (SOT-V)

-do- China 9-12 Sep. 09 6th International Symposium on Digital Earth (ISDE6)

-do- Italy 21-26 Sep. 09 Ocean Obs '09 Conference at Venice & discussions on the temperature bias paper with Dr. Tim Boyer (NODC)

Ramesh Kumar, M.R. Greece 31 May to 2nd International Summit on Hurricanesand Climate Change

Murty, V.S.N. France 3-5 Jun. 09 6th session of CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel (IOP-6)

Patil, J.S. Ireland 15-19 Jun. 09 Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) modelling Workshop

Borole, D.V. Switzerland 21-26 Jun. 09 Conference on “Our volatile planet” – Godschmidt 2009

Anil, A.C. UK 13-17 Jul. 09 Member of Indian delegation to attend the fifty ninth session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO)

-do- -do- 22-26 Mar. 10 Member of Indian delegation to attend the 60th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO)

Joseph, A.K. Russia 14-17 Jul. 09 24th International Tsunami Symposium

Workshops/Conferences/Symposia/Sessions

Desa, M.A.

3 May 09

5 Jun. 09

and

Scientist Country Duration Purpose

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Scientist Country Duration Purpose

Technical Workshop on Tsunami Measurements and Real-Time Detection at Russian Academy of Sciences

Shetye, S.R. Brazil 10-14 Aug. 09 Deliver a talk on “Indo-Brazil Cooperative research in

Focus” at Universidada Federal Do Rio De Janeiro

Ramaiah, N. Singapore 11-15 Aug. 09 6th AOGS Conference at SuntecPrasanna Kumar, S.Vethamony, P.Borole, D.V.Sarma, V.V.S.S.Mani Murali, R. &Babu, M.T. 9-17 Aug. 09 -do-

and discussions regarding research on storm surge data analysis with Dr. Pavel Tikalich, Tropical Marine Science Institute

Rao, P.S. Spain 16-19 Sep. 09 World Fishing Exhibition at Vigo

Biswas, H. Italy 16-26 Sep. 09 Workshop on Ocean Biology Observations and OceanObs'09 Conference at Venice

-do- Germany 27-30 Sep. 09 Give talk at IFM-GEOMAR and hold discussions at Kiel

Somayajulu, Y.K. Italy 17-25 Sep. 09 3rd Coastal Altimetry Workshop, discussions with collaborating scientists Dr. Paolo (NOCS,UK), Dr Stefano (CNR, Italy) and Dr Jerome (ESA, Italy) and Ocean Obs '09 Conference at Venice

Prasanna Kumar, S. Italy 21-25 Sep. 09 Ocean Obs '09 Conference at Venice

-do- China 2-5 Dec. 09 5th International Workshop on Marine Environmental Change of the South China Sea

Chaubey, A.K. Iran 25 Sep. to Discussions and provide geological training to scientists at Marine Geology Dept. of GSI, Iran

Dileep Kumar, M. France 27-30 Oct. 09 XVII Session of the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS) at IOC (UNESCO), Paris

Sarma, V.V.S.S. Japan 8-13 Feb. 10 Ocean CO Sensor Symposium at JAMSTEC and 2

meeting of the study of oxygen triple isotopes in aquatic ecosystems at Nagoya University

Reddy, G.V. France 29-31 Mar. 10 International Marine Data and Information Systems Conference 2010

Jagtap, T.G. Germany 6 Apr. to Visit Hannover University to acquaint the activities, facilities, complementary skills etc. and

tofinalize the proposal to be submitted under the auspices of Indo-German S&T Centre (IGSTC) and also visit ZMT Bremen for further discussions towards the submission of proposals under IGSTC

Mascarenhas, A. Portugal 20 May to Indo-Portugal S&T programme of Madhan, R. Science & Technology to Dabholkar, N. &Desa, E. 29 May to

10 Jun. 09

Marine Sciences during seminar entitled “India in

9 Oct. 09

15 Nov. 09

cooperation in5 Jun. 09 develop Marine robots for

oceanographic applications

Trainings, Fellowships, etc.

86

Sarkar, A. France 25 May to Fellowship at ENSIL, and deliver a series of lectures and have interactions with faculties in the field of environmental science and ecotoxicology

ndNaqvi, S.W.A. Germany 1 Jun. to 2 Phase of Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship to work at Max-Planck Institute of Marine Microbiology, Bremen

Gopalakrishna, V.V. USA 7 Jun. to Visit World Data Center for Oceanography for conducting scientific research and exchanging information on quality control of XBT data with Dr. Tim Boyer and also School of Oceanography, University of Washington to discuss on profiling float and glider technology, surface drifters and XBT deployments

Anil, A.C. Saudi Arabia 28 Jun. to Presentation of R & D Project report Sawant, S.S. & “Environmental analysis of ballast water

for Al-Sinyar Contracting Est”

Kamesh Raju, K.A. France 1-23 Jul. 09 Indo-French bilateral collaborative project funded by IFCPAR, New Delhi

Prabhu, G.A. Japan 18-21 Jul. 09 Training in newly installed X- Ray Diffractometer System Ultima IV

Premkumar, M.K. & UK 22 Jul. to 3 Aug. 09 Training and to get acquainted with Rao, Mohana, K. 26 Jul. to 2 Aug. 09 (digital model) side scan

and servicing

Sawant, S.S. UK 22 Jul. to 15 Aug. 09 Proposed experiment regarding the ongoing UKIERI funded collaborative research program at New Castle University

Sardar, A. France 4-7 Aug. 09 Equipment training in oceanographic Agarvadekar, Y. & release – Ocean 2500 Satelkar, N.P.

Saraswat, R. USA 1 Oct. 09 to Indo-US Research Fellowship-2009 awarded by USSTF for conducting advance research in the areas of Atmospheric & Earth Sciences at the University of California

Naik, G.P. & Romania 19-31 Oct. 09 Training in installation, commissioning, D'Souza, A.C. maintenance and trouble shooting of Oceanographic

Direct pull winch, hydographic winch and stern “A” frame awarded by IUSSTF for conducting advance research in the areas of Atmospheric & Earth Sciences at the University of California

Ramaswamy, V. Iran 23 Oct. to 11 Nov. 09 Give lectures and impart training to GSI scientists in Marine Geology specially on sedimentological aspects so that sample gathering and analysis is done systematically using the latest accepted techniques

Prabha Devi Italy 16 Nov. to 6 Dec. 09 Visit the Instituto di Chimica Biomolecolare to work under the CSIR(NIO)-CNR(ICB) collaborative bilateral exchange programme

Kessarkar, P. & China 14 Dec.09 to 15 Jan.10 Implement joint collaborative project Biswas, H. 17 Dec.09 to 17 Jan.10 “Change in River discharges driven by monsoon and

its influence on the biogeochemical progress of marine environment”

Ramaiah, N. Japan 1 Jan to 31 Mar. 10 Foreign research fellowship (Leave due and

24 Jul. 09

30 Nov. 09

9 Jul. 09

3 Jul. 09 entitled

Desai, D.V.

new versionsonar system in operation

acousticUniversal AR 861B2S

28 Feb 10

operations,

entitled

Scientist Country Duration Purpose

87

Scientist Country Duration Purpose

admissible) to serve as a visiting professor at the Univ. of Tokyo for working on “Comparitive study on bacterial community structure and production rates in coastal environments between India and Japan”

Yatheesh V. France 6-18 Jan. 10 Ongoing bilateral collaborative project funded by IFCPAR entitled “Deciphering history of the Indo-Eyrasia collision from detailed plate tectonics of the Indian Ocean”

Anil, A.C. Hong Kong 25-28 Jan. 10 Member of working group for one of the marine working groups for GEF Medium sized Project “Enhancing the use of Science of International Waters” implemented by UNEP

Kessarkar, P. & UK 21-26 Feb. 10 Training on Minispin magnetometer,Dewangan, P. 22-27 Feb. 10 AF-demagnetizer, Pulse magnetizer and X-T system

Dewangan, P. USA 4 May to 27 Jun. 09 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) onboard JOIDES Resolution in PEAT-II Expedition 321

Sarma, V.V.S.S. Mauritius 27 Nov. to 18 Dec. 09 Oceanographic cruise onboard Japanese vessel RV Hakuomaru KH-09-5 leg-2 and leg-3 for collection of water samples from Cochin to Cape Town as part of Indian Geotraces program, including a port call at Mauritius

Cruise participation

88

Events

89

National workshop

Teambuilding Workshop

Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological Research workshop

Training course for naval officers

During 3-5 April, a three-day National workshop wasorganized by the Department of Science andTechnology, New Delhi in collaboration with NIO. Themain aim of this workshop was to monitor the grant-in-aids project sanctioned by DST under WOS-A scheme ofLife Sciences. 44 participants from different parts of thecountry attended, besides this 22 experts from differentnational laboratories were also present. The financialsupport was provided by DST.

NIO Project Leaders' Teambuilding Workshop wasconducted by Mr. Ian Dean, as Coach and Facilitator,South Africa. A total of 40 project leaders attended thisworkshop which was held during 6-7 April. Theparticipants were grouped in different teams to work onthe issues discussed during the workshop. Towards theend of the workshop the groups presentedrecommendations for the action.

Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and EcologicalResearch workshop held during 13-14 April

Long 'Hydrography' training course in "IndustrialOffshore Surveys" for the naval officers deputed by theNational Hydrographic School, Vasco-da-Gama wasconducted from 20 April 2009 to 15th May 2009 at theinstitute. The course included imparting practicalknowledge to the participants on operation of geologicaland geophysical equipment and acquisition ofunderway data in addition to theory classes. Total 8participants - 2 Indian Navy, 2 Sri Lankan Navy, 1Australian Navy, 2 Myanmar Navy and 1 RoyalMalaysian Navy officers participated in the programme.

ISBA Ocean workshopndThe institute organized the 2 IBSA (India-Brazil-South

Africa) Ocean workshop, during 4-8 May 2009. The

purpose of the workshop was to identify the potentialareas of interest among the 3 participating countriesand the names of the scientist/researcher who wereinvolved, and to prepare a draft science plan under eachof the 4 broad areas.

Fundamentals of Oceanography course was organizedby the National Institute of Oceanography during 17-29May, 2009. This course was organized for the visitingsummer trainees, a total of 41 summer interns and 15research students from NIO attended the programme.About 30 lectures in various disciplines ofoceanography were delivered during the course. Anevaluation (test) was conducted at the end andcertificate was issued to all the participants.

The Committee of the Official Language of the NIOorganized a one day Seminar in Hindi on “VaishwikUshnata: Jalvayau Parivartna ke Pariprexsh men”

rd(Global Warming: In context of climate change) on 3August, 2009 at the institute. Dr. Satish R. Shetye,Director, NIO welcomed the gathering, Prof. K.S.Valdiya, Padmashree awardee (2007), a well knownHimalayan Geologist inaugurated the seminar. Over 25presentations dealing with various aspects of globalwarming and their long term impact were presented.On this occasion a Hindi book “Sagarbodh” publishedby the National Institute of Oceanography was released

Fundamentals of Oceanography course

Hindi Seminar

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which contains latest information on various aspects ofOcean research. Dr. Z.A. Ansari was the convener of theseminar.

The National Institute of Oceanography celebratedst thHindi Pakhwada during 1 to 14 September 2009.

During these two weeks different Hindi competitionsand programmes for NIO staffs and for their childrenwere held. As a special attraction a mega confluence of

thhumor and satire was also organized on 11 September(Friday) in which prominent poets across the countryparticipated. The poets led by Sri ChakachondhGyanpuri (Dr. A.K. Srivastav) and comprising MsPurnima Bharatiya, Shri Saleem Shivalvee, Shri Sabrashaathrasi and Shri Albela Kshtri kept the audiencemesmerized with humor and laughter.

Hindi Pakhwada

On this occasion Dr. Zakir Ali Ansari and Dr. A. K. Saranof NIO were awarded 'Rajbhasha Ratna Alankaran' byRasvarsha Sansthan, Varanasi for excellent supportand contribution toward the progressive use of Hindi inNIO.

NIO Library (NICMAS) conducted ASFA Advisory Boardmeeting during 7-11 September. Board members from25 countries attended the meeting. NIO is Indiannational partner of ASFA (Aquatic Sciences andFisheries Abstracts) and is considered as one of the mostactive partners in the group. It reports bibliographic andabstracts information of about 800 published articles

ASFA Advisory Board meeting

per year published in India in the field of marine andaquatic sciences assisted by the Central Institute ofFishery Technology. ASFA Advisory Board meets everyyear and takes stock of the developments during theyear, frames the policies and plans for the upcomingyear for implementation. The secretariat of thisinternational cooperative information system is at theFood and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations in Rome, Italy.

Foundation day of its parental organization wasthcelebrated on 26 September. This year, Prof. Madhav

Gadgil was the main guest of the programme. Prof.Gadgil a noted biologist and widely acknowledgedecologist,he has recieved several national andinternational awards such as Padmabhushan Sanman,Bhatnagar Award, Vikram Sarabhai Award, VolvoAward, etc. He has published over 150 scientific papersand has authored 6 books.

CSIR Foundation Day Celebrations

Prof. Gadgil interacted with higher secondary andundergraduate science students of all schools/collegesof Goa at 10.00 AM. The topics for interaction were:Evolution of Life on Earth, Human Evolution, Future ofLife and Biodiversity Conservation. The participatingstudents submitted one question each related to theabove fields before the program. Prizes were awarded tothree best questions. Dr. V.K. Banakar coordinated theprogram.

In the afternoon Prof. Gadgil also delivered the CSIRFoundation Day Lecture, “Major Transitions inEvolution” at 4.00 PM in the NIO auditorium - TheCardium. Prof. Madhav Gadgil, in his lecture briefed onhow the life evolved and the transitions took placeduring the process of evolution over the last 3.8 billion years. During the process of evolution how complexorganisms, animal societies and biotic communitieshave replicated and diversified. He visualized this saga of life on earth as involving nine major transitions andindicated that the culmination of evolution of artifacts tothe present day information and communicationtechnology has brought us to the threshold of a tenthmajor transition - Language based human societies -to-Human societies with global access to entire stock ofhuman knowledge.

