incorporating ecosystem services into...
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World Resources Institute
Incorporating Ecosystem Services
into FDESInforming Development and Application of Metrics and
Indicators
Christian Layke
World Resources Institute
Novemer 9, 2010
World Resources Institute
Ecosystem Services: Background
Goods and services humans receive from ecosystems•Provisioning
Food, freshwater, fiber, fuelwood, etc.
•RegulatingErosion regulation, soil quality maintenance, pollination, water purification, etc.
•CulturalSpiritual values, recreation and tourism, etc.
•SupportingPrimary productivity, nutrient cycling, etc.
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Ecosystem Services: Relevance to FDES
• Ecosystem services: not synonymous with ecosystem approach
• Helps mainstream environmental issuesPeople at center
• Doesn’t re-invent the wheelShares elements with current FDES, DPSIR
• Supports emerging approachesEcosystem assessments, valuation, EIAs, climate change V&A.
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Ecosystem Services Indicators (Statistics) Framework and DPSIR
Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Services
Pressures
Indirect Drivers
Human Well-being
Policy strategies and interventions
DrivingForces
Pressures
State
Impacts
Responses
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Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Functions
Pressures
Indirect Drivers Human Well-
being
Services
Policy strategies and interventions
Benefits
Direct Drivers
Ecosystem Service Indicators Framework
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Human Well-being
Indirect Drivers
Benefits
Services
Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Functions
Pressures
Direct Drivers
Policy strategies and interventions
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and ES Indicators Framework
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World Resources InstituteSource: Fisher at al
Economic Valuation
World Resources InstituteSource: Balfmord et al.,
Scoping the Science
Economic Valuation, Continued
World Resources InstituteSource: EC,. TEEB
Economic Valuation, Continued
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Classification Fields for Ecosystem Services Approach
Ecosystem ServicesEcosystem service category, sub-category (Provisioning, regulating, etc.)
Ecosystem function, service, benefit
Ecosystem(s) providing service
Human well-being sector
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Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Functions
Pressures
Indirect Drivers Human
Well-being
Services
Policy strategies and interventions
BenefitsDirect
Drivers
DrivingForces
Pressures
State
Impacts
Responses
ES Indicators Framework and DPSIR
World Resources Institute
Ecosystem Services Indicators Framework and DPSIR
Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Services
Pressures
Indirect Drivers
Human Well-being
Policy strategies and interventions
DrivingForces
Pressures
State
Impacts
Responses
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http://esindicators.org
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Audiences and Beneficiaries
Statistical System
Ecosystem and Environmental Assessments
Economic valuation of
ecosystems and biodiversity Policy
Analysis and Formulation
Other, e.g. Environmental
impact assessment
MA Framework
Ecosystem valuation
Integrated Assessment using MA
Framework
Ecosystem Service
Indicators Framework
PSR, DPSIR
Sectoral economic valuation
FDES, PSR,
DPSIR
Assessment with topical
“silos”
Other sources of
data
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Vulnerability and AdaptationMaintaining Healthy Ecosystems
Human Well-being
Indirect Drivers
Benefits
Services
Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Functions
Pressures
Direct Drivers
Policy strategies and interventionsBuilt
Capital
Human Capital
Financial Capital
Institutional Capital
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Human Capital
Built Capital
Financial Capital
Institutional Capital
Vulnerability and AdaptationMaximizing Benefits
Human Well-being
Indirect Drivers
Benefits
Services
Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Functions
Pressures
Direct Drivers
Policy strategies and interventions
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Ecosystem Service Frameworks-A Continuum from Simple to Complex
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Community based forest management
Protected areas
Markets for non-timber forest products
Forest certification
Energy policies
Rule of law
“Industrial”management
Climate regulation
Water purification
Timber production
Aesthetic and spiritual values
Population of
pollinating insects
(proxy for pollination services)
Extent of primary forest
Soil organic matter
Soil pH
Forest disease levels
Species makeup
Plantation establishment Trade in illegally
harvested timber
CO2 emissionsExtensive clear-cutting
SOx emissions
Forest fertilization
Sustainable management
Small-holder forest clearing
Changed climate regime
Loss of natural forest cover
Increased acidity of rain
Changes in land use
Land contamination
Nutrient loading into streams
Lack of information
Corruption
Externalities
Poverty ConflictPercentage of people employed
Access to health clinics
Security
Freedoms
Income
Per capita water consumption
Food consumption
Avoided cost for water treatment
Number of tourist visitors
Average daily water flow
Grain production
Biofuels production
Average annual hydropower
potential
Fish harvest as percentage of sustainable yield
Fishing
Nature-based employment
Incidence of water-borne diseases
Fuelwood consumption
Hydropower production
Ecosystem Condition and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Functions
Pressures
Indirect Drivers Human
Well-being
Services
Policy strategies and interventions
BenefitsDirect
Drivers