INCOFISH WP 2INCOFISH WP 2

David J. StarkeyDavid J. Starkey

University of Hull, UKUniversity of Hull, UK

“ “Shifting Baselines”Shifting Baselines”

Start-Up WorkshopKiel, 5 October 2005

Blaydes House6, High StreetHull UK

David J. Starkey

Lecturer in Maritime History

The History of Marine Animal The History of Marine Animal PopulationsPopulations

Big Fish Eat Little Fish

Pieter Brueghel the Elder

Aim: to enhance knowledge and understanding of how and why the diversity, distribution and abundance of

marine life in the world’s oceans changes over the long

term

HMAP: Rationale

Understanding the Past is Key

to Ocean Management Today

“Historical documentation of the long-term effects of fishing provides a heretofore-missing

perspective for successful management and restoration of coastal marine ecosystems. Previous

attempts have failed because they have focused only on the most recent symptoms of the problem

rather than on their deep historical causes.”

Jeremy Jackson, Science (2001)

HMAP Gulf of MaineHMAP Gulf of Maine

We estimate the abundance of cod on the eastern and We estimate the abundance of cod on the eastern and western Scotian Shelf combined to be western Scotian Shelf combined to be 1.26 million 1.26 million metric tons in 1852.metric tons in 1852.

Canada’s Department of Fisheries has Canada’s Department of Fisheries has estimated that the total biomass for cod in NAFO estimated that the total biomass for cod in NAFO divisions 4X 4Vs 4W (a larger area than that fished divisions 4X 4Vs 4W (a larger area than that fished in1852) is in1852) is nownow less than 50,000mt – about 4% of the less than 50,000mt – about 4% of the adult biomass in 1852.adult biomass in 1852.

Andrew Rosenberg Andrew Rosenberg et al, Frontiers in Ecology et al, Frontiers in Ecology (2005)(2005)

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2

Goal:Goal:

To examine the patterns of long-term change in To examine the patterns of long-term change in selected coastal ecosystems and thereby establish selected coastal ecosystems and thereby establish targets for the restoration and sustainable use of targets for the restoration and sustainable use of living marine resourcesliving marine resources

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2

Objectives:Objectives:

1. To identify, validate and assemble historical data 1. To identify, validate and assemble historical data relating relating to key aquatic resources in selected LMEsto key aquatic resources in selected LMEs

2. To collate, analyse and disseminate historical data collected2. To collate, analyse and disseminate historical data collectedand processed in [1]and processed in [1]

3. To establish baselines against which the current status of 3. To establish baselines against which the current status of aquatic resources and LMEs can be evaluatedaquatic resources and LMEs can be evaluated

Deliverables:Deliverables:

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2

D2.1: constructD2.1: construct database of historical data database of historical data (available through(available through WP1, month 19)WP1, month 19)

D2.2: assemble baseline data from 2.1 in databaseD2.2: assemble baseline data from 2.1 in database(supply to other WPs; disseminate via WP1, month 25)(supply to other WPs; disseminate via WP1, month 25)

D2.3: report on baseline data and analysisD2.3: report on baseline data and analysis(month 34)(month 34)

D2.4: publish 5+ scientific papersD2.4: publish 5+ scientific papers(month 34)(month 34)

Milestones:Milestones:

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2

Workshop 1 Workshop 1 (month 4 … oh dear!!)(month 4 … oh dear!!)

Workshop 2 Workshop 2 (month 27)(month 27)

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2

Progress so far … [1]Progress so far … [1]

Joanne PhillipsJoanne PhillipsBSc Marine BiologyBSc Marine BiologyMSc Coastal FisheriesMSc Coastal Fisheries

John NichollsJohn NichollsIT AdvisorIT Advisor

Hull team assembledHull team assembled

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2

Progress so far … [2]Progress so far … [2]

8 partners contracted8 partners contracted

Parameters of partners’ research project establishedParameters of partners’ research project established(more or less … )(more or less … )

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERSPARTNERS

DenmarkUniversity of Southern Denmark (SDU) Estonia

Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu

GalapagosCharles Darwin Foundation (CDF)

United Kingdom• The University of Aberdeen (UNIABDN)

• The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK (CEFAS)

• Maritime Historical Studies Centre, Hull

ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de

Colombia (UNAL)

PeruInstituto del Mar del

Peru (IMARPE)

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location Humboldt Current LME

Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE)Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE)

Timeframe 1950 - 2004

Species Hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus)Lumptail searobin (Prionotus stephanophrys)Peruvian rock seabass (Paralabrax humeralis)Peruvian banded croaker (Paralonchurus peruanus)

Annual landings ('000t) of demersals resources in the Peruvian sea (1970-2004)

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INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location Galapagos Marine Reserve

Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF)Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF)

Timeframe 1950 - 2004

Species Sea cucumberSpiny lobster, Slipper lobsterSome bony fish

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location Columbian Caribbean Sea(13oN – 8oN; 71oW – 77oW)

Universidad Nacional de Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)(UNAL)

Timeframe 1970 - present

Species Snappers (Lutjanidae)Sharks & RaysInvertebrates

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location East Baltic Sea – Estonian and Russian coastsBaltic coasts of Denmark and Sweden

Estonian Marine Institute, University of TartuEstonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu

Timeframe 1600 - present

Species Coastal - perch, pike, roachOpen water - cod, herring, sprat, flatfish

    

Baltic Sea – hydrographic gradients affect species distribution

Salinity

Salinity Temperature

-relatively fewspecies dueto physiologicalstress

Relatively few speciesdue toPhysiological stress

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location Wadden Sea - SW coastal part of DenmarkNW coast of Germany and N coast of The Netherlands

University of Southern Denmark (SDU)University of Southern Denmark (SDU)

Timeframe Last 1000 years of exploitation concentrating on theperiod from 1600 up to the present

Species All species, especially indicator species and keycommercial species

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location North Sea … off the Scottish coast

University of Aberdeen (UNIABDN)University of Aberdeen (UNIABDN)

Timeframe to be announced

Species to be announced

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location North Sea

The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK (CEFAS)Science, UK (CEFAS)

Timeframe 1880 – present (especially 1991+)

Species 65 functional groups (including 36 fishes, seabirds, 8 groups of sharks & rays, 3 groups of marine mammals, discards/offal)

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The North Sea The North Sea (ICES area IV; LME 22)(ICES area IV; LME 22)

Spawning Stock Biomass, 1960-2005Spawning Stock Biomass, 1960-2005

INCOFISH WP2INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS PARTNERS

Location to be decided

University of Hull (UHULL)University of Hull (UHULL)

Timeframe to be decided

Species to be decided

INCOFISH WP2: Next StepsINCOFISH WP2: Next Steps

ConsiderConsider WP2 objectives WP2 objectives

EstablishEstablish roles & responsibilities within WP2 roles & responsibilities within WP2

Devise Devise collaboration strategy re: other WPscollaboration strategy re: other WPs other projectsother projects

AssignAssign deliverables: deliverables: publication strategy

Confirm parameters of research projects

Consider database design

ReviseRevise milestonesmilestones

INCOFISH WP 2INCOFISH WP 2

David J. Starkey (d.j.starkey@hull.ac.uk)

Joanne Phillips (j.phillips@hull.ac.uk)

John Nicholls (j.nicholls@hull.ac.uk)

Maritime Historical Studies Centre (MHSC)

Blaydes House

6 High Street

Hull HU1 1HA

United KingdomTel. +44 (0)1482 305119

Fax.+44 (0)1482 305116