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NIO Foundation Dayt h1 January 2010 44 NIO Foundation Day was

celebrated on the campus, the institute was open to thecommon public. On this occasion Prof. M. Vijayan,President, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi,delivered a public lecture on Structural Biology ofMycobacterial Proteins.

Prof.Vijayan, had pioneered study of biologicalmacromolecular ceystallography in India, his researchinterest include structural studies involving lectins, TBand other mycobacterial proteins, protein hydrationand mobility and supramolecular association of aminoacids and peptides with emphasis on its relevance tochemical evolution and origin of life. He has 230scientific publications to his credit.

Earlier during the day the Director NIO, Dr. Satish RShetye, addressed the staff and handed away theFoundation Day awards to the deserving staff members.

Shri Prithviraj Chavan, Hon'able Minister for Science &thTechnology, Govt. of India visited the Institute on 15

February, 2010. He was appraised of the work that isbeing carried out at this institute which includedservices to Indian industry and research of strategicimportance to the country. He also visited couple oflaboratories to understand the activities and projects ofnational importance that have been taken up by NIO.

Visit of Hon'able Minister for Science & Technology

Faculty Training and Motivation Programme

CPYLS organized at NIO

During 20-23 October Faculty Training and MotivationProgramme of CSIR was held at the institute. Thetraining aimed at upgrading the knowledge base of theparticipants in new emerging areas of science and toprovide opportunities for interaction and exchange ofideas with the scientific community. It was felt that thiswould improve the standard of teaching science andtherefore students at large would be the finalbeneficiaries (11 science teachers from various schoolsof Goa participated).

The CSIR Programme on Youth for Leadership inScience (CPYLS) was organized at the institute duringthe 1 – 2 December. 14 teachers/parents and 45talented students from the ICSE, CBSE and Goa boardattended the programme.

The main aim of CPYLS was to attract the best schoolstudents towards science through a unique 'handhandling' experience, and also encouraging them totake science as an exciting, rewarding and fulfillingcareer. The two days program was planned in a mannerthat would enthuse the students to know more aboutcurrent scientific developments. Through every lecture,the theme conveyed was that good science alone canlead to overall progress. Open forum, discussions,interactions, visits to labs of interest, were the essence of the two day programme.

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Presentations on select research projects were held. Headdressed the NIO staff and also inaugurated theBiology Wing Extension. A press conference was heldduring this visit, while talking to the press he stressedon the need for the research in the EEZ of India andAntarctica and expressed his satisfaction on the workthat is being carried out by NIO and by the NationalCentre for Antarctic and Oceanic Research of theMinistry of Earth Sciences located at Vasco-da-Gama.

The Institute participated in the following exhibitions:

Health Exhibition at Shri Kamaxidevi Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Shiroda, Goa, 10-13 December, 2009

Festival Quark - 2010 organized by BITS-Pilani, Goa campus, 4-7 February, 2010

Science Fiesta-2010 at Goa Science Centre, Miramar, 25-27 February, 2010

Exhibitions

Extra-mural human resource development

Capacity building programs for external agencies following programmes were organized/ conducted :

Internship of Foreign students – 11

Research students at NIO - 71

Summer training/dissertation of Indian students - 295

26 September

Students' interaction with Prof. Madhav Gadgil(250 science students and 16 teachers haveparticipated in science interaction program onthe occasion of CSIR Foundation day. Threebest questions and three good questions wereappreciated with prizes and certificates. Thetopics of discussion were “Evolution of life onearth”; “Human evolution”; “Future of life onearth” and “Conservation of biodiversity”).

25 October - 19 December

Technical Assistance Program for MarineScientific Research (TAPMAR). The course wasfunded by International Sea Bed Authority (3students participated - Argentina, Nigeria andSriLanka)

Organisation Area Duration NIO Coordinator

International Collaborations

Proudman Oceanographic Sea level science and space 27.05.2009 - A.S. UnnikrishnanLaboratory, Liverpool, UK geodesy; science and 26.05.2014

monitoring of shelf seas;ocean modeling; oceanengineering; and technologyresearch exchanges

Woods Hole Oceanographic Palaeoceanography; 19.06.2009 - V. RamaswamyInstitution, USA sedimentary processes and 18.06.2014

gas hydrates

National University of Ocean dynamics, advanced 16.10.2009 - P. VethamonySingapore ocean sampling technologies, 15.10.2012

marine environment, biologyand ecology

Chilika Development Authority, Sustainable management of 28.08.2009 - R.A. SreepadaBhubaneswar Chilika lagoon through regular 27.08.2014

environmental monitoring programmes

VEA Automation and Transfer of Autonomous 04.09.2009 - Elgar Desa andRobotics Pvt. Ltd., Underwater Vehicle (AUV) 03.09.2014 R. MadhanCoimbatore, TN technology: MAYA

Environ Software (Pvt.) Ltd., Ecosystem modeling for Cochin 15.01.2010 - Parameswaran PSBangalore backwaters 07.05.2013

Larsen and Toubro Limited, Transfer of Autonomous 24.02.2010 - Elgar Desa andMumbai Underwater Vehicle (AUV) 23.02.2015 R. Madhan

Technology: MAYA

IPSHEM (ONGC), Goa Oceanographic studies 05.03.2010 - Baban Ingole04.03.2015

Ernst & Young Pvt. Ltd., Feasibility study for a Marine 30.03.2010 - N. RamaiahHyderabad Biotech Park at Jamnagar,

Gujarat

National Collaborations

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Awards/RecognitionConsidered for an Associate of the Indian Academy of Sciences Dr. Pawan Dewangan

COLLABORATIONS

PATENTS & PUBLICATIONS

94

PATENTS GRANTED

PUBLICATIONS

ABROAD

INDIA

PAPERS IN SCI JOURNALS

A process for production of lowtemperature active alkaline proteasefrom a deep-sea fungus ChandralataRaghukumar, Samir RavikantDamare, Usha Devi Muraleedharan(EP1692296 dt15/04/2009)

Vortex diode as an apparatus forfilteration and disinfection of seawater/ship's ballast water and amethod thereof - Ranade Vivek V.,Pandit, Anil Arga Chandrasekhar,Sawant Subhash Shivram, IlangovanD a n d a y u p a n i , M a d h a nRajachandran, PIL (7585416 dt.08/09/2009)

A process for enzymatic deinking ofprinted papers - ChandralataRaghukumar, Chellandi Mohandass,Antonio Mascarenhas, VijayakumarK a n o j i a ( S E 5 3 2 3 9 6 C 2dt.12/01/2010)

Process for biological deinking of officew a s t e p a p e r - Ch a n d r a l a t aRaghukumar, Chellandi Mohandass,Ol iv iera Te lma, RaghukumarSaeshgiri, Chandramohan D., LokaBharathi P.A., Nair Shanta (7645358dt. 12/01/2010)

A novel pressure housing for in-waterpressure based systems - Desa E.,Naik G.P., Joseph A., Desa E.S.,Mehra P., Kumar V., Prabhudesai S.Nagv eka r S .M . ( 238750 d t .18/02/2010)

Aboobacker, V.M., Vethamony, P.,Sudheesh, K., Rupali, S.P. Spectralcharacteristics of the nearshore wavesoff Paradip, India during monsoon andextreme events. Nat. Hazards, 49(2),2009:311-323.

Alagarsamy, R. Environmentalmagnetism and application in thecontinental shelf sediments of India.Mar. Environ. Res., 68(2), 2009:49-58.

Alagarsamy, R., You, C-F., Nath, B.N.,SijinKumar, A.V. Determination ofrare earth, major and trace elementsin authigenic fraction of Andaman Sea(Northeastern Indian Ocean)sediments by inductively coupledp l a s m a - m a s s s p e c t r o m e t r y .Microchem. J., 94(1), 2010:90-97.

Alagarsamy, R., Zhang, J. Geochemicalcharacterisation of major and traceelements in the coastal sediments ofIndia. Environ. Monit. Assess., 61(1-4), 2010:161-176.

Alkawri, A.A.S., Ramaiah, N. Spatio-temporal variability of dinoflagellateassemblages in different salinityregimes in the west coast of India.Harmful Algae, 9(2), 2010:153-162.

Badarinath, K.V.S., Kharol, S.K.,Sharma, A.R., Ramaswamy, V.,Kaskaoutis, D.G., Kambezidis, H.D.Investigations of an intense aerosolloading during 2007 cyclone SIDR - a study using satellite data and groundmeasurements over Indian region.Atmos. Environ., 43(24), 2009:3708-3716.

Bhagirathan, U., Meenakumari, B.,Jayalakshmy, K.V., Panda, S.K.,Madhu, V.R., Vaghela, D.T. Impact ofbottom trawling on sedimentcharacteristics - a study along inshorewaters off Veraval coast, India.Environ. Monit. Assess., 160(1-4),2010:355-369.

Bhattacharya, S.K., Borole, D.V.,Francey, R.J., Allison, C.E., Steele,L.P., Krummel, P., Langenfelds, R.,Masarie, K.A., Tiwari, Y.K., Patra, P.K.Trace gases and CO isotope records2

from Cabo de Rama, India. Curr. Sci.,97(9), 2009:1336-1344.

Biju, A., Gireesh, R., Jayalakshmi, K.V.,Haridevi, C.K., Panampunnayil, S.U.Seasonal abundance, ecology,reproductive biology, and biochemicalcomposit ion of Mesopodopsisorientalis W.M. Tattersall (Mysidacea)from a tropical estuary (CochinBackwater) in India. Crustaceana,82(8), 2009:981-996.

Biju, A., Panampunnayil, S.U. Mysids(Crustacea) from the shallow watersoff Maharashtra and south Gujarat,India, with description of a newspecies. Mar. Biol. Res., 5(4),2009:345-362.

Bull, J.M., DeMets, C., Krishna, K.S.,Sanderson, D.J., Merkouriev, S.Reconciling plate kinematic andseismic estimates of lithosphericconvergence in the central IndianOcean. Geology, 38(4), 2010:307-310.

Bulow, S.E., Rich, J.J., Naik, H.,Pra t ihary , A .K . , Ward , B .B .Denitrification exceeds anammox as anitrogen loss pathway in the ArabianSea oxygen minimum zone. Deep-SeaRes. (I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap., 57(3),2010:384-393.

Chakraborty, P. Study of cadmium-humic interactions and determinationof stability constants of cadmium-humate complexes from theirdiffusion coefficients obtained byscanned stripping voltammetry anddynamic lights. Anal. Chim. Acta,659(1-2), 2010:137-143.

Dalal, S.G., Shirodkar, P.V., Jagtap,T.G., Naik, B.G., Rao, G.S. Evaluation

of significant sources influencing thevariation of water quality of Kandlacreek, Gulf of Katchchh, using PCA.Environ. Monit. Assess., 163(1-3),2010:49-56.

Dalal, S.G., Shirodkar, P.V., Verlekar,X.N., Jagtap, T.G., Rao, G.S.Apportionment of sources affectingwater quality: case study of KandlaCreek, Gulf of Katchchh. Environ.Forensics, 10(2), 2009:101-106.

Damare , V . , Raghukumar , S .Association of the stramenopilanprotists, the aplanochytrids, withzooplankton of the equatorial IndianOcean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 399,2010:53-68.

Das, P., Iyer, S.D. Geochemicalcharacterization of oceanic basaltsusing artificial neural network.Geochem. Trans., 10, 2009:11 pp.

De, C., Chakraborty, B. Acousticcharacterization of seafloor sedimentemploying a hybrid method of neuralnetwork architecture and fuzzyalgorithm. IEEE Geosci. RemoteSens. Lett., 6(4), 2009:743-747.

Desa, E.S., Madhan, R., Maurya, P.K.,Navelkar, G.S., Mascarenhas,A . A . M . Q . , P r a b h u d e s a i , S . ,Afzulpurkar, S., Desa, E., Pascoal,A.M., Nambiar, M. The detection ofannual hypoxia in a low latitudefreshwater reservoir in Kerala, India,using the small AUV Maya. Mar.Technol. Soc. J., 43(3), 2009:60-70.

Desa, M., Ramana, M.V., Ramprasad, T.Evolution of the Late Cretaceous crustin the equatorial region of theNorthern Indian Ocean and itsimplication in understanding theplate kinematics. Geophys. J. Int.,77(3), 2009:1265-1278.

Desai, D.V., Prakash, S. Physiologicalresponses to hypoxia and anoxia inBalanus amphitrite (Cirripedia:Thoracica). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 390,2009:157-166.

Desai, S.R., Verlecar, X.N., Ansari, Z.A.,Jagtap, T.G., Sarkar, A., Vashistha,D., Dalal S.G. Evaluation of genotoxicresponses of Chaetoceros tenuissimusand Skeletonema costatum to wateraccommodated fraction of petroleumhydrocarbons as biomarker ofexposure. Water Res., 44(7),2010:2235-2244.

DeSouza, L., PrabhaDevi, Kamat, T.,Naik, C.G. Diffuse reflectancei n f r a r e d f o u r i e r t r a n s f o r mspectroscopic (DRIFTS) investigationof E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus andCandida albicans. Indian J. Mar. Sci.,38(1), 2009:45-51.

DeSouza , M .J .B .D . , Na i r , S . ,LokaBharathi, P.A., Chandramohan,D. Abundance and production ofparticle-associated bacteria and their

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role in a mangrove-dominatedestuary. Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 57(2),2009:151-159.

DeSouza-Ticlo, D., Sharma, D.,Raghukumar, C. A thermostableme ta l - t o l e r an t l a c cas e w i thbioremediation potential from amarine-derived fungus. Mar.Biotechnol., 11(6), 2009:725-737.

D e S o u z a - T i c l o , D . , G a r g , S . ,Raghukumar, C. Effects andinteractions of medium componentson laccase from a marine-derivedfungus using response surfacemethodology. Mar. Drugs, 7(4),2009:672-688.

Dhale, M.A., VijayRaj, A.S. Pigment andamylase production in Penicillium spNIOM-02 and its radical scavengingactivity. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol.,44(12), 2009: 2424-2430.

