Tristin Pfeifer CHHS 302 Collaborative Health and Human Services Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Over Diganosis

Incentivized Medicine and Misdiagnosis of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD)By Tristin PfeiferUnited StatesFood and DrugAdministration

Image 1

Pediatric Bipolar Disorder went from being rarely diagnosed up until the 1990s to being the most frequent (Littrell & Lyons 2010)It became a trendy diagnosis and a result of incentivized medicine (Littrell & Lyons 2010)Considered a severe mental disorderMedications not approved for children Critical Situation

Rhetorical Timing

Negative effects on child's/adolescent healthWorrisome spike in a particular diagnosisClonidine causes death of 2 year old (Kaplen, 2011)

Image 2CausesMedia Attention (Littrell & Lyons 2010)Pressure to give clinical diagnosis (Spiegel, 2010)Too broad/vague diagnostic tools (As cited by Jenkins, Youngstrom, & Washburn, 2011).Pharmaceutical Companies (Frances, 2012)

4EffectsOver diagnosis of PBD due to being trendy (Littrell & Lyons 2010)Children taking potentially harmful pharmaceuticals (As cited by Jenkins, Youngstrom, & Washburn, 2011).Incentives for Clinicians (Littrell & Lyons 2010)

Image 3

Pharmaceutical Spending6Solutions Updates to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)Improve Parent awarenessMandatory reporting of any cases of children prescribed dangerous medicationsMandatory reporting of any financial exchange between pharmaceutical companies and clinicians.

Questions?tpfeifer@csumb.edu

Image References Image 1 https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRP6Q5kixwgWcidqwCVHf6hdg27i6IVR9FvtgmYoC9wD4NtnGTBImage 2http://newsblaze.com/pix/2008/0820/pix/History-of-Bipolar-Disorder-.jpgImage 3http://www.pewhealth.org/uploadedImages/PHG/Content_Level_Pages/Issue_Briefs/rxp-chart2.jpg

ReferencesFrances, A. (2012, April 3). The False Epidemic of Childhood Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved from HuffingtonPost: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/allen-frances/children-bipolar-disorder_b_1213028.html Instruments in the Application of DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder.Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,51(6), 605-621 Galanter, C., Hundt, S., Goyal, P., Le, J., & Fisher, P. (2012). Variability Among Research Diagnostic InterviewJenkins, M. M., Youngstrom, E. A., & Washburn, J. J. (2011). Evidence-Based Strategies Improve Assessment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder by Community Practitioners.Professional Psychology, Research And Practice,42(2), 121-129Lance, Jeffrey, I., Boris, Michael, Shirley, Bettina, B., . . . Martin. (2013). Manic symptoms in youth with bipolar disorder: Factor analysis by age of symptom onset and current age.Journal of Affective Disorders,145(3), 409-412. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.024Littrell, J., & Lyons, P. (2010). Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: An issue for Child Welfare.Children & Youth Services Review,32(7), 965-973.Miller, L., & Barnett, S. (2008). Mood lability and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England),20(2), 171-176. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540260801889088PEW. (2013, January). Persuading the prescribers: Pharmaceutical Industry Marketing and its influence on Physicains and patients. Retrieved from PEW: http://www.pewhealth.org/other-resource/persuading-the-prescribers-pharmaceutical-industry-marketing-and-its-influence-on-physicians-and-patients-85899439814Spiegel, A. (2010, Febuary 10). Children Labeled 'Bipolar' May Get A New Diagnosis. Retrieved from National Public Radio: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123544191Staurt L. Kaplan, M. (2011, June 19). Mommy, Am I Really Bipolar? Retrieved from The daily beast: http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/06/19/mommy-am-i-really-bipolar.html