Dinesh Kumar, P.K., Srinivas, K.,Muraleedharan, K.R., Thottam, T.J.Observed mixed standing-wavesignatures in Cochin estuary on thesouthwest coast of India. J. Coast.Res., 25(5), 2009:1106-1113.

DivyaShridhar, M.P., Mahajan, G.B.,Kamat, V.P., Naik, C.G., Parab, R.R.,Thakur , N .R . , M i shra , P .D .Antibacterial activity of 2- (2'; 4'-D i b r o m o p h e n o x y ) - 4 ; 6 -dibromophenol from Dysideagranulose. Mar. Drugs,7(3), 2009,464-471.

F e r n a n d e s , V . , R a m a i a h , N .Mesozooplankton community in theBay of Bengal (India): spatialvariability during the summermonsoon. Aquat. Ecol., 43(4),2009:951-963.

Foltz, G.R., Vialard, J., PraveenKumar,B., McPhaden, M.J. Seasonal mixedlayer heat balance of the southwesterntropical Indian Ocean. J. Clim., 23(4),2010:947-965.

Gaonkar, C., Sawant, S.S., Anil, A.C.,Venkat, K., Harkantra, S.N. Mumbai h a r b o r , I n d i a : g a t e w a y f o rintroduction of marine organisms.Environ. Monit. Assess., 163(1-3),2010:583-589.

Garg, A., Anton-Martin, R., Garcia-Luque, E., Riba, I., DelValls, T.A.Distribution of butyltins (TBT, DBT,MBT) in sediments of Gulf of Cadiz(Spain) and its bioaccumulation in theclam Ruditapes philippinarum.Ecotoxicology, 18(8), 2009:1029-1035.

Gireesh, R., Biju, A., Muthiah, P.Biochemical changes during larvaldevelopment in the short neck clam,Paphia malabarica Chemnitz.Aquacult. Res., 40(13), 2009:1510-1515.

Gireesh, R., Gopinathan, C.P. Effects ofcopper on development and survivalrate of Paphia malabarica Chemnitzlarvae under low saline condition.Environ. Monit. Assess., 155(1-4),2009:455-458.

Gooday, A.J., Bett, B.J., Escobar, E.,Ingole, B.S., Levin, L.A., Neira, C.,

Raman, A.V., Sellanes, J. Habitatheterogeneity and its influence onbenthic biodiversity in oxygenminimum zones. Mar. Ecol. (Evol.Persp.), 31(1), 2010:125-147.

Gooday, A.J., Jorissen, F., Levin, L.A.,Middelburg, J.J., Naqvi, S.W.A.,Rabalais, N.N., Scranton, M., Zhang,J. Historical records of coastaleutrophication-induced hypoxia.Biogeosciences, 6(8), 2009:1707-1745.

Govi, P., Naidu, P.D. Evaporation-precipitation changes in the easternArabian Sea for the last 68 ka:implications on monsoon variability.Paleoceanography, 25, 2010:11 pp,doi:10.1

Gujar, A.R., Ambre, N.V., Mislankar,P.G., Iyer, S.D. Imenite, magnetiteand chromite beach placers fromsouth Maharashtra, central westcoast of India. Resour. Geol., 60(1),2010:71-86.

G u j a r , A . R . , A n g u s a m y , N . ,Rajamanickam, G.V. Provenancesignature of pre-cambrian andmesozoic rocks in the nearshoreplacers of Konkan, central west coasto f Ind ia . Mar . Georesour .Geotechnol., 27(2), 2009:115-131.

Gupta, G.V.M., Thottathil, S.D.,Balachandran, K.K., Madhu, N.V.,Madeswaran, P., Nair, S. CO2

supersaturation and net heterotrophyin a tropical estuary Cochin, India:influence of anthropogenic effect -carbon dynamics in tropical estuary.Ecosystems, 12(12), 2009:1145-1157.

Ingole, B.S., Sautya, S., Sivadas, S.,Singh, R., Nanajkar, M. Macrofaunalcommunity structure in the westernIndian continental margin includingthe oxygen minimum zone. Mar. Ecol.(Evol. Persp.), 31(1), 2010:148-166.

Ingole, B.S., Sivadas, S., Nanajkar, M.,Sautya, S., Nag, A. A comparativestudy of macrobenthic communityfrom harbours along the central westcoast of India. Environ. Monit.Assess., 154(1-4), 2009:135-146.

Jacob, J., Jayaraj, K.A., Rehman, H.H.,C h a n d r a m o h a n a k u m a r , N . ,Balachandran, K.K., Raveendran,T .V . , Joseph , T . , Na i r , M . ,Achuthankutty, C.T. Biogeochemicalcharacteristics of the surfacesediments along the westerncontinental shelf of India. Chem.Ecol., 25(2), 2009:135-149.

Jasmine, P., Muraleedharan, K.R.,Madhu, N.V., AshaDevi, C.R.,Alagarsamy, R., Achuthankutty, C.T.,Jayan, Z., Sanjeevan, V.N., Sahayak,S. Hydrographic and productivitycharacteristics along 45ºE longitudein the southwestern Indian Ocean andSouthern Ocean during australsummer 2004. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 389, 2009:97-116.

Jayakumar, D.A., O'Mullan, G.D., Naqvi,S.W.A., Ward, B.B. Denitrifyingbacterial community composition

changes associated with stages ofdenitrification in oxygen minimumzones. Microb. Ecol., 58(2),2009:350-362.

Jayalakshmy, K.V., Saraswathy, M.,Nair, M. Effect of water qualityparameters on the distribution ofPleuromamma (Copepoda-Calanoida)species in the Indian Ocean: astatistical approach. Environ. Monit.Assess., 155(1-4), 2009:373-392.

Jebaraj, C.S., Raghukumar, C., Behnke,A., Stoeck, T. Fungal diversity inoxygen-depleted regions of theArabian Sea revealed by targetedenvironmental sequencing combinedwith cultivation. FEMS Microbiol.Ecol., 71(3), 2010:399-412.

Joseph, A., Balachandran, K.K., Mehra,P., Desai, R.G.P., VijayKumar, K.,Agarvadekar, Y., Revichandran, C.,Dabholkar, N. Amplified Msf tides atKochi backwaters on the southwestcoast of India. Curr. Sci., 97(6),2009:776-784.

Joseph, A., Vijaykumar, K., Mehra, P.,Unnikrishnan, A.S., Sundar, D.,Desai, R.G.P. Observed tides atMumbai High offshore region near thecontinental shelf break in the easternArabian Sea. Curr. Sci., 96(9),2009:1233-1235.

Joydas, T.V., Jayalakshmy, K.V.,Damodaran , R . Po lychae tecommunity structure of Indian westcoast shelf, Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci.,97(5), 2009:634-636.

Jyoth ibabu, R. , Madhu, N.V . ,Habeebrehman, H., Jayalakshmy,K.V., Nair, K.K.C., Achuthankutty,C.T. Re- evaluation of 'paradox ofmesozooplankton' in the easternArabian Sea based on ship andsatellite observations. J. Mar. Syst.,81(3), 2010:235-251.

Kesarkar, K.S., Anil, A.C. New species ofParacalanidae along the west coast of India: Paracalanus arabiensis. J.Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 90(2), 2010:399-408.

Kessarkar, P.M., Rao, V.P., Shynu, R.,Ahmad, I.M., Mehra, P., Michael, G.S.,Sundar, D. Wind-driven estuarineturbidity maxima in Mandovi estuary,central west coast of India. J. EarthSyst. Sci., 118(4), 2009:369-377.

Kessarkar, P.M., Rao, V.P., Shynu, R.,Mehra, P., Viegas, B.E. The natureand distribution of particulate matter in the Mandovi Estuary, central westcoast of India. Estuar. Coast., 33(1),2010:30-44.

K h o d s e , V . B . , B h o s l e , N . B . ,Gopalakrishna, V.V. Distribution ofparticulate carbohydrate species inthe Bay of Bengal. J. Earth Syst. Sci.,118(2), 2009:147-156.

Krishna, K., Ingole, B.S. Evolving trendsin biosciences: multi-purposeproteins - GFP and GFP-like proteins.Curr. Sci., 97(7), 2009:1022-1032.

Krishnan, K.P., LokaBharathi, P.A.Organic carbon and iron modulatenitrification rates in mangrove

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swamps of Goa, south west coast ofIndia. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 84(3),2009:419-426.

Krishnan, K.P., Sinha, R.K., Krishna, K.,Nair, S., Singh, S.M. Microbiallymediated redox transformations ofmanganese (II) along with some othertrace elements: a study from Antarcticlakes. Polar Biol, 32(12), 2009:1765-1778.

Kumar, S., Parvathi, A., Hernandez, R.L.,C a d l e , K . M . , V a r e l a , M . F .Identification of a novel UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase (MurA) from Vibrio fischerithat confers high fosfomycinresistance in Escherichia coli. Arch.Microbiol., 191, 2009:425-429.

Levin, L.A., Ekau, W., Gooday, A.J.,Jorissen, F., Middelburg, J.J., Naqvi,S.W.A., Neira, C., Rabalais, N.N.,Zhang, J. Effects of natural andhuman-induced hypoxia on coastalbenthos. Biogeosciences, 6(10),2009:2063-2098.

Majik, M.S., Parameswaran, P.S., Tilve,S.G. Tandem Wittig-ene reactionapproach to kainic acid. J. Org.Chem., 74(9), 2009:3591-3594.

Majik, M.S., Parameswaran, P.S., Tilve,S.G. Total synthesis of (-)- and (+)-tedanalactam. J. Org. Chem., 74(16),2009:6378-6381.

Majumdar, T.J., Bhattacharyya, R.,Chatterjee, S., Krishna, K.S.Utilization of high resolution satellitegeoid data for estimation oflithospheric thickness in the Bay ofBengal. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 38(4),2009:382-389.

Mani Murali, R., Shrivastava, D.,Vethamony, P. Monitoring shorelineenvironment of Paradip, east coast ofIndia using remote sensing. Curr.Sci., 97(1), 2009:79-84.

Manoj, C., Kuvshinov, A., Neetu, S.,Harinarayana, T. Can underseavoltage measurements detecttsunamis? Earth Planets Space,62(3), 2010:353-358.

Manoj, N.T., Unnikrishnan, A.S. Tidalcirculation and salinity distribution inthe Mandovi and Zuari estuaries: casestudy. J. Waterway Port Coast. OceanEng., 135(6), 2009:278-287.

Manoj, N.T., Unnikrishnan, A.S.,Sundar, D. Tidal asymmetry in theMandovi and Zuari estuaries, the westcoast of India. J. Coast. Res., 25(6),2009:1187-1197.

Manzo, E., Ciavatta, M.L., Gavagnin, M.,Villan, G., Quaranta, C., DeSouza, L.,Cimino, G. A new xenicanenorditerpene from the Indian marinegorgonian Acanthogorgia turgida.Nat. Prod. Res., 23(18), 2009:1664-1670.

Mazumdar, A., Dewangan, P., Joao,H.M., Peketi, A., Khosla ,V.R.,Kocherla, M., Badesab, F.K., JoshiR.K., Roxanne, P., Ramamurty, P.B.,Karisiddaiah, S.M., Patil, D.J., Dayal, A.M., Ramprasad, T.H. Evidence ofpaleo-cold seep activity from the Bay

of Bengal, offshore India. Geochem.Geophys. Geosyst., 10(6), 2009:15 pp,doi:1.

Mazumdar, A., Peketi, A., Dewangan, P.,Badesab, F.K., Ramprasad, T.,Ramana, M.V., Patil, D.J., Dayal, A.M.Shallow gas charged sediments off theIndian west coast: Genesis anddistribution. Mar. Geol., 267(1-2),2009:71-85.

McPhaden, M.J., Meyers, G., Ando, K.,Masumoto, Y., Murty, V.S.N.,Ravichandran, M., Syamsudin, F.,Vialard, J., Yu, L., Yu, W. RAMA: theresearch moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysisa n d p r e d i c t i o n ( i n c l u d i n gsupplement). Bull. Am. Meteorol.Soc., 90(4), 2009:459-480.

M i s h r a , S . , N e w s o m , H . E . ,ShyamPrasad, M., Geissman, J.W.,Dube, A., Sengupta, D. Geochemicalidentification of impactor for Lonarcrater, India. Meteorit. Planet. Sci.,44(7), 2009:1001-1018.

Mitbavkar, S., Saino, T., Horimoto, N.,Kanda, J., Ishimaru, T. Role ofenvironment and hydrography indetermining the picoplanktoncommunity structure of Sagami Bay,Japan. J. Oceanogr., 65(2),2009:195-208.

Mukhopadhyay, R., Ghosh, A.K.D y n a m i c s o f f o r m a t i o n o fferromanganese nodules in the IndianOcean. J. Asian Earth Sci., 37(4),2010:394-398.

Murugan, A., Dhanya, S., Sreepada,R . A . , R a j a g o p a l , S . ,Balasubramanian, T. Breeding andmass-scale rearing of three spottedseahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatusLeach under captive conditions.Aquaculture, 290(1), 2009:87-96.

Nagvenkar, G.S., Ramaiah, N. Arsenitetolerance and biotransformationpotential in estuarine bacteria.Ecotoxicology, 19(4), 2010:604-613.

Nagvenkar , G.S. , Ramaiah, N.Abundance of sewage-pollutionindicator and human pathogenicbacteria in a tropical estuarinecomplex. Environ. Monit. Assess.,155(1-4), 2009:245-256.

Naik, S.S., Naidu, P.D. Evaluation of theCaCO dissolution proxies in sediment3

cores from above the lysocline.Quatern. Int., 213(1-2), 2010:69-73.

Nanajkar, M., Ingole, B.S. Comparison oftropical naematode communities fromthree harbours, west coast of India.Cah. Biol. Mar., 51(1), 2010:9-18.

Narayana, A.C., Naidu, P.D., Shinu, N.,Nagabhushanam, P., Sukhija, B.S.Carbonate and organic carboncontent changes over last 20 ka in theS o u t h e a s t e r n A r a b i a n S e a :paleoceanographic implications.Quatern. Int., 206(1-2), 2009:72-77.

Nath, B.N., Makishima, A., Noordmann,J., Tanaka, R., Nakamura, E.Comprehensive analysis for major,minor and trace element contents andSr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios in

sediment reference materials, JSd-1and MAG-1. Geochem. J., 44,2009:207-216.

Nigam, R., Linshy, V.N., Kurtarkar, S.R.,Saraswat, R. Effects of sudden stressdue to heavy metal mercury onbenthic foraminifer Rosalina leei:laboratory culture experiment. Mar.Pollut. Bull., 59(8-12), 2009:362-368.

Nisha, K., Rao, S.A., Gopalakrishna,V.V., Rao, R.R., Girishkumar, M.S.,Pankajakshan, T., Ravichandran, M.,Rajesh, S., Girish, K., Johnson, Z.,Anuradha, M., Gavaskar, S.S.M.,Suneel, V., Krishna, S. Reduced near-surface thermal inversions in 2005-06in the southeastern Arabian Sea(Lakshadweep Sea). J. Phys.Oceanogr., 39(5), 2009:1184-1199.

Padmakumar, K.G., Bindu, L., Basheer,V.S., Gopalakrishnan, A. Threatenedfishes of the world: Clarias dussumieridussumieri (Valenciennes 1840)(Clariidae). Environ. Biol. Fish.,87(4), 2010:297-298.

Paropkari, A.L., Ray, D., Balaram, V.,P r a k a s h , L . S . , M i r z a , I . H . ,Satyanarayana, M., Rao, T.G.,K a i s a r y , S . F o r m a t i o n o fhydrothermal deposits at Kings TripleJunction, northern Lau back-arcbasin, SW Pacific: the geochemicalperspectives. J. Asian Earth Sci.,38(3-4), 2010:121-130.

Parvathi, A., George, J., Kumar, S.Prevalence and heterogeneity ofHemolysin gene vhh among hatcheryisolates of Vibrio harveyi in India.Curr. Microbiol., 59, 2009:42-47.

Parvathi, A., Krishna, K., Jose, J.,Joseph, N., Nair, S. Biochemical andmolecular characterization of Bacilluspumilus isolated from coastalenvironment in Cochin, India. Braz.J. Microbiol., 40(2), 2009:269-275.

Parvatkar, P.T., Parameswaran, P.S.,Tilve, S.G. An expeditious I2 -catalyzed entry into 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline system of cryptotackieine.J. Org. Chem., 74(21), 2009:8369-8372.

Patre, R.E., Shet, J.B., Parameswaran,P.S., Tilve, S.G. Cascade Wittigreaction-double Claisen and Coperearrangements: one-pot synthesis ofd i p r e n y l a t e d c o u m a r i n sgravelliferone, balsamiferone, and6 , 8 - d i p r e n y l u m b e l l i f e r o n e .T e t r a h e d r o n L e t t . , 5 0 ( 4 7 ) ,2009:6488–6490.

Pattan, J.N., Pearce, N.J.G. Bottomwater oxygenation history insoutheastern Arabian Sea during thepast 140 ka: results from redox-sensitive elements. Palaeogeogr.Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 280(3-4),2009:396-405.

Pavithran, S., Ingole, B.S., Nanajkar, M.,Goltekar, R.C. Importance of sievesize in deep-sea macrobenthicstudies. Mar. Biol. Res., 5(4),2009:391-398.

Pavithran, S., Ingole, B.S., Nanajkar, M.,Raghukumar, C., Nath, B.N.,

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Valsangkar, A.B. Composition ofmacrobenthos from the central IndianOcean Basin. J. Earth Syst. Sci.,118(6), 2009:689-700.

Piotrowski, A.M., Banakar, V.K.,Scrivner, A.E., Elderfield, H., Galy, A.,Dennis, A. Indian Ocean circulationand productivity during the lastglacial cycle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,285(1-2), 2009:179-189.

Prabha, Devi, DeSouza, L., Kamat, T.,Rodrigues, C., Naik ,C.G. Batchculture fermentation of Penicilliumchrysogenum and a report on theisolation, purification, identificationand antibiotic activity of citrinin.Indian. J. Mar. Sci., 38(1), 2009:38-44.

Pradhan, U.K., Shirodkar, P.V., Sahu,B . K . P h y s i c o - c h e m i c a lcharacteristics of the coastal water offDevi estuary, Orissa and evaluation ofi t s seasona l changes us ingchemometric techniques. Curr. Sci.,96(9), 2009:1203-1209.

Prasanna Kumar, S., Roshin, R.P.,Narvekar, J., DineshKumar, P.K.,Vivekanandan, E. Response of theArabian Sea to global warming andassociated regional climate shift.Mar. Environ. Res., 68(5), 2009:217-222.

Pratihary, A.K., Naqvi, S.W.A., Naik, H.,Thorat, B.R., Narvenkar, G.,Manjunatha, B.R.,Rao, V.P. Benthicfluxes in a tropical estuary and theirrole in the ecosystem. Estuar. Coast.Shelf Sci., 85(3), 2009:387-398.

Quadros, G., Sukumaran, S., Athalye,R.P. Impact of the changing ecologyon intertidal polychaetes in ananthropogenically stressed tropicalcreek, India. Aquat. Ecol., 43(4),2009:977-985.

Ram, A., Borole, D.V., Rokade, M.A.,Zingde, M.D. Diagenesis andbioavailability of mercury in thecontaminated sediments of UlhasEstuary, India. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,58(11), 2009:1685-1693.

Ram, A., Rokade, M.A., Zingde, M.D.Mercury enrichment in sediments ofAmba estuary. Indian J. Mar. Sci.,38(1), 2009:89-96.

Ram, A., Rokade, M.A., Zingde, M.D.,Borole, D.V. Post depositionalmemory record of mercury insediment near effluent disposal site ofa chlor-alkali plant in Thane Creek-Mumbai Harbour, India. Environ.Technol., 30(8), 2009:765-783.

Ramesh Kumar, M.R., Babu, A.K.,Reason, C. On the role of convectivesystems over the northwest Pacificand monsoon activity over the Indiansubcontinent. Meteorol. Appl., 16(3), 2009:353-360.

Rao, R.R., Gir ishKumar, M.S.,Ravichandran, M., Rao, A.R.,Gopalakrishna, V.V., Pankajakshan,T. Interannual variability of Kelvinwave propagation in the wave guidesof the equatorial Indian Ocean, thecoastal Bay of Bengal and the

southeastern Arabian Sea during1993-2006. Deep-Sea Res. (I:Oceanogr. Res. Pap.), 57(1), 2010:1-13.

Rao, V.P., Kessarkar, P.M., Thamban,M., Patil, S.K. Paleoclimatic anddiagenetic history of the LateQuaternary sediments in a core fromthe southeastern Arabian Sea:geochemical and magnetic signals. J.Oceanogr., 66(1), 2010:133-146.

Raveendran, T.V., Mol, V.P.L. Naturalproduct antifoulants. Curr. Sci.,97(4), 2009:508-520.

Ravi Kumar, M.S., Ramaiah, N., Tang, D.Morphometry and cell volumes ofdiatoms from a tropical estuary ofIndia. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 38(2),2009:160-165.

Ravindran, C., Cheng, Y.-C., Liang, S.-M.CpG-ODNs induces up-regulatedexpression of chemokine CCL9 inmouse macrophages and microglia.Cell. Immunol., 260(2), 2010:113-118.

Ray, Dwijesh, Banerjee, R., Iyer, S.D.,Basavalingu, B., Mukhopadhyay, S.Glass and mineral chemistry ofnorthern central Indian ridge basalts:compos i t i ona l d i v e r s i t y andpetrogenetic significance. Acta Geol.Sin., 83(6), 2009:1122-1135.

Ray, Dwijesh, Banerjee, R., Iyer, S.D.,Mukhopadhyay, S. Evidences fors e a w a t e r - r o c k h y d r o t h e r m a linteraction in the serpentinites fromNorthern Central Indian Ridge. Curr.Sci., 97(8), 2009:1239-1243.

Ray, Dwijesh, Mevel, C., Banerjee, R.Hydrothermal alteration studies ofgabbros from northern central Indian r idge and the i r geodynamicimplications. J. Earth Syst. Sci.,118(6), 2009:659-676.

Reis-Henriques, M.A., Ferreira, M.,Coimbra, A.M., DeSilva, C., Shailaja,M.S. Phenanthrene and nitrite effectson juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchusl a b r a x , u s i n g h e p a t i cbiotransformation enzymes, biliaryfluorescence, and micronuclei asbiomarkers. Cienc. Mar., 35(1),2009:29-40.

Sanil Kumar, V., Philip, C.S., Nair,T.N.B. Waves in shallow water offwest coast of India during the onset ofsummer monsoon. Ann. Geophys.,28(3), 2010:817-824.

Sarma, N.S., Krishna, M.S., Pasha,Sk.G., Rao, T.S.P., Venkateswarlu, Y.,Parameswaran, P.S. Marinemetabolites, the sterols of soft coral.Chem. Rev., 109(6), 2009:2803-2828.

Sarma, V.V.S.S., Gupta, S.N.M., Babu,P.V.R., Acharya, T., Harikrishnachari,N., Vishnuvardhan, K., Rao, N.S.,Reddy, N.P.C. , Sarma, V.V. ,Sadhuram, Y., Murty, T.V.R., Kumar, M.D. Influence of river discharge onplankton metabolic rates in thetropical monsoon driven Godavariestuary, India. Estuar. Coast. ShelfSci., 85(4), 2009:515-524.

Shankar, D., Aparna, S.G., McCreary,

J.P., Suresh, I., Neetu, S., Durand, F.,Shenoi, S.S.C., AlSaafani, M.A.Minima of interannual sea-levelvariability in the Indian Ocean. Prog.Oceanogr., 84(3-4), 2010:225-241.

Shenoi, S.S.C., Nasnodkar, N., Rajesh,G., Joseph, K.J., Suresh, I., Almeida,A.M. On the diurnal ranges of seasurface temperature (SST) in the northIndian Ocean. J. Earth Syst. Sci.,118(5), 2009:483-496.

Shirodkar, P.V., Pradhan, U.K.,Fernandes, D., Haldankar, S.R., Rao,G.S. Influence of anthropogenica c t i v i t i e s o n t h e e x i s t i n genvironmental conditions of KandlaCreek (Gulf of Kutch). Curr. Sci.,98(6), 2010:815-828.

Singh, K.S., Kaminsky, W.H., Rodrigues,C., Naik, C.G. Structural studies anda n t i m i c r o b i a l p r o p e r t i e s o fnorcembrane diterpenoid from anIndian soft coral Sinularia inelegansTixier-Durivault. J. Chem. Sci.,121(6), 2009:1041-1046.

Singh, P., Raghukumar, C., Verma, P.,Shouche, Y. Phylogenetic diversity ofculturable fungi from the deep-seasediments of the central Indian Basinand their growth characteristics.Fungal Divers., 40(1), 2010:89-102.

Subrahmanyam, A.S., Subrahmanyam,V., Sarma, K.V.L.N.S., Murty, G.P.S.,Murthy, K.S.R. Land-ocean tectonicsignatures of the Krishna-GodavariBasin, a qualitative evaluation. Curr.Sci., 98(4), 2010:485-487.

Sukumaran, S., Sarala Devi, K.Polychaete diversity and its relevancein the rap id env i r onmenta lassessment of Mumbai Port. Curr.Sci., 97(10), 2009:1439-1444.

Suryavanshi, U., Sreepada, R.A., Ansari,Z.A., Nigam, S., Badesab, S. A studyon biochemical changes in thepenaeid shrimp, Metapenaeusmonoceros (Fabricius) followingexposure to sublethal doses oforganochlorine pesticide (endosulfan).Chemosphere, 77(11), 2009:1540-1550.

Swamy, K.V., Murthy, I.V.R., Krishna,K . S . , M u r t h y , K . S . R . ,Subrahmanyam, A.S., Rao, M.M.M.Magnetic anomalies of offshoreKrishna-Godavari basin, easterncontinental margin of India. J. EarthSyst. Sci., 118(4), 2009:405-412.

Tripati, S., Rao, B.R., Shashikala, S.,Rao, R.V., Khedekar, V.D. Analysis oftimber and coating material on an ironanchor recovered off Aguada Bay,Goa. Curr. Sci., 97(9), 2009:1361-1368.

Valsangkar, A.B. A special core liner forsub-sampling of aqueous sediments.Curr. Sci., 96(10), 2009:1382-1386.

Valsangkar, A.B., Borole, D.V.,Shejwalkar, A.S., Kalangutkar, N.G.,Fernandes, N.O., Dias, C.C. Potentialdiagenetic and detrital sources forcalcareous sediments from theCarlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean. Curr.Sci., 96(8), 2009:1090-1099.

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Valsangkar, A.B., Fernandes, D. Impactof offshore placer mining experiments(PLAMEX) on the sediment size andheavy minerals. Curr. Sci., 97(10),2009:1467-1472.

Vanreusel, A., Fonseca, G., Danovaro,R., DaSilva, M.C., Esteves, A.M.,Ferrero, T., Gad, G., Galtsova, V.,Gambi, C., Genevois, V.F., Ingels, J.,Ingole, B.S., Lampadariou, N.,Merckx, B., Mil jut ina. Thec o n t r i b u t i o n o f d e e p - s e a .macrohabitat heterogeneity to globalnematode diversity. Mar. Ecol. (Evol.Persp.), 31(1), 2010:6-20.

Verma, A.K., Raghukumar, C., Verma,P., Shouche, Y.S., Naik, C.G. Fourm a r i n e - d e r i v e d f u n g i f o rbioremediation of raw textile milleffluents. Biodegradation, 21(2),2010:217-233.

Vethamony, P., Aboobacker, V.M.,S u d h e e s h , K . , B a b u , M . T . ,AshokKumar, A. Demarcation ofinland vessels' limit off Mormugaoport region, India: a pilot study for thesafety of inland vessels using wavemodeling. Nat. Hazards, 49(2)2009:411-420.

Vialard, J., Shenoi, S.S.C., McCreary,J.P., Shankar, D., Durand, F.,F e rnando , V . , She t y e , S .R .Intraseasonal response of thenorthern Indian Ocean coastalwaveguide to the Madden-JulianOscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett.,36(14), 2009:doi:10.1029.

Vijith, V., Sundar, D., Shetye, S.R. Time-dependence of salinity in monsoonalestuaries. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.,85(4), 2009:601-608.

Wahidullah, S., Rajamanickam, Y.R.Detection of DNA damage in fishOreochromis mossambicus induced byco-exposure to phenanthrene andnitrite by ESI-MS/MS. Environ. Sci.Pollut. Res., 17(2), 2010:441-452.

Ward, B.B., Devol, A.H., Rich, J.J.,Chang, B.X., Bulow, S.E., Naik, H.,Pratihary, A., Jayakumar, A.Denitrification as the dominantnitrogen loss process in the ArabianSea. Nature, 461(8276), 2009:78-82.

Yatheesh, V., Bhattacharya, G.C.,Dyment, J. Early oceanic opening offWestern India-Pakistan margin: theGop Basin revisited. Earth Planet.Sci. Lett., 284(3-4), 2009:399-408.

Yeung, L.W.Y., Yamashita, N., Taniyasu,S., Lam, P.K.S., Sinha, R.K., Borole,D.V., Kannan, K. A survey ofperfluorinated compounds in surfacewater and biota including dolphinsfrom the Ganges River and in otherwaterbodies in India. Chemosphere,76(1), 2009:55–62.

Babu, K.N., Shukla, A.K., Matondkar,S.G.P., Singh, S.K., Sawant, S.S.Characterization of chlorophyll-a overCAL-VAL site at Kavaratti in the

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Sarma, R.V. Monitoring of coastalmarine and estuaries ecology ofM a h a r a s h t r a ( S S P 1 8 8 1 ) ,Maharashtra Pollution Control Board(NIO/SP-23/2009)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL andground transfer of CRZ boundaryalong and across the plot bearing CTSNO 198B located at Ghatkopar,Mumbai for PWD Maharashtra(SSP2195), Infrastructure ventureIndia Limited (NIO/SP-24/2009)

Reddy , N.P .C. Rapid Mar ineEnvironmental Impact Assessmentstudies for the disposal of treatedeffluents into marine environment offM e n t a d a , P y d i b h i m a v a r a mPanchayat, Ranasthalam MandalSrikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh(SSP2161-SSP2164) , LantechPharmaceuticals Limited (NIO/SP-25/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries for ChemplastSanmar limited along a shorefront andParavanar creek near Cuddlore(SSP2226 ) , Indomer Coas ta lHydraulic (P) Limited, Chennai(NIO/SP-26/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries of Tekkali creek nearBhavanapadu (SSP2186), EnergyInfratech Private Limited, Hyderabad(NIO/SP-27/2009)

DineshKumar, P.K. Environmental andBio-diversity Monitoring of tenExploratory drilling sites at block KG-OSN-2001/3 (KG Block #32)(SSP2127), Gujarat State PetroleumCorporation Limited (NIO/SP-28/2009)

JawaharKumar, Ch. Delineation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries for HindujaNational Power Corporation Limited(SSP2136), Hinduja National PowerCorporation Limited (NIO/SP-29/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, and CRZboundaries in Alibag (SSP2217), FineEnvirotech Engineer (NIO/SP-30/2009)

Soniya Sukumaran. EnvironmentImpact Assessment of proposeddevelopment of existing Jetty ofKRIBHCO at Tapi Estuary(SSP2185),Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited(NIO/SP-31/2009)

Sawant S.S. Environmental analysis ofBallast water for Al-Sinyar contractingEst at Saudi- Arabia (SSP2107), Al-

Sinyar Contracting Est. at Saudi-Arabia (NIO/SP-32/2009)

DineshKumar, P.K. Environment andBio-diversity monitoring of TenExploratory drilling site at block KG-OSN 2001/3 (KG Block #21)(SSP2127), Gujarat State PetroleumCorporation Limited (NIO/SP-33/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries for proposed thermalpower stat ion (2*500MW) inNagapatinam district Tamil Nadu(SSP2172), PEL Power Limited(NIO/SP-34/2009)

Rajagopal, M.D. Monitoring of ecologicalconditions of near-shore areas ofParadip and adjacent creeks duringphase-II pre-dredging period quarterlyreport II and III (SSP2203-SSP2204),Indian Oil Corporation Limited(NIO/SP-35/2009)

Babu, M.T. Impact of Kalpasar projecton the existing and proposed ports inthe Gulf Khambhat (SSP2008),National Environmental Engineeringof Research Institute, Nagpur(NIO/SP-36/2009)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL andDelineation of CRZ boundaries alongand across the plot bearing CTS. No.G/617, 15th Road, Santa Cruz (West),Located in H-westward off Khar,Bandra, Mumbai, Maharashtra(SSP2223), Girish and Associates(NIO/SP-37/2009)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL, andDelineation of CRZ boundaries alongand across the plot bearing CTS No.7624, 7624(1 to 156) and adjoiningnalla land of village Kolekalyan,Santa-Cruz(East), located in H-Westward off Khar-Danda Mumbai,Maharashtra (SSP2210), Essar Group(NIO/SP-38/2009)

Joseph, T. Environment andBiodiversity monitoring of Sixexploratory drilling sites at block KG-OSN-2001/3 (KG-Block) KG#19(SSP1746), Gujarat state PetroleumCorporation Limited (NIO/SP-39/2009)

Subrahmanyam, V. Submarine pipelineinspection of 650m and 700m lengthfor MRPL, Mangalore (SSP2224),M a n g a l o r e R e f i n e r y a n dPetrochemicals Limited (NIO/SP-40/2009)

Naidu, V.S. Prevailing Environment andmodel study in Tapi estuary forconstruction of GMB Jetty at Hazira(SSP1601), Gujarat Maritime Board,Gandhinagar (NIO/SP-41/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andC R Z b o u n d a r i e s b e t w e e nVamsadhara and Bendi creek,Srikakulam District Andhra Pradesh(SSP2137 ) , Indomer Coas ta lHydraul ics Limited, Chennai(NIO/SP-42/2009)

Satyanarayana, Raju Y. Demarcation ofHTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries alongthe fishing villages of Pondicherry andKaraikal (SSP2228), Wilbur Smith

Associates Private Limited, Bangalore (NIO/SP-43/2009)

JiyalalRam, M. Monitoring of MangroveHabitat at Hazira (SSP1585), HaziraPort Pvt. Limited, Ahmedabad(NIO/SP-44/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marineecology and conversation of corals offvadinar Phase- IV(c ) : GeneralMonitoring and Translocation ofrelocated corals at intertidal andsubtidal sites off vadinar during April and May 2005 (SSP1606), ESSAR OilLimited, Mumbai (NIO/SP-45/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marineecology and conversation of corals offvadinar Phase-IV(b): Subtidal coralmonitoring at transaction site offvadinal during April 2005 (SSP1607),ESSAR Oil Limited, Mumbai (NIO/SP-45/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marineecology and conversation of corals offvadinar during November 2005Phase-IV (SSP1680), ESSAR OilL imi ted , Jamnagar (NIO/SP-45/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marineecology and conversation of corals offvadinar during April 2006 Phase-IV(SSP1742), Vadinar Oil TerminalLimited/ESSAR Oil Limited Gujarat(NIO/SP-45/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marineecology and conversation of corals offvadinar during November 2006Phase-IV (SSP1848), Vadinar OilTerminal Limited, Gujarat (NIO/SP-45/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Management of marineecology and conversation of corals offvadinar during April 2007 Phase-IV(SSP1891), Vadinar Oil TerminalLimited, Gujarat (NIO/SP-45/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ mapping for the LNG port sitenear Mundra, Gujarat (SSP2259),Secon Private Limited (NIO/SP-46/2009)

Sarma, R.V. Impact Assessment onfishing due to activities of Dighi port(SSP2062), Dighi Port Limited,Mumbai (NIO/SP-47/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Marine EIA for proposedexpansion of power plant (Phase III) atTunda Wandh village District Kachch,Gujarat (SSP2069), Adani PowerLimited, Ahmedabad (NIO/SP-48/2009)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Periodic Monitoring ofAmba estuary (May 2009) (SSP2244),Re l iance Industr ies L imi ted ,Nagothane (NIO/SP-49/2009)

Naidu, V.S. Comprehensive Marine EIAfor site selection of intake and outfallof proposed power plant at Ghogha byBhavnagar Energy Company Limited(SSP2073), Bhavnagar EnergyCompany Limited, Gandhinagar(NIO/SP-50/2009)

JawaharKumar, Ch. Delineation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries for AdaniPower Dahej Limited in the surveylimits of Suva village, Bharuch District

100

Limited, Gujarat (SSP2262), AdaniPower Dahej Limited (NIO/SP-51/2009)

Sreepada R.A. Marine EnvironmentalImpact Assessment studies forutilization of ferrosand (Copper Slag)as reclamation material for berthexpansion at Tuticorin Port, TamilNadu (SSP2229), Sterlite IndustriesLimited, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu(NIO/SP-52/2009)

Tirodkar G.M. Additional study for Preand Post laid survey for submarinepipeline across Mandovi River Old Goa(ferry point) to Diwar Island(SSP2266), Public Works Department,Government of Goa (NIO/SP-53/2009)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL andDelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across site bearing CTS No. 657(c)at village Kanjur Marg (E), Mumbai,Maharashtra (SSP2256), AlphaEnvirons (NIO/SP-54/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries near Tunda villageGujarat (SSP2285), Coastal GujaratPower Company Ltd., Bangalore (TataPower Company Limited) (NIO/SP-55/2009)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL andDelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across the plot located atAmbolgadh for Ambolgadh BeachResort Private Limited (SSP2257),Ambolgadh Beach Resort PrivateLimited (NIO/SP-56/2009)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of HTL anddelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across the site bearing CTS NO.B908, B909, B911(pt) of villageBandra(W), H/West ward at MountMarry, Khandeshwari Mandir Marg,Mumbai (SSP2263), Akruti City(NIO/SP-57/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL and CRZBoundaries in village Ranjnali Taluka,Bhiwadi District Thane Maharashtra(SSP2252 ) , F in e Env i r o t e chEngineer 's Mumbai (NIO/SP-58/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries for the coal basedpower plant near Pipavav Port, AmreliDistrict Gujarat (SSP2286), PipavavEnergy Private Limited (NIO/SP-59/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries for the coal basedpower plant at Bhadreshwar,Kachchh district, Gujarat (SSP2277),Indomer Coastal Hydraulics PrivateLimited (NIO/SP-60/2009)

Naidu, V.S. Rapid Marine EIA of1200MW coal based power plant atPipavav by Videocon IndustriesLimited (SSP2234), Pipavav EnergyPrivate Limited, and New Delhi(NIO/SP-61/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries for Astaranga Portnear Astaranga, Puri District Orissa (SSP2271), Navayuga EngineeringCompany Limited, Hyderabad

(NIO/SP-01/2010)Vaz, S.C. Demarcation of HTL and

Delineation of CRZ boundary alongand across plot bearing C.T.S. No.E86-16, located at Khar - Danda,Mumbai (SSP2278), Mumbai ShelterHousing Development Pvt. Ltd.(NIO/SP-02/2010)

Gajbhiye. S.N. Marine EIA of highcapacity coal and other Dry CargoTerminal at Tunda/ Wandh, Dist,Kachchh ( SSP1894), Mundra Port &Special Economic Zone Limited,Ahmedabad (NIO/SP-03/2010)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Marine EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Mundra PortExpansion, Phase I - Basin and AlliedDevelopment in and around Mundra(SSP1896), Mundra Port & SpecialEconomic Zone Limited, Ahmedabad(NIO/SP-04/2010)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Marine EIA for project“Mundra Port Eastern Basin atM u n d r a , D i s t r i c t K a c h c h h ”(SSP1937), Mundra Port & SpecialEconomic Zone Limited, Ahmedabad(NIO/SP-05/2010)

Gajbhiye,.S.N. Marine EIA for project“Mundra Port Northern Basin atMundra, District Kachchh (SSP1960),Mundra Port & Special Economic ZoneLimited, Ahmedabad. (NIO/SP-06/2010)

Jawaher Kumar,Ch. Delineation of HTL,LTL, and CRZ boundaries for SunrayProperties in the survey limits ofC h e p a d a K a n c h e r u v i l l a g e ,Vizainagram District, Andhra Pradesh(SSP2275), Sunray Properties,Visakhapatnam (NIO/SP-07/2010)

Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HTL anddelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across the plot bearing C.T.S No.G/414-B in H/West Ward of villageBandra Mumbai, Maharashtra.(SSP2302), S. Jadhwani Realtors,Mumbai (NIO/SP-08/2010)

Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HTL anddelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across the plot bearing C.S No 5 pt& 15PT of Mahim division AdarshNagar work Mumbai 400025,Maharashtra (SSP2274), Ravi RajDesign Studio (NIO/SP-09/2010)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of High Tide Line& CRZ boundaries in pimblas VillageBhiwandi taluka Thane districtMaharashtra (SSP2251), FineEnvirontech Engineer, Mumbai(NIO/SP-10/2010)

Sukumaran, S. Marine EIA fordevelopment of Vanbakbara FisheryHarbour and Ghogla Fish Landingc e n t r e , D i u ( S S P 2 2 3 2 ) , U TAdministration of Daman & Diu,Daman (NIO/SP-11/2010)

Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HTL andDelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across the plot bearing C.T.S NO.E/44 of village Bandra at 16th RoadKhar (W) in H/West Ward Mumbai,Maharashtra (SSP2311), YojanaInfratech, Mumbai (NIO/SP-12/2010)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL &

CRZ boundaries for the surveyN O . 2 9 4 n e a r A p p i k o n d aVisakhapatnam dis t r i c t , A .P( S S P 2 3 3 3 ) , K S u b b a r e d d y ,Visakhapatnam (NIO/SP-13/2010)

SanilKumar,V. Mathematical modelingstudies for the proposed jettyalignment in connection with the coalbased 2x 800MW Udangudi superCritical Thermal Power Project atUdangudi Tuticorin district TamilNadu (SSP2290), Udangudi PowerCorporation Limited (NIO/SP-14/2010)

Naidu,V.S. Comprehensive Marine EIAof 3200MW coal based power plant atSarakhadi by Gujarat State ElectricityCorporation Ltd., (SSP2174), GujaratState Electricity Corporation Ltd.,(NIO/SP-15/2010)

Vaz, S.C. Demarcation of HTL andDelineation of CRZ boundary alongand across plot bearing C.T.S. NoG/328A & G/328B of village Bandraat Santacruz, Mumbai (SSP2312),Orra Realtors Pvt. Ltd., (NIO/SP-16/2010)

Tirodkar, G.M. Demarcation of HighTide Line and Delineation of CRZboundary along and across plotbearing C.T.S. No 1285-A/B, 1285-A/C, 1285-A/E, 1285-A/F and 1286of village KanjurDistrict Thane(SSP2112), Amarjit Singh Chandok(NIO/SP-17/2010)

DineshKumar, P.K. EnvironmentalMonitoring of Well MN-OSN-2000/2-F(MDW#6) in Mahanandi OffshoreBlock MN-OSN-2000/2 (SSP2305),Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd,Kolkata (NIO/SP-18/2010)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL and CRZboundaries along the creek in theplant near Uppada Village, AndhraPradesh (SSP2347), SGPL Power PlantKakinada (NIO/SP-19/2010)

JiyalalRam, M. Marine EIA fordischarging treated effluents fromJhagadia (GIDC) into coastal water ofGulf of Cambay (SSP2143), BharuchEco-Aquua Infrastructure Limited,Ankleshwar (NIO/SP-20/2010)

Ingole, B.S. Part-A Trend Analysis(SSP2283), ONGC, Betul Goa(NIO/SP-21/2010)

Unnikrishnan, A.S. Impact andVulnerability studies along the coastof India to Projected sea-level rise andchanges in extreme sealeve l(SSP2003), Winrock International,Delhi (NIO/SP-22/2010)

Sarma, R.V. Seawater intake effluentrelease in Salaya creek-additionalstudies (CNP2126), Essar PowerGujarat Limited (NIO/CON-02/2009)

Sreepada, R.A. Acute toxicity test(bioassays) of SOBM, Sample withSaraline 200 as base fluid to marinebiota (CNP2228), KMC Oil tools IndiaPrivate Limited (NIO/CON-03/2009)

CONSULLTANCY PROJECT REPORTS

101

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ survey at Krishnapatnam port inNellore district (CNP2171), IndomerCoastal Hydraulics Private Limited(NIO/CON-04/2009)

Sreepada, R .A . Tox ic i ty andbiodegradability studies of shellSaraline 200 synthetic base drillingfluid (CNP2227), Shell MDS, Malaysia(NIO/CON-05/2009)

Sharma, R. Establishment of a geologicalmodel of the metals of economicinterest in polymetallic deposits incentral Indian Basin (CNP2219),International Seabed Authority(NIO/CON-06/2009)

Sreepada R.A. Toxicity, biodegradabilityand Bio- concentration studies of Low-Toxic synthetic based drilling Mud(LTSOBM) (CNP2230), Q'Max Solutions(NIO/CON-07/2009)

Rajagopal, M.D. Shoreline change alongthe Gahirmatha coast, Orissa(CNP2156), Dharma Port CorporationLimited (NIO/CON-08/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries along Buckinghamc a n a l a n d o p e n s e a n e a rKrishnapatnam for MEPL (CNP2247),Indomer Coastal Hydraulics PrivateLimited (NIO/CON-09/2009)

Naik, D.K. Physical Demarcation ofselected points on CRZ line of AravaliTak Plateau Vengurla (CNP2147),Fomento Resorts and Hotels Limited(NIO/CON-10/2009)

Rao, B.P. Delineation of HTL, LTL andCRZ boundaries along the Tekkalic r eek and open coas t nearMeghavaram, Srikakulam district,Andhra Pradesh for proposed ThermalPower Plant (CNP2265), MeghavaramPower Private Ltd, New Delhi(NIO/CON-11/2009)

Sarma, R.V. EIA study for proposedexpansion of volt jetty at pathfinderinlet near Vadinar (Gujarat) (CNP2190),Vadinar Oil Terminal Limited(NIO/CON-12/2009)

Satyanarayana, Raju Y. Currentmeasurement near the Tug M.T. Iswaridur ing Bo l la rd pu l l t es t inVisakhapatnam outer Harbour(CNP2258), Hindustan ShipyardLimited, Visakhapatnam (NIO/CON-13/2009)

Gujar, A.R. Exploration report on placerminerals in the nearshore areas fromJaigad to Kalbadevi Bays Maharashtra(CNP2214), Rare(H) Minerals, TrichyTamilNadu (NIO/CON-14/2009)

Babu, M.T. Modelling study for the intakeand outfall of cooling water system forthe super critical thermal power projectat Udangudi, Tuticorin district TamilNadu (CNP2245) (NIO/CON-15/2009)

SanilKumar, V. Design Vetting of thedesign report of Mangalore SpecialEconomic Zone Limited marine Facility(CNP2246), Mangalore SpecialEconomic Zone Limited (NIO/CON-16/2009)

Soniya Sukumaran. Pre- Seismic EIAs tud i e s f o r b l o ck MB-OSN-

2005/2(CNP2269), Adani Welspunexploration Limited (NIO/CON-17/2009)

Naidu, V.S. Marine EIA for proposedpower plant at Pipavav by VideoconLimited, New Delhi (CNP2255), PipavavEnergy Private Limited (NIO/CON-18/2009)

Gujar, A.R. Exploration report an placerminerals in the nearshore area fromMirya to Vijaydurg bay Maharashtra(CNP2289), Rare(H) Minerals, TrichyTamilNadu (NIO/CON-19/2009)

SanilKumar, V. Risk Analysis anddisaster management plan for offshoreintegrated SPM terminal off Paradip(CNP2264), Engineers India Limited,NewDelhi (NIO/CON-20/2009)

SanilKumar, V. Verification of diffuserAssembly to be instal led atVisakhapatnam Steel Plant (CNP2304), Hydroair Tectonics (SPD) PrivateLimited,Mumbai (NIO/CON-21/2009)

Subrahmanyam, V. Consultancy servicesto Bharuch Eco- Aqua InfrastructureLtd (BEAIL) during Post-laid surveyofoffshore pipeline & diffuser (CNP1967),Bharuch Eco- Aqua Infrastructure Ltd.,Ankleshwar, Gujarat (NIO/Con-22/2009)

Rao, B.P. Demarcation of HTl, LTL andCRZ boundaries at Ontimamidi,Tongandi mandal near Kakinada, EastGodavari (CNP 2300), AGM CorporateEnvironment Consulting service Pvt.Ltd. (NIO/CON-01/2010)

Sreepada, R.A. Dispersion efficiencyemulsion stability and acute toxicitystudies of oil spill disoersantsample,Spillcare-ADT (CNP2325),Spillcare-O Metaclen Pvt. Ltd., Chennai(NIO/CON-02/2010)

Dewangan, P., Sriram, G., RamPrasad, T.Rock physics modeling of shallowmarine sediments in the easterncontinental margin of India. In: Proc.Eighth (2009) ISOPE Ocean Mining (&Gas Hydrates) Symp., Chennai, India,20-24 2009, International Society ofOffshore and Polar Engineering,California,USA,2009:34-36.

Joseph, A. Exploration and utilization ofenergy from sea. In: Proc. Int. Symp. onRenewable Energy for RuralDevelopment (ISORE-2010), Ed. by:Dalvi, S.N., Gaikwad, R.D., Aher, S.P.,Chavan, S.D., Gharule, B.B.,Sonawane, S.R., S.N. Arts, D.J.M.Commerce and B.N.S. Science College,Ahmednager, India, 25-27 February2010:11-12.

Krishna, K.S., Chaubey, A.K., Rao, D.G.,Reddy, P.R. Seismic structure andtectonics of the continental margins ofIndia. In: Seismic Imaging of the IndianContinental and Oceanic Crust. Ed. by:Reddy, P.R. (NGRI Golden Jubilee, 1),Professional Books, Hyderabad, India,2010:324-432.

PAPERS IN SYMPOSIA/CONFERENCES/BOOKS

ManiMurali, R., Kumar, R. Mapping ofEnvironmental Sensitive Index (ESI) forthe oil spills at Goa coast, India. In:Proc. Geomatrix Natl. Conf. onGeospatial Technologies, IIT Bombay,India, 28 Feb-1 Mar2009), 9pp.

Murty, A.S.N., Murty, V.S.N. Physicaloceanography. APH Publishing, NewDelhi, India, 2010:xii +429pp.

Naqvi, S.W.A., Unnikrishnan, A.S.Hydrography and biogeochemistry ofthe coastal ocean. In: Surface Ocean -Lower Atmosphere Processes. Ed. by:Le Quere, C., Saltzman, E.S. (Geophys.Monogr. Ser., 187). AmericanGeophysical Union, Washington, DC,USA,2009:233-250.

PrasannaKumar, S., Roshin, R.P.,Narvekar, J., DineshKumar, P.K.,Vivekanandan, E. Signatures of globalwarming and regional climate shift inthe Arabian Sea. In: Proc. Natl. Symp.on Impact Climate Change and AquaticEcosystems (NSICCAE 2010). Ed. by:Joseph, A., Nandan, S.B., Augustine,A., Cochin University of Science andTechnology, 18-19Feb2010:55-62.

Smetacek, V., Naqvi, S.W.A. The nextgeneration of iron fertilizationexperiments in the southern Ocean. In:Geo-engineering Climate Change:Environmental Necessity or Pandora'sbox?. Ed. by: Launder, B., Thompson,J.M.T., Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,UK,2010:181-204.

Tripati, S. Coastal structural remains onthe east coast of India: Evidence ofmaritime activit ies and theirsignificance. In: Saundaryashri:S t u d i e s o f I n d i a n H i s t o r y ,Archaeology,Lliterature & Philosophy(Festschrift to Professor A. Sundara).Ed. by: Reddy, P.C. Sharada PublishingHouse, New Delhi, India, 2009:695-703.

Fernandes, W.A., Chakraborty, B.Multi-beam backscatter image dataprocessing techniques employed toEM 1002 system, 93-99.

Mehra, P., Desai, R.G.P., Joseph, A.,VijayKumar, K., Agarvadekar, Y.,Luis, R., Sundar, D., Viegas, B. A oneyear comparison of radar andpressure tide gauge at Goa, west coastof India, 173-183.

Naqvi, S.W.A. AoA Region: South Asian Seas, 163-171.

Papers published in the Proc.Int. Symp. on Ocean Electronics( S Y M P O L - 2 0 0 9 ) , 1 8 - 2 0November 2009. Ed. by: Pillai,P.R.S., Supriya, M.H. Centre forOcean Electronics, Cochin Univ.of Sci. and Technol., Kochi,India:

Papers publ ished in Anassessment of assessments:Findings of the group of experts.Pursuant to UNGA Resolution60/30, UNESCO/IOC, Paris,France, 2009:

102

Naqvi, S.W.A. AoA Region: The regional organization for the protection of themar ine env i ronment/reg ionalc o m m i s s i o n f o r f i s h e r i e s(ROPME/RECOFI) area, 154-162.

Naqvi, S.W.A. AoA Region: Red Sea AndGulf of Aden, 146-153.

Agnihotri, R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Kurian, S.,Altabet, M.A., Bratton, J.F. Is deltasup(15)N of sedimentary organic mattera good proxy for paleodenitrification incoastal waters of the eastern ArabianSea?321-332.

Gomes, H.R., Matondkar, S.G.P., Parab,S.G., Goes, J.I., Pednekar, S., Al-Azri,A.R.N., Thoppil, P.G. Unusual bloomso f g r e en Noc t i l u ca m i l i a r i s(Dinophyceae) in the Arabian Seaduring thewintermonsoon,347-363.

Hood, R.R., Wiggert, J.D., Naqvi, S.W.A.Indian Ocean research: Opportunitiesand challenges, 409-428.

Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Wiggert, J.D.P r e f a c e t o : I n d i a n O c e a nbiogeochemical processes andecological variability, p.vii.

Jayakumar, A., Naqvi, S.W.A., Ward, B.B.Distribution and relative quantificationof key genes involved in fixed nitrogenloss from the Arabian Sea oxygenminimumzone,187-203.

McCreary, J.P., Murtugudde, R., Vialard,J., Vinayachandran, P.N., Wiggert,J.D., Hood, R.R., Shankar, D., Shetye,S.R. Biophysical processes in theIndian Ocean,9-32.

Naqvi, S.W.A., Naik, H., Jayakumar, A.,Pratihary, A.K., Narvenkar, G., Kurian,S., Agnihotri, R., Shailaja, M.S.,Narvekar, P.V. Seasonal anoxia overthe western Indian continental shelf,333-345.

PrasannaKumar, S., Narvekar, J., Nuncio,M., Gauns, M., Sardessai, S. Whatdrives the biological productivity of thenorthern Indian Ocean? 33-56.

Ramaiah, N., Fernandes, V., Rodrigues,V.V. , Paul , J .T. , Gauns, M.Bacterioplankton abundance andproduction in Indian Ocean Regions,119-132.

Rixen, T., Ramaswamy, V., Gaye, B.,Herunadi, B., Maier-Reimer, E., Bange,H.W., Ittekkot, V. Monsoonal andENSO impacts on particle fluxes andthe biological pump in the IndianOcean,365-383.

Sarma, V.V.S.S. Net community

Papers published in the Proc.Workshop on Sustained IndianOcean Biogeochemical andEcological Research (SIBER),Goa, India, 3-6 Oct. 2006(Geophys. Monogr. Ser., 185),American Geophysical Union,Washington, DC, USA, 2009(Indian Ocean BiogeochemicalProcesses and EcologicalVariability) Ed. by: Wiggert, J.D.,Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A.,Brink, K.H., Smith, S.L.

production in the northern IndianOcean,239-256.

Wiggert, J.D., Hood, R.R., Naqvi, S.W.A.,Brink, K.H., Smith, S.L. Introductionto Indian Ocean biogeochemicalprocesses and ecological variability:Current understanding and emergingperspectives,

Agnihotri, R. Marine nitrogen cycle of theworld oceans and its climaticimportance,52-55.

Ansari, Z.A. Medicinal properties of marinemusselsandmusselculture,11-16.

Baragi, L., Dias, P., Gaonkar, C. Marinecorrosion,105-107.

Baragi, L.,Dias,P.,Gaonkar,C. Biofouling:Apredominantmarineproblem,97-104.

Diwan, S.G., Singh, J. Directional wavemeasuring system: An experience ofNational Institute of oceanographyduring1990-2005,22-27.

Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh. Archaeology of thewestern Saurashtra Coast: Post-urbanHarappanera,7-12.

Gaur, A.S., Vora, K.H. Ancient technologyand history of jetties and ports in India:Study based on archaeologicalevidences,118-122.

Ingole, B.S., Suryavanshi, U., Sreepada,R.A.Stingray:Amarvellousfish,38-42.

JiyalalRam, M.J. A glimpses on theachievements of National Institute ofOceanography, Regional Centre,Mumbai,108-117.

Kaisary, S., Ray, D., KameshRaju, K.A.Tectonicandoceanicprocessesalong theIndian Ocean Ridge system and back arcbasin,17-21.

Kumar, R., Das, S.K. Ocean resources, 84-89.

Mascarenhas, A., Ingole, B.S. Miramar(Goa) beach management project: Anoceanographicevaluation,212-225.

Menezes, M.R., Kunal, S., Kumar, G. Tunafisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zoneof India:Needofmolecularstudy,90-92.

Naik, R. From science to society: Time foraction,123-124.

Narale, D. Predation of dinoflagellate cystdiscussion and emerging questions, 93-96.

Sadanandan, S., Joshi, S., Jagtap, T.Marineblue-greenalgae,43-51.

Sanaye,S.V.,Suryavanshi,U.,Pawar,H.B.,Murugan, A., Sreepada, R.A. Potentialand scope of ornamental fish industry inIndia,56-64.

S a r k a r , A . , V a s h i s t h a , D .Acetylcholinestuse activity as abiomarker of neurotoxic contaminant inthemarineenvironment,72-83.

Sarkar, A., Vashistha, D., Kaisary, S.,DeSilva, C. Enzyme kinetics andMichaelisMenterequation,65-71.

Shetye, S.R. Tunami: A large-scale geologicevent,1-10.

1-7.

P a p e r s p u b l i s h e d i nUnderstanding the oceans.[Sagar Bodh] Ed. by: Ansari,Z . A . , N a t i o n a l I n s t . o fOceanography, Dona Paula,Goa, India, 2009:

Sreepada, R.A., Murugan, A., Suryavanshi,U., Sanaye, S.V., Pawar, H.B. Indiansea-horse:Auniquefish,35-37.

Tripati, S. Maritime archaeology forbeginners. Kaveri Books, New Delhi,2009:156pp.

Valsangkar, A.B. Ploymetallic noduleresources in the central Indian Ocean,28-34.

Mascarenhas, A. Some implications ofCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)legislation for the coast of Goa,

189-213.Mascarenhas, A. An experiment to

restore coastal sand dunes at Miramarbeach, Goa: An appraisal,

149-165.Paropkari, A.L. Mineralogical and

geochemical aspects of the marinesediments off Goa, 167-187.

Naqvi, S.W.A. Indian Ocean margins,171-180.

Naqvi, S.W.A., Naik, H., DeSouza,W.,Narvekar, P.V., Paropkari, A.L.,Bange, H.W. Carbon and nitrogenfluxes in the North Indian Ocean, 180-192.

DeSousa , S .N . , Ahmed , A .U . ,DileepKumar, M., Jagtap, T.G.,Sardessai, S., Hassan, A. Changes inthe coastal and marine environments,271-326.

Singhvi , A.K., Rupakumar, K.,Thamban, M., Gupta, A.K., Kale, V.S.,Yadav, R.R., Bhattacharya, A.,Phadtare, N.R., Roy, P.D., Chauhan,M.S., Chauhan, O.S., Chakravorty, S.,Sheikh, M.M., Manzoor, N., Adnan,M., Ashraf, J., Khan, A.M., Quadir,D.A., Devkota, L.P., Shrestha, A.B.Instrumental, terrestrial and marinerecords of the climate of South Asiaduring the Holocene: Present status,unresolved problems and societalaspects, 54-124.

Papers published in the Workshop on Natural resources of Goa: A geological perspective. Ed. by: Mascarenhas, A., Kalavampara, G., Geological Society of Goa, Dhempe College, Miramar, India, 2009:

Papers published in Global Environmental Changes in South Asia: A regional perspective. Ed. by: Mitra, A.P., Sharma, C., Capital Pub. Co., New Delhi, India, 2010:

Papers published in Carbon andNutrient Fluxes in ContinentalMargins. Ed. by: Liu, Kon-Kee,Atkinson, L., Quinones, R.,Talaue-McManus, L. (GlobalChange - The IGBP Ser.),Sp r inge r -Ve r l a g , Be r l i n ,Germany, 2010:

103

FinancesDuring the year we received CSIR grant of Rs. 78.10 crores for our institutional R&D Projects. External Cash flow from other Government departments and ministries for conducting their programmes was Rs. 23.00 crores while we charged Rs. 13.10 crores from industries towards sponsored projects and consultancy.

FINANCES & HUMAN RESOURCES

CSIR BUDGET ALLOCATION vis-à-vis External Cash Flow during last 3 years. The CSIR Grant for 2007-08 and 2008-09 includes cost of research vessel.

Human ResourceDirector

GROUP IVDocumentation Officer

Sc.G

Dr. Shetye SR

Dr. Tapaswi MP

Dr. Naqvi SWA Dr. Ramana MVDr. Nigam RajivDr. Loka Bharathi PADr. Desa Elgar SDr. Rajagopal MD (retired on 31.05.09)Sh. Bhattacharya GC (retired on 30.06.09)Sh. Gouveia Albert DSh. Desai Prabhu RG

Dr. Bahulayan N (retired on 31.05.09)Dr. Dalal SG Dr. Gajbhiye SNDr. Ansari ZADr. Murty VSNDr. Dileep Kumar MDr. Shenoi SSC (resigned 30.04.09)Dr. Parameswaran PSDr. Ramaiah NDr. Banakar VKDr. Prasanna Kumar SDr. Pattan JNDr. Rao Purnachandra VDr. Nagender Nath BDr. Shyam Prasad MDr. Rao Prattipati SDr. Kamesh Raju KADr. Paropkari ALSh. Vora KHDr. Poi Fondekar SN (retired on 30.11.09)

Dr. Naidu Divakar P Dr. Chakraborty BishwajitDr. Gujar ARDr. Iyer Sridhar DDr. Ramesh Kumar MRDr. Vethamony PDr. Narvekar PVDr. Mukhopadhyay RanadhirDr. Sardesai Sugandha D Dr. Gopalkrishna VVDr. Sarma VVSh. Sarma RVSh. Ram Prasad T

Dr. Swamy GNSh. Sarupria JSSh. Sathe PV Dr. Karisiddaiah SMDr. Valsangkar ABDr. Sharma Rahul KDr. Kodagali VNSh. Ranade GHDr. Mandal SDr. Chatterji Anil K (retired on 28.02.10)Dr. Banerjee RSh. Afzalpurkar SDr. Kadam AN (retired on 31.05.09)Dr. Ingole BSDr. Joseph Antony KDr. Krishna KS Dr. Chaubey Anil KDr. Anil Chandrashekar ASmt.D'Silva ClassyDr. Achuthankutty Shanta Dr. Somayajulu YKDr. Subrahmanyam VDr. Ramaswamy VDr. Sadhuram YDr. Borole DVDr. Chauhan OSDr. Prabhu Matondkar SGDr. Mudholkar Abhay VDr. Jayalakshmi KVDr. Pankajakshan TSh. Suresh TDr. Menezes Maria (retired on 31.03.10)

Sc.F

104

Dr. Jagtap TGSh. Reddy Venkata GSh. Subramanyam ASDr. Wafar MVM (retired on 31.07.09)Smt.Mesquita Analia MBSmt.Kaisary Sujata Dr. Muraleedharan PMDr. Unnikrishnan ASSh. Ashok Kumar KSh. Rao Mohan KDr. D'Souza Lizette MDr. Sarkar AnupamDr. Murty Ramana TVDr. Dinesh Kumar PKDr. Suryanarayana ADr. Khadge NHSh. Reddy Purnachandra NDr. Jiyalal Ram MJDr. Sawant SS

Sh. Diwan SGDr. Jauhari PratimaDr. Sarma YVBDr. Shyam Gupta MSh. Bhat SRSh. Krishnama Charyulu RJSh. Rao Narasimha TVDr. Fernandes AADr. Mascarenhas ADr. Sarma KVLNSDr. Rathod Vijayakumar PDr. Revichandran CSh. Naik Gajanan PSh. Mascarenhas Antonio AMQDr. Kunte PDSh. Saran AKSmt.J. Tresiamma (retired on 31.10.09)Dr. Raveendran TVSh. Sarma MSSDr. Rao Prabhakara BSh. Murty GPSDr. Shirodkar PVDr. Sanil Kumar VVSh. Madhan RDr. Doraiswamy ShankarSh. Navelkar Gajanan SSh. Ilangovan DDr. Mohandas CSh. Jayakumar SeelamDr. Sarma VVSS

Sh. Menezes Andrew ASh. Ambre NV (retired on 30.06.09)Sh. Mehra PrakashDr. Lakshiminarayana SDr. Velamala S NaiduSh. Sarma PVSSRDr. Mazumdar Aninda Dr. Thakur Narsinh

Sh. Durga Prasad PVSSDr. Nagarajan RDr. Gauns Mangesh UDr. Gonsalves Maria-JudithSmt.Neetu SureshSh. Sreepada Anantha RDr. Agnihotri RajeshDr. Sukumaran SoniyaKum. Cathrine Sumathi JDr. Ravindran JSh. Ray DurbarDr. Kurian SibyDr. Naik HemaSmt.Pereira Maria Brenda LDr. Gandhi Aparna SSh. Suresh ISh. Kocherla MuralidharSh. Mani Murali RSh. Maurya Pramod KumarDr. Biswas Haimanti

Sc.EII

Sc.EI

Sc.C

Dr. Dewangan PawanDr. Khandeparker Rakhee DSDr. Khandeparker Lidita DSDr. Dessai Dattesh VDr. Mitbavkar SmitaDr. Patil JagadishDr. Saraswat RajeevDr. Chakraborty ParthasarathiDr. Jyothibabu R Dr. Damare SamirDr. Yatheesh V Dr. Kessarkar Pratima MDr. Abdulaziz AnasDr. Tilvi Supriya SDr. Naik SushantDr. Moturi Srirama K

Sh. Sudarshan RDr. Shenoy Damodar MSh. Sahu Satya RajanDr. Jaiswar Anirudh Ram SSh. Muraleedharan KRDr. Ravindran CDr. Parvathi ASmt.Joao Das Merces M HildaDr. Madhu NVDr. Singh Keisham SDr. Dhale Mohan ADr. Das PranabSh. Mahale VasuKum.Haridevi CKDr. Imchen TemjensangbaSh. Rakesh PSKum. Mamatha SS

Sh. Subramaniam VSh. SundareshDr. Sila TripatiSh. Panneer SelvamSh. Marathe PrakashDr. Gaur Anuruddh SinghSh. Sonawane AVSh. Fernandes BlascoSh. Mandalia AVSh. Sharma Prashant

Sh. Mathews Chacko P

Smt.Dias Caroline FMSh. Nanyasi SKSh. Sundar Damodaran Dr. Babu MTDr. Parthiban GDr. Balachandran KKDr. Srinivas KarlapatiSh. Rao Ramalingeswara BSh. Vijay Kumar BSh. Tony J ThottamSh. Almeida Anselmo MSh. Prabaharan NDr. Prakash Babu CDr. Alagarsamy RSh. Rokade MASh. Krishnakumar VSh. Phadte GMSh. Fernando VijayanSh. Khedekar VDSh. Gracias DGSh. Michael G SelvanSh. Premakumar MK Sh. Satyanarayana RYSh. Vijayan PRNSh. Gaonkar SSSh. Pednekar PSSh. Pathak KCSh. Raju NSNSh. Walker Gavin ASh. Ganesan P

Sc.B

GROUP IIITO-EII

Supt.Engg.(Civil)

TO-EI

Smt.Simon SojaSh. Naik Davidas K Sh. Naik BG

Dr. Chodankar Kalpana

Sh. Sainekar GH

Sh. Bachcha Singh

Sh. Pattanshetti SSDr. Prabha DeviSh. Venkat Krishnamurty PSmt.Desa Maria AnaSh. Jai Sankar SSh. Patil Manohar PSmt.Nagvekar Surekha MSh. Mahale Arun YSh. Bandodkar Shrinivas NSh. Moraes Ceasar NRSh. Sardar Areef ASh. Prabhu Girish A

Smt.Garg AnitaSmt.Lasitha Ratnakaran Sh. Jawahar Kumar ChDr. Nair MaheswariSh. Vijayakumar Kanojia Sh. Gowthaman R

Dr. Fernandes Ivone A

Sh. Phutankar Rajendra P

Sh. Thampi KE

Sh. Thorat Babasaheb

Sh. Kavlekar Devanand PSh. Prabhudesai Shivanand PSh. Dabholkar Nitin A Sh. Fernandes William ASmt.Gomes Sharon TSh. Methar Anand LSh. Agarvadekar Yogesh VSh. Khalap Sadashiv TSh. Tirodkar Gurudas MSh. Vaz Santana C

Smt. Phatarpenkar Vandana

Smt.Bandodkar Sujal SSh. Satelkar Narayan PSh. Jai SinghKum.Gawade Lata GSh. Naik Milind MSmt.Karapurkar Supriya GSh. Kunkolikar Kishan GSh. Das Santosh Kumar

(transferred 23.07.09)Sh. Sudheesh KSh. Singh Manoranjan PSh. Meena Ram MurtiSh. Kerkar Miliketan SSh. Korgaokar Mahesh MSh. D'Souza Anthony CSh. Tari Prakash ASh. Gaonkar Mithun GSh. Luis RyanSh. Tari AnandSmt.Narvekar Vedha VSh. Rebello SheldonSh. Kapshikar Rajvardhan MSh. Krishna Kiran

Lady Medical Officer

Library Officer EI

Supt..Engg.(Electrical)

TO-C

TO-B

Medical Officer B

Asst.Exe.Officer

Library Officer B

TO-A

STA

Jr. Engg. (Gr. II)

JTA

105

Sh. Gopi G (transferred 11.09.09)Sh. Naik Pradosh N (resigned 05.08.09)Kum.Nagvekar ShradhaKum.Naik SuchitaKum.Parab ShradhaSh. Mapari Kaushal EKum.Samudrala KiranmaiSh. Kankonkar AshokSh. Viswanath JSh. Ghatkar SiddarthSh. Mohd. Shahnvaj

Sh. Luis RAASh. Naik Kamlakant L

Sh. Madaswamy B

Sh. Parmar UA Smt.Prabhu Beena SSmt.Ramaswamy Philomena Sh. Fernandes BrunoSh. Naik RLSmt.Ribeiro Basinda CSh. Mochemadkar Manohar VSh. Mascarenhas Luis SSh. Naik Ganesh NSh. Nair Sivaraman KKSh. Mir Hussain SSh. Chauhan Gopal KSh. Gauns FotuSh. Ribeiro MelwinSh. Amaral Jose AN (retired on 30.09.09)Sh. Bhobe Datta Prasad PSh. Rao Koteswara ASh. Prasad Ranga TVSh. Talkatnal YS Sh. Bagde DSSh. Babu Suri A Sh. Monteiro Antonio

Sh. Chorat Baji Rao (retired on 31.05.09)

Sh. Dhavjekar Maheshwar VSh. Mandrekar Uday DSh. Toraskar Namdev BSh. Kankonkar PJSh. Sasi EK

Smt.Rodrigues AncySh. Prabhu RKSh. Naik Suryakant RSh. Jakhi SPNSh. Dias Mathew

Sh. Chitari KG (retired on 28.02. 10)Sh. Akerkar SGSh. Pawaskar PramodSh. Uchil R Sh. Javali Udaykumar Sh. Chavan RL

Sh. Sheikh Ali Karim

Sh. Fernandes Peter P

Sh. Kurle PR

Sh. Gawas Mohammad

GROUP IIGroup II(4)STA

Technical Assistant

SLA

Driver Cum Mechanic

Sr. Deckhand

KPO

Tracer

Photo.Asst.

Fitter

Engine Driver

Mason

Machine Operator

Sh. Pednekar Babuso H

Sh. Shirgaunkar Anil V

Sh. Naroji Subhash S

Sh. Mochemadkar Mahesh V

Smt.Vimalakumari D

Sh. D'Silva Eulalio O

Sh. Nadar Kasi

Sh. Krishnaiah K Sh. Sardessai RB (retired on 30.04.09)

Sh. Naik Gurudas P

Sh. Gawas Atmaram K

Sh. John Luis

Sh. Sasikumar KL

Smt.Mochemadkar Kanchan M

Sh. Chitari Satish B

Sh. Polichetti N

Sh. Godinho Jose

Sh. Kamat Dattaram S

Sh. Dalvi Hanumant S

Smt.Grace JosephKum.Fernandes Aida

Sh. Dige Anant ShankerSh. Sable Baban VSh. Chavan Subhash S

Smt.Venkata Ramana K Ch.

Sh. Kulkarni VK

Sh. Shariff Md Bepari

Sh. Poi Venkatesh R

Sh. Manoj P

Sh. Morajkar Nishakant VSh. Braganza Joaquim DSh. Phadte Namdev J

Sh. Sirvoikar Chandrakant

Jr. Technician

Printing Mechanic

Compositor (Gr.II)

Technician (Instruments)

Turner

Driver Cum Mechanic

Works Mistry

Carpenter

Cateloguer

Staff Car Driver

Technican-C

Group II(3)Nursing Sister

Tracer

Driver Cum Mechanic

Cook

Guest House Attendant

SLA

Technician Gr.II

Group II(2)Staff Car Driver

Technician Gr.II

JLA

Khalasi

Dispatch Rider

Group II(1)Gr. II

Staff Car Driver

Group I(4)Book Binder

Laboratory Attendant

Khalasi

Jr.Gestetnor Operator

Watchman

Laboratory Bearer

Mali

Peon

Helper Gr.A

Group I(3)SLA

Workshop Assistant

Laboratory Attendant

Mali

Helper Gr.A

Laboratory Bearer

Group I (2)Technician

ADMINISTRATIONCOA

CoFA

SPO

SO(G)

SO(F&A)

SO (S&P)

Sh. Mustafa Basha Shaik

Sh. Jogle Vithal A Sh. Fernandes Aquino T (retired on 31.01.10)Sh. Vijayan P

Sh. George Thomas

Sh. Parsekar SB (retired on 31.05.09)Sh. Mahale Jaidev G (retired on 31.07.09)

Sh. Sheikh YacubSh. Parulekar Atmaram SNSh. D'Souza Francis

Sh. Gaunco Anant M Sh. Vithoba Kundaiker

Sh. Arlekar Pradeep

Sh. Gauns Dinu P

Sh. Patel Babu G

Sh. Sawant Raghunath

Sh. Dongrekar ST

Sh. Keshavappa TSmt.Shirodkar Susheela

Sh. Oza Jayram GSh. Gawas Laxman BSh. Ilyas MdSh. Gauns Monu G Sh. Martins NagueshSh. Gawade Shivaji D

Smt.Geethakumari PG

Sh. Gawas Suresh M

Sh. Panicker Omman O (transferred 24.11.09)Sh. Dalvi MG

Sh. Murty Ch GK

Sh. Pant Suresh (transferred 20.11.09)Sh. Sundar HV

Smt.D'Silva Regina MCSh. Fadte SRKum.Shahapurkar MeenaSh. Fernandes AgnelloSh.Tharawal RS

Sh. Krishna Kumar MSh. Bhaskar Kumar Ravi

Sh. Mascarenhas Johny Sh. Rao Siva PV (deceased on 4.1.10)

106

Short-forms

AO - Administrative OfficerACP - Assured Career PromotionAsst. - AssistantCoFA - Controller of Finance & AccountsExe. - Executive Engg - EngineerF&A - Finance and AccountsJLA - Junior Laboratory AssistantJr. Steno. - Junior StenographerJTA - Junior Technical AssistantKPO - Key Punch OperatorPhoto. Asst. - Photographic AssistantPS - Private SecretarySc. - ScientistSLA - Senior Laboratory AssistantSO - Section OfficerS&P- Stores and PurchaseSPO – Stores and Purchase OfficerSr. Steno. – Senior StenographerSTA – Senior Technical AssistantSupt.– Superintending TO - Technical Officer

Hindi Officer

PS

Asst. (G) Gr.I

Asst. (F&A) Gr.I

Asst. (S&P) Gr.I

Sr. Steno (ACP)

Sr. Steno

Hindi Translator (Jr.)

Asst. (S&P) Gr.II

Asst. (F&A)

Asst. (G) Gr.III

Receptionist

Sh. Sharma Rakesh

Kum.Cardoz MilagrinaSh. Sasidharan VSmt.Radhakrishna KSh. Simon TP

Sh. Ghanti SimantaSmt.D'Souza Anna JSmt.Fernandes M FranciscaSh. Kurtarkar Ratnakar SSmt.Lobo Pia GracindaSh. Sivadasan KSh. Vernekar RG (retired on 31.12.09)Sh. Sirvoikar OnuSmt.D'Mello Vilma Smt.Rego Sacramenta M Sh. Narvekar Dileep KSh. Verenkar Madan JSmt.D'Costa EdithSmt.Mochemadkar Mamta MSmt.Kala KBSh. Pereira EdwardSh. Cota Caitaninho Sh. Rakesh KumarKum. Fernandes TerezinhaSmt.Fernandes Liberate ESmt.Kelkar Kanti S

Sh. Murthy VSSh. Naik Umesh B Sh. Vijayakumar GSmt.Priolkar AlkaSmt.Fernandes Ita ML

Sh. Terdalkar Surendra GSh. Mujawar YARSmt.Peshwe MelitaSh. Sukumaran A Sh. Maijikar HarishSmt.Fernandes Carmina

Smt.D'Souza Lucinda VSh. Nair PBSh. Bhinge RSSmt.Veliath Linda

Smt.Fernandes Maria GoretteSh. Nair Rajagopalan KSmt.Vaz SheilaSmt.Sudhakar AlisonSmt.Subramanian GeetaSmt.Korde Vanamala PSmt.Cardozo CletaSmt.Martins FatimaKum.Alphonso FelecidadeSh. Patil RajaramSmt.Shettigar Sunita

Smt.Goverdhan Leena Kumari

Sh. Lopes CraveiroSh. Hasanwale Ashraf (deceased on 5.11.09)Sh. Lamani TG Smt.D'Mello Rosaria ESh. Pereira Santosh R

Smt.Pandirkar Shravani S

Sh. Mochemadkar Nitin S

Smt.Almeida Shanti E

Security Asst.

Asst. Halwai

Peon (Higher Gr.)

Record Keeper

Asst. Manager

Bearer (ACP)

Peon (ACP)

Tea Maker (ACP)

Tea/Coffee Maker (ACP)

Wash Boy

Kitchen Clerk

Safaiwala

Admn.(Gr.D)Farash

Peon (ACP)

Peon

Store Bearer

Wash Boy

Watchman

Safaiwala

Jr. Security Guard

Sh. James P

Sh. Tervankar Rama B

Sh. Pereira Peter

Sh. Gad Surya V

Sh. Toraskar DT

Sh. Kharde Ramesh TSh. Coelho ReginaldoSh. Fernandes CiriloSh. Dias Ghanashyam

Sh. Gaunco Nanu Sh. Gonsalves JosephSh. Gauns NaniSh. Martins Daku (retired on 31.01.10)Sh. Gauns Digambar

Sh. Rao Rama DSh. Gupta Dhanilal PSh. Kannan PV

Sh. Tuyekar Gopal N

Sh. Nayaka Ramesh

Smt.Mary PK

Sh. Naik Mahadev HSh. Satelkar Sabaji

Sh. Gauns Keshav

Sh. Shirodkar Govind

Sh. Hamza KH

Sh. Kuttikar Mahadev

Sh. Appala Raju KSh. Estrocio Francis

Sh. Gawas PundalikSh. Nair SanelkumaranSh. Singh Omkar R

Smt.Begh SubhadraSmt.Sirvoikar MinaxiSh. Gauns BudoSh. Viegas CaitanSh. Khade Ramesh MSmt.Ghanki ShantiSmt.Martins Noli DSh. Gauns Mukund Smt.Surlekar Sumitra SSmt.Mulgaonkar Sangita CSmt.Naik Vijayshree GSmt.Menama Raja DevenSh. Sawant Meghanath LSmt.Gaunco Caveri V

Sh. Vijayan RSh. Das Ram Khilavan

107

Research CouncilChairman

Members

Dr. Shailesh NayakSecretaryMinistry of Earth ScienceGovt. of IndiaMahasagar Bhavan, Block 12CGO Complex, Lodhi RoadNew Delhi - 110 003

Prof. J. SrinivasanChairmanCentre for Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore – 560 012

Dr. Malay MahadeviaCEOGujarat Adani Port LtdAdani House, NavrangpuraAhmedabad - 380 009

Prof. G.C. MishraDirectorNational Centre for Cell ScienceNCCS Complex, GaneshkhindPune - 411 007

Dr. S. KathiroliDirectorNational Institute of Ocean TechnologyVelacherry - Tambaran Main RoadNarayanapuramChennai - 601 302

Dr. R.P. BajpaiVice ChancellorGuru Jambheshwar University of Science and TechnologyHisar - 125 001

Dr. D.M. KaleExecutive Director, R&DOil and Natural Gas CorporationChief Engineer Centre 5th to 15th Floor, South TowerScope Minar, Lakshmi NagarDelhi - 110 092

Dr. P.K. BiswasConsultantRecruitment and Assessment Board (RAB)CSIR Complex, Library AvenuePusa, New Delhi – 110 012

ADVISORY COUNCILS

Dr. V.P. DimriDirectorNational Geophysical Research InstituteUppal RoadHyderabad - 500 007

Dr. Naresh KumarHeadR & D and Planning DivisionCSIR, Rafi MargNew Delhi – 110 001

Dr. S.R. ShetyeDirectorNational Institute of OceanographyDona Paula, Goa – 403 004

Dr. M. Shyam PrasadScientistNational Institute of OceanographyDona Paula, Goa – 403 004

Dr. S.R. ShetyeDirector

Dr. T. Chakraborty Sci `G', NEERI, Nagpur

Shri G.C. Bhattacharya Sci. `G', NIO (superannuated since 30.6.09)

Dr. M.D. Rajagopal Sci. `G', NIO (superannuated since 31.5.09)

Dr. P.S. RaoSci. `G', NIO

Dr. V.V. Sanil KumarSci. `E-II', NIO

Dr. (Mrs.) Siby KurianSci. `C', NIO

Mrs. Maria Ana DesaTO `C', NIO

Shri Ch. G.K. MurthyCoFA, NIO

Shri O. Omman PanickerCOA, NIO

Secretary

Chairman

Members

Member-Secretary

Management